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      Skip to Main Content Cold Call A podcast featuring faculty discussing cases they've written and the lessons they impart. Subscribe on iTunes 29 Sep...
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      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Vertical Integration of Healthcare Providers Increases Self-Referrals and Can Reduce Downstream Competition: The Case of Hospital-Owned Skilled Nursing Facilities

      By: David Cutler, Leemore S. Dafny, David Grabowski, Steven S. Lee and Christopher Ody
      The landscape of the U.S. healthcare industry is changing dramatically as healthcare providers expand both within and across markets. While federal antitrust agencies have mounted several challenges to same-market combinations, they have not challenged any...  View Details
      Keywords: Antitrust; Health Care And Treatment; Vertical integration; Organizational Structure; Competition; Health Industry; United States
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      Cutler, David, Leemore S. Dafny, David Grabowski, Steven S. Lee, and Christopher Ody. "Vertical Integration of Healthcare Providers Increases Self-Referrals and Can Reduce Downstream Competition: The Case of Hospital-Owned Skilled Nursing Facilities." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 28305, December 2020.
      • November 2020
      • Case

      Roll-Ups and Surprise Billing: Collisions at the Intersection of Private Equity and Patient Care

      By: Trevor Fetter and Kira Seiger
      This case describes the increasing investment by private equity (PE) firms in patient care and other healthcare services. The case focuses on investments in physician staffing firms and roll-up strategy investments in physician practice management (PPM). Included in...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Acquisition; Mergers And Acquisitions; Business Model; Change; Disruption; Fluctuation; Trends; Customers; Customer Value And Value Chain; Ethics; Fairness; Finance; Equity; Insurance; Private Equity; Geography; Geographic Scope; Health; Health Care And Treatment; Markets; Demand And Consumers; Supply And Industry; Industry Structures; Ownership; Ownership Type; Private Ownership; Relationships; Agency Theory; Business And Community Relations; Business And Shareholder Relations; Business And Stakeholder Relations; Networks; Strategy; Competition; Consolidation; Expansion; integration; horizontal integration; Vertical integration; Value; Value Creation; Health Industry; Insurance Industry; United States
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      Fetter, Trevor, and Kira Seiger. "Roll-Ups and Surprise Billing: Collisions at the Intersection of Private Equity and Patient Care." Harvard Business School Case 321-049, November 2020.
      • September 2020
      • Teaching Note

      TransDigm in 2017: The Beginning of the End or the End of the Beginning?

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and Daniel Fisher
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 720-422. TransDigm was a highly acquisitive company that manufactured a wide range of highly engineered aerospace parts for both military and commercial customers. Over the ten years ending in 2016, its stock price had increase ten times,...  View Details
      Keywords: Value Capturing; Pricing Strategy; Supplier Power; Buyer Power; Porter's Five Forces; Bargaining Power; Monopoly; Aerospace; Acquisition Strategy; Value Drivers; Ethical Behavior; Regulation; Growth Strategy; Business Ethics; Defense; Procurement; Sustainability; Value-based Business Strategy; Acquisition; Ethics; Private Equity; Financial Strategy; Growth Management; Performance Evaluation; Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy; horizontal integration; Value Creation; Competitive Advantage; Aerospace Industry; Air Transportation Industry; United States
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "TransDigm in 2017: The Beginning of the End or the End of the Beginning?" Harvard Business School Teaching Note 721-353, September 2020.
      • June 2020
      • Supplement

      TransDigm in 2017: Congressional Hearing on the DoD Inspector General’s Report (5/15/19)

      By: Benjamin C. Esty
      This video accompanies the case, “TransDigm in 2017: The Beginning of the End or the End of the Beginning?”  View Details
      Keywords: Value Capturing; Pricing Strategy; Supplier Power; Buyer Power; Porter's Five Forces; Bargaining Power; Monopoly; Aerospace; Acquisition Strategy; Value Drivers; Ethical Behavior; Regulation; Growth Strategy; Business Ethics; Defense; Procurement; Sustainability; Value Based Health Care; Acquisition; Ethics; Private Equity; Financial Strategy; Growth Management; Performance Evaluation; Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy; horizontal integration; Value Creation; Competitive Advantage; Aerospace Industry; Air Transportation Industry; United States
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      Esty, Benjamin C. "TransDigm in 2017: Congressional Hearing on the DoD Inspector General’s Report (5/15/19)." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 720-856, June 2020.
      • April 2020 (Revised July 2020)
      • Supplement

      TransDigm in 2017: The Beginning of the End or the End of the Beginning?

