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    • All HBS Web  (752)
      • Faculty Publications  (24)

      Hybrid Organizations Remove Hybrid Organizations →

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      Harnessing Productive Tensions in Hybrid Organizations: The Case of Work Integration Social Enterprises
      ‘Hybrid’ Organizations a Difficult Bet for Entrepreneurs
      Consider two organizations with the same noble purpose: to solve the problem of poor eyesight in developing countries. The first, the Centre for...
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      • March–April 2019
      • Article

      The Dual-Purpose Playbook

      By: Julie Battilana, Anne-Claire Pache, Metin Sengul and Marissa Kimsey
      Corporations are being pushed to dial down their single-minded pursuit of financial gain and pay closer attention to their impact on employees, customers, communities, and the environment. But changing an organization’s DNA may require upending the existing business...  View Details
      Keywords: Hybrid Organizing; Business And Society; Organizational Change And Adaptation; Business Model; Goals And Objectives; Organizational Structure; Leadership
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      Battilana, Julie, Anne-Claire Pache, Metin Sengul, and Marissa Kimsey. "The Dual-Purpose Playbook." Harvard Business Review 97, no. 4 (March–April 2019): 124–133.
      • December 2018 (Revised January 2020)
      • Case

      Husk Power: Scaling the Venture

      By: Benjamin N. Roth, Joseph B. Lassiter III and Natalia Rigol
      In January 2018, Husk Power had just raised $20 million to scale operations for a second time. From 2007 through 2013, Husk built 80 biomass waste (primarily rice husk from rice mills) plants that provided electricity to 250,000 villagers and shop owners spread across...  View Details
      Keywords: Scaling; Energy; Entrepreneurship; Emerging Markets; Growth And Development; Energy Industry; India
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      Roth, Benjamin N., Joseph B. Lassiter III, and Natalia Rigol. "Husk Power: Scaling the Venture." Harvard Business School Case 819-069, December 2018. (Revised January 2020.)
      • 2018
      • Article

      Cracking the Organizational Challenge of Pursuing Joint Social and Financial Goals: Social Enterprise as a Laboratory to Understand Hybrid Organizing

      By: Julie Battilana
      While in recent decades the social and business sectors have evolved on fairly separate tracks, today companies are increasingly expected to generate social value in addition to profit. As a result, they also increasingly face the distinct challenge of pursuing social...  View Details
      Keywords: Hybrid Organizations; Hybrid Organizing; Multiple Goals; Social Enterprise; Goals And Objectives; Organizational Design; Organizational Culture
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      Battilana, Julie. "Cracking the Organizational Challenge of Pursuing Joint Social and Financial Goals: Social Enterprise as a Laboratory to Understand Hybrid Organizing." M@n@gement 21, no. 4 (2018): 1278–1305.
      • 2018
      • Chapter

      New Prospects for Organizational Democracy?: How the Joint Pursuit of Social and Financial Goals Challenges Traditional Organizational Designs

      By: Julie Battilana, Michael Fuerstein and Michael Lee
      For an extended period during the first half of the 20th century, industrial democracy was a vibrant movement, with ideological and organizational ties to a thriving unionism. In 2015, however, things look different. While there are instances of democracy in the...  View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Design; Social Enterprise; Values And Beliefs; Integration; Theory
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      Battilana, Julie, Michael Fuerstein, and Michael Lee. "New Prospects for Organizational Democracy? How the Joint Pursuit of Social and Financial Goals Challenges Traditional Organizational Designs." In Capitalism Beyond Mutuality? Perspectives Integrating Philosophy and Social Science, edited by Subramanian Rangan, 256–288. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2018.
      • January–February 2018
      • Article