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and Daniel Fisher
      TransDigm was a highly acquisitive company that manufactured a wide range of highly engineered aerospace parts for both military and commercial customers. Over the ten years ending in 2016, its stock price had increase ten times, and both EBITDA and revenues had grown...  View Details
      Keywords: Acquisition; Ethics; Private Equity; Financial Strategy; Growth Management; Performance Evaluation; Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy; horizontal integration; Value Creation; Competitive Advantage; Aerospace Industry; Air Transportation Industry; United States
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "TransDigm in 2017: The Beginning of the End or the End of the Beginning?" Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 720-855, April 2020. (Revised July 2020.)
      • April 2020 (Revised July 2020)
      • Case

      TransDigm in 2017: The Beginning of the End or the End of the Beginning?

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and Daniel Fisher
      TransDigm was a highly acquisitive company that manufactured a wide range of highly engineered aerospace parts for both military and commercial customers. Over the ten years ending in 2016, its stock price had increased ten times, and both EBITDA and revenues had grown...  View Details
      Keywords: Value Capturing; Pricing Strategy; Supplier Power; Buyer Power; Porter's Five Forces; Bargaining Power; Monopoly; Aerospace; Acquisition Strategy; Value Drivers; Ethical Behavior; Regulation; Growth Strategy; Business Ethics; Defense; Procurement; Sustainability; Value-based Business Strategy; Acquisition; Ethics; Private Equity; Financial Strategy; Growth Management; Performance Evaluation; Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy; horizontal integration; Value Creation; Competitive Advantage; Aerospace Industry; Air Transportation Industry; United States
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "TransDigm in 2017: The Beginning of the End or the End of the Beginning?" Harvard Business School Case 720-422, April 2020. (Revised July 2020.)
      • September 2019 (Revised September 2019)
      • Case

      Facebook Fake News in the Post-Truth World

      By: John R. Wells, Carole A. Winkler and Benjamin Weinstock
      In August 2019, Mark Zuckerberg, founder and CEO of Facebook, was surrounded by controversy. The first major storm of protest followed the surprise election of Donald Trump as President of the United States on November 8, 2016; many put the blame at the door of fake...  View Details
      Keywords: Facebook; Fake News; Mark Zuckerberg; Donald Trump; Algorithms; Social Networks; Partisanship; Social Media; App Development; Instagram; Whatsapp; Smartphone; Silicon Valley; Office Space; Digital Strategy; Democracy; Entry Barriers; Online Platforms; Controversy; Tencent; Agility; Social Networking; Gaming; Gaming Industry; Computer Games; Mobile Gaming; Messaging; Monetization Strategy; Advertising; Online Advertising; Business Ventures; Acquisition; Mergers And Acquisitions; Business Growth And Maturation; Business Headquarters; Business Organization; For-profit Firms; Trends; Communication; Communication Technology; Forms Of Communication; Interactive Communication; Interpersonal Communication; Talent And Talent Management; Crime And Corruption; Voting; Demographics; Entertainment; Games, Gaming, And Gambling; Moral Sensibility; Values And Beliefs; Initial Public Offering; Profit; Revenue; Geography; Geographic Location; Global Range; Local Range; Country; Cross-cultural And Cross-border Issues; Globalized Firms And Management; Globalized Markets And Industries; Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms; Government And Politics; International Relations; National Security; Political Elections; Business History; Recruitment; Selection And Staffing; Information Management; Information Publishing; News; Newspapers; Innovation And Management; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Knowledge Dissemination; Human Capital; Law; Leadership Development; Leadership Style; Leading Change; Business Or Company Management; Crisis Management; Goals And Objectives; Growth And Development Strategy; Growth Management; Management Practices And Processes; Management Style; Management Systems; Management Teams; Managerial Roles; Marketing Channels; Social Marketing; Network Effects; Market Entry And Exit; Market Platforms; Two-sided Platforms; Marketplace Matching; Industry Growth; Industry Structures; Monopoly; Media; Product Development; Service Delivery; Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact; Mission And Purpose; Organizational Change And Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Organizational Structure; Public Ownership; Problems And Challenges; Business And Community Relations; Business And Government Relations; Groups And Teams; Networks; Rank And Position; Opportunities; Behavior; Emotions; Identity; Power And Influence; Prejudice And Bias; Reputation; Social And Collaborative Networks; Status And Position; Trust; Society; Civil Society Or Community; Culture; Public Opinion; Social Issues; Societal Protocols; Strategy; Adaptation; Business Strategy; Commercialization; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Competitive Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Customization And Personalization; Diversification; Expansion; horizontal integration; Segmentation; Information Technology; Internet; Mobile Technology; Online Technology; Software; Technology Networks; Technology Platform; Web; Web Sites; Wireless Technology; Valuation; Advertising Industry; Communications Industry; Entertainment And Recreation Industry; Information Industry; Information Technology Industry; Journalism And News Industry; Media And Broadcasting Industry; Service Industry; Technology Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Video Game Industry; United States; California; Sunnyvale; Russia
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      Wells, John R., Carole A. Winkler, and Benjamin Weinstock. "Facebook Fake News in the Post-Truth World." Harvard Business School Case 720-373, September 2019. (Revised September 2019.)
      • November 2018 (Revised May 2019)
      • Case