      Some Customers Would Rather Leave Without Saying Goodbye

      By: Eva Ascarza, Oded Netzer and Bruce G.S. Hardie
      We investigate the increasingly common business setting in which companies face the possibility of both observed and unobserved customer attrition (i.e., “overt” and “silent” churn) in the same pool of customers. This is the case for many online-based services where...  View Details
      Keywords: Churn; Retention; Attrition; Customer Base Analysis; Hidden Markov Models; Latent Variable Models; Customer Relationship Management; Consumer Behavior
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      Ascarza, Eva, Oded Netzer, and Bruce G.S. Hardie. "Some Customers Would Rather Leave Without Saying Goodbye." Marketing Science 37, no. 1 (January–February 2018): 54–77.
      • 2017
      • Chapter

      On Hybrids and Hybrid Organizing: A Review and Roadmap for Future Research

      By: Julie Battilana, Marya Besharov and Bjoern Mitzinneck
      The purpose of this chapter is to advance research on hybrids by bringing together work from these multiple perspectives; identifying common themes in the antecedents, challenges, opportunities, and management strategies associated with hybridity and highlighting...  View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Structure; Organizational Design; Research
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      Battilana, Julie, Marya Besharov, and Bjoern Mitzinneck. "On Hybrids and Hybrid Organizing: A Review and Roadmap for Future Research." Chap. 5 in The SAGE Handbook of Organizational Institutionalism. 2nd ed. Edited by Royston Greenwood, Christine Oliver, Thomas B. Lawrence, and Renate E. Meyer, 128–162. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2017.
      • September–October 2017
      • Article

      Blurring the Boundaries: The Interplay of Gender and Local Communities in the Commercialization of Social Ventures

      By: Stefan Dimitriadis, Matthew Lee, Lakshmi Ramarajan and Julie Battilana
      This paper examines the critical role of gender in the commercialization of social ventures. We argue that cultural beliefs about what is perceived to be appropriate work for each gender influence how founders of social ventures incorporate commercial activity into...  View Details
      Keywords: Community; Cultural Beliefs; Social Enterprise; Gender; Local Range; Commercialization; Culture
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      Dimitriadis, Stefan, Matthew Lee, Lakshmi Ramarajan, and Julie Battilana. "Blurring the Boundaries: The Interplay of Gender and Local Communities in the Commercialization of Social Ventures." Organization Science 28, no. 5 (September–October 2017): 819–839.
      • Article

      Build It, Buy It, or Both? Rethinking the Sourcing of Advertising Services

      By: Alvin J. Silk and Marta M. Stiglin
      This paper provides an update on the current state of in-house agencies. Whereas traditional consideration of internalizing advertising services was framed as a binary choice of build or buy, today's advertisers frequently pursue hybrid policies of build and buy to...  View Details
      Keywords: Operations; Advertising; Advertising Industry
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      Silk, Alvin J., and Marta M. Stiglin. "Build It, Buy It, or Both? Rethinking the Sourcing of Advertising Services." International Journal of Marketing Studies 8, no. 1 (February 2016).
      • January 2016 (Revised July 2018)
      • Case

      Cyberdyne: A Leap to the Future

      By: Doug J. Chung and Mayuka Yamazaki
      Cyberdyne Inc. was a Japanese technology venture that wanted to commercialize a hybrid assistive limb (HAL). HAL was a robotic exoskeleton system for people who had difficulty walking due to nervous system disabilities resulting from stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI),...  View Details
      Keywords: Go-to-market Strategy; Pricing; Sales Channel; Technological Innovation; Marketing; Sales; Distribution; Strategy; Medical Devices And Supplies Industry
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      Chung, Doug J., and Mayuka Yamazaki. "Cyberdyne: A Leap to the Future." Harvard Business School Case 516-072, January 2016. (Revised July 2018.)
      • December 2015
      • Article

      Harnessing Productive Tensions in Hybrid Organizations: The Case of Work Integration Social Enterprises