      Almarai Company: Milk and Modernization in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

      By: Kristin Fabbe, Safwan Al-Amin, Esel Cekin and Natalie Kindred
      With SAR 14 billion ($3.7 billion) in 2017 revenues, Almarai was Saudi Arabia’s largest dairy producer, distributor, and marketer, with a large portfolio of branded dairy products, juices, bakery goods, and infant formula and a sales presence across the Gulf region,...  View Details
      Keywords: Dairy; Agriculture; Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia; Almarai; Schorderet; Food Security; Public Policy; Self Sufficiency; Gulf; Gcc; Business And Government; Agribusiness; Marketing; Distribution; Change Management; Leading Change; Strategy; Government And Politics; Policy; Diversification; integration; horizontal integration; Vertical integration; Food; Brands And Branding; Growth And Development Strategy; Business And Government Relations; Agriculture And Agribusiness Industry; Food And Beverage Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Saudi Arabia; Middle East
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      Fabbe, Kristin, Safwan Al-Amin, Esel Cekin, and Natalie Kindred. "Almarai Company: Milk and Modernization in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Harvard Business School Case 719-020, November 2018. (Revised May 2019.)
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 14 Introducing Open Platforms and Ecosystems

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      The purpose of this chapter is to lay the groundwork for a comprehensive theoretical investigation of open platform systems. To do this, we must first recognize that, although there is a strong family resemblance among all platform systems, there are different types of...  View Details
      Keywords: Open Platforms; Business Ecosystems; Technology; Organizational Design; Industry Structures
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 14 Introducing Open Platforms and Ecosystems." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-035, October 2018. (Revised January 2019.)
      • November 2017
      • Teaching Note

      Facebook Fake News in the Post-Truth World

      By: John R. Wells and Gabriel Ellsworth
      Teaching Note for HBS No. 717-473. In January 2017, Mark Zuckerberg, founder and CEO of Facebook, was surrounded by controversy. The election of Donald Trump as the next president of the United States in November 2016 had triggered a national storm of protests, and...  View Details
      Keywords: Facebook; Fake News; Mark Zuckerberg; Donald Trump; Algorithms; Social Networking; Social Networks; Partisanship; Social Media; App Development; Instagram; Whatsapp; Smartphone; Silicon Valley; Office Space; Digital Strategy; Democracy; Entry Barriers; Online Platforms; Controversy; Tencent; Agility; Gaming; Gaming Industry; Computer Games; Mobile Gaming; Messaging; Monetization Strategy; Advertising; Online Advertising; Business Ventures; Acquisition; Mergers And Acquisitions; Business Growth And Maturation; Business Headquarters; Business Organization; For-profit Firms; Trends; Communication; Communication Technology; Forms Of Communication; Interactive Communication; Interpersonal Communication; Talent And Talent Management; Crime And Corruption; Voting; Demographics; Entertainment; Games, Gaming, And Gambling; Moral Sensibility; Values And Beliefs; Initial Public Offering; Profit; Revenue; Geography; Geographic Location; Global Range; Local Range; Country; Cross-cultural And Cross-border Issues; Globalized Firms And Management; Globalized Markets And Industries; Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms; Government And Politics; International Relations; National Security; Political Elections; Business History; Recruitment; Selection And Staffing; Information Management; Information Publishing; News; Newspapers; Innovation And Management; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Knowledge Dissemination; Human Capital; Law; Leadership Development; Leadership Style; Leading Change; Business Or Company Management; Crisis Management; Goals And Objectives; Growth And Development Strategy; Growth Management; Management Practices And Processes; Management Style; Management Systems; Management Teams; Managerial Roles; Marketing Channels; Social Marketing; Network Effects; Market Entry And Exit; Market Platforms; Two-sided Platforms; Marketplace Matching; Industry Growth; Industry Structures; Monopoly; Media; Product Development; Service Delivery; Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact; Mission And Purpose; Organizational Change And Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Organizational Structure; Public Ownership; Problems And Challenges; Business And Community Relations; Business And Government Relations; Groups And Teams; Networks; Rank And Position; Opportunities; Behavior; Emotions; Identity; Power And Influence; Prejudice And Bias; Reputation; Social And Collaborative Networks; Status And Position; Trust; Society; Civil Society Or Community; Culture; Public Opinion; Social Issues; Societal Protocols; Strategy; Adaptation; Business Strategy; Commercialization; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Competitive Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Customization And Personalization; Diversification; Expansion; horizontal integration; Segmentation; Information Technology; Internet; Mobile Technology; Online Technology; Software; Technology Networks; Technology Platform; Web; Web Sites; Wireless Technology; Valuation; Advertising Industry; Communications Industry; Entertainment And Recreation Industry; Information Industry; Information Technology Industry; Journalism And News Industry; Media And Broadcasting Industry; Service Industry; Technology Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Video Game Industry; United States; California; Sunnyvale; Russia
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      Wells, John R., and Gabriel Ellsworth. "Facebook Fake News in the Post-Truth World." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 718-456, November 2017.
      • November 2017
      • Teaching Note