      By: Julie Battilana, Metin Sengul, Anne-Claire Pache and Jacob Model
      We examine the factors that influence the social performance of hybrid organizations that pursue a social mission, and sustain their operations through commercial activities, by studying work integration social enterprises (WISEs). We argue that social imprinting and...  View Details
      Keywords: Hybrid Organizations; Social Enterprise; Social Entrepreneurship; organizations; Performance Productivity
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      Battilana, Julie, Metin Sengul, Anne-Claire Pache, and Jacob Model. "Harnessing Productive Tensions in Hybrid Organizations: The Case of Work Integration Social Enterprises." Academy of Management Journal 58, no. 6 (December 2015): 1658–1685.
      • 2015
      • Working Paper

      Build It, Buy It or Both? Rethinking the Sourcing of Advertising Services

      By: Alvin J. Silk and Marta M. Stiglin
      This paper provides an update on the current state of in-house agencies. Whereas traditional consideration of internalizing advertising services was framed as a binary choice of build or buy, today's advertisers frequently pursue hybrid policies of build and buy to...  View Details
      Keywords: Management Practices And Processes; Advertising
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      Silk, Alvin J., and Marta M. Stiglin. "Build It, Buy It or Both? Rethinking the Sourcing of Advertising Services." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 15-093, June 2015.
      • Article

      Advancing Research on Hybrid Organizing—Insights from the Study of Social Enterprises

      By: Julie Battilana and Matthew Lee
      Hybrid organizations that combine multiple organizational forms deviate from socially legitimate templates for organizing and thus experience unique organizing challenges. In this paper, we introduce and develop the concept of hybrid organizing, which we define as the...  View Details
      Keywords: Hybrid Organizations; Social Enterprise; Organizational Structure; Social Entrepreneurship
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      Battilana, Julie, and Matthew Lee. "Advancing Research on Hybrid Organizing—Insights from the Study of Social Enterprises." Academy of Management Annals 8 (2014): 397–441.
      • 2014
      • Article

      The Governance of Social Enterprises: Mission Drift and Accountability Challenges in Hybrid Organizations

      By: Alnoor Ebrahim, Julie Battilana and Johanna Mair
      We examine the challenges of governance facing organizations that pursue a social mission through the use of market mechanisms. These hybrid organizations, often referred to as social enterprises, combine aspects of both charity and business at their core. In this...  View Details
      Keywords: Social Enterprise; Governance; Hybrid Organizations; Nonprofit; Performance Measurement; Legal Form; Agency Theory; Stakeholder Management; Mission And Purpose; Social Enterprise; Corporate Accountability
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      Ebrahim, Alnoor, Julie Battilana, and Johanna Mair. "The Governance of Social Enterprises: Mission Drift and Accountability Challenges in Hybrid Organizations." Research in Organizational Behavior 34 (2014): 81–100.
      • 2013
      • Working Paper

      How the Zebra Got Its Stripes: Imprinting of Individuals and Hybrid Social Ventures

      By: Matthew Lee and Julie Battilana
      Hybrid organizations that combine multiple, existing organizational forms are frequently proposed as a source of organizational innovation, yet little is known about the origins of such organizations. We propose that individual founders of hybrid organizations acquire...  View Details
      Keywords: Hybrid Organizations; Imprinting; Institutional Theory; Social Entrepreneurship; Social Entrepreneurship; organizations
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      Lee, Matthew, and Julie Battilana. "How the Zebra Got Its Stripes: Imprinting of Individuals and Hybrid Social Ventures." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-005, July 2013.
      • September 2012 (Revised March 2013)
      • Case

      Entrepreneurial Finance in Finland?

      By: William R. Kerr, Ramana Nanda and Alexis Brownell
      This case describes a new venture attempting to bring early-stage entrepreneurial financing to Finland and other Nordic countries. Entrepreneurship is taking off in Finland, an area that historically has had little venture capital or high-growth start-up activity, but...  View Details
      Keywords: Angels; Angel Investors; Vc; Micro-vc; Accelerator; Incubator; Entrepreneurship; Entrepreneurial Finance; Venture Capital; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Private Equity; Business Startups; Financial Services Industry; Finland; Scandinavia; Europe
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      Kerr, William R., Ramana Nanda, and Alexis Brownell. "Entrepreneurial Finance in Finland?" Harvard Business School Case 813-068, September 2012. (Revised March 2013.)
      • Article

      In Search of the Hybrid Ideal

      By: Julie Battilana, Matthew Lee, John Walker and Cheryl Dorsey
      In the first large-scale, quantitative study of nascent social entrepreneurs, researchers from Harvard Business School and Echoing Green examine the rise of hybrid organizations that combine aspects of nonprofits and for-profits and the challenges hybrids face as they...  View Details
      Keywords: Social Entrepreneurship; Organizational Design
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      Battilana, Julie, Matthew Lee, John Walker, and Cheryl Dorsey. "In Search of the Hybrid Ideal." Stanford Social Innovation Review 10, no. 3 (Summer 2012).
      • December 2010
      • Article

      Building Sustainable Hybrid Organizations: The Case of Commercial Microfinance Organizations

      By: Julie Battilana and Silvia Dorado
      We explore how new types of hybrid organizations (organizations that combine institutional logics in unprecedented ways) can develop and maintain their hybrid nature in the absence of a "ready-to-wear" model for handling the tensions between the logics they combine....  View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Structure; Microfinance; Growth And Development Strategy; Identity; Commercialization; Balance And Stability; Policy; Recruitment; Business Model
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      Battilana, Julie, and Silvia Dorado. "Building Sustainable Hybrid Organizations: The Case of Commercial Microfinance Organizations." Academy of Management Journal 53, no. 6 (December 2010).
      • June 2007 (Revised June 2008)
      • Case

      GE's Imagination Breakthroughs: The Evo Project

      By: Christopher A. Bartlett, Brian J. Hall and Nicole Bennett
      In September 2003, Jeff Immelt challenged the business leaders at GE to come up with "Imagination Breakthroughs," innovative new projects that would serve as the centerpiece of GE's organic growth initiative. Follows the company as these changes are driven through the...  View Details
      Keywords: Innovation And Management; Leading Change; Growth And Development Strategy; Business Processes; Organizational Change And Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Environmental Sustainability; Green Technology Industry
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      Bartlett, Christopher A., Brian J. Hall, and Nicole Bennett. "GE's Imagination Breakthroughs: The Evo Project." Harvard Business School Case 907-048, June 2007. (Revised June 2008.)
      • May 1992 (Revised May 2002)
      • Case

      NIKE in Transition (B): Phil Knight Returns

      By: Christopher A. Bartlett
      After returning to the CEO/COO job, Phil Knight makes changes to Nike's strategy, organization, and management between 1983 and 1987 aimed at making Nike more responsive to the market place. He takes cost-cutting measures, and experiments with several management and...  View Details
      Keywords: Change; Entrepreneurship; Cost Management; Growth And Development Strategy; Brands And Branding; Organizational Change And Adaptation; Business Strategy
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      Bartlett, Christopher A. "NIKE in Transition (B): Phil Knight Returns." Harvard Business School Case 392-106, May 1992. (Revised May 2002.)
      • Teaching Interest

      Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation

      By: Brian L. Trelstad
      Combining the tools of philanthropy, business and advocacy (or mission, margin and mandate), social entrepreneurs have tackled long-standing societal issues like teacher training, college access, global public health, renewable energy and sanitation.  Social...  View Details
      Keywords: Innovation And Invention; organizations; Social Enterprise; Civil Society Or Community; System
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      Are you looking for?

      Harnessing Productive Tensions in Hybrid Organizations: The Case of Work Integration Social Enterprises
      ‘Hybrid’ Organizations a Difficult Bet for Entrepreneurs
      Consider two organizations with the same noble purpose: to solve the problem of poor eyesight in developing countries. The first, the Centre for...
      → Search All HBS Web
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