      Tencent

      By: John R. Wells and Gabriel Ellsworth
      Teaching Note for HBS No. 718-426. Tencent had undergone many transformations since it was founded in 1998 as a simple messaging service. In 2017, it was the largest online games provider in China with a wide range of game types, China’s largest social networking...  View Details
      Keywords: Tencent; Tencent Holdings; Wechat; Social Networking; Social Networks; Gaming; Gaming Industry; Video Games; Computer Games; Mobile Gaming; Portals; Payments; Mobile Payments; O2o; Online-to-offline; E-commerce; Messaging; Subscription Model; Freemium; Mobile App Industry; Smartphone; Pc; Monetization Strategy; Antitrust; Streaming; Cloud Computing; Artificial Intelligence; Big Data; Alibaba; Facebook; Jd.com; Tesla; Bundling; Synergies; Digital Strategy; Imitation; Licensing; Agility; Entry Barriers; Online Platforms; Advertising; Online Advertising; Business Ventures; Acquisition; Mergers And Acquisitions; Business Conglomerates; Business Growth And Maturation; Business Organization; For-profit Firms; Joint Ventures; Restructuring; Communication Technology; Blogs; Interactive Communication; Interpersonal Communication; Entertainment; Film Entertainment; Games, Gaming, And Gambling; Music Entertainment; Investment; Investment Portfolio; Price; Revenue; Geographic Scope; Cross-cultural And Cross-border Issues; Global Strategy; Multinational Firms And Management; Globalized Markets And Industries; Business History; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Business Or Company Management; Goals And Objectives; Growth And Development Strategy; Product Positioning; Social Marketing; Network Effects; Market Entry And Exit; Market Platforms; Two-sided Platforms; Industry Growth; Monopoly; Media; Distribution Channels; Service Delivery; Organizational Change And Adaptation; Organizational Structure; Public Ownership; Problems And Challenges; Business And Government Relations; Groups And Teams; Networks; Opportunities; Social And Collaborative Networks; Strategy; Adaptation; Business Strategy; Commercialization; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Competitive Strategy; Cooperation; Corporate Strategy; Diversification; Expansion; horizontal integration; Vertical integration; Information Technology; Internet; Mobile Technology; Online Technology; Search Technology; Software; Technology Networks; Technology Platform; Web; Web Sites; Wireless Technology; Value Creation; Emerging Markets; Product Development; Segmentation; Business Units; Communication; Profit; Communications Industry; Entertainment And Recreation Industry; Financial Services Industry; Information Industry; Information Technology Industry; Media And Broadcasting Industry; Motion Pictures And Video Industry; Music Industry; Service Industry; Technology Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Video Game Industry; Web Services Industry; Asia; China; Canton (province, China)
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      Wells, John R., and Gabriel Ellsworth. "Tencent." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 718-457, November 2017.
      • November 2017
      • Teaching Note

      Amazon.com, 2016

      By: John R. Wells and Gabriel Ellsworth
      Teaching Note for HBS No. 716-402. On January 28, 2016, Amazon announced record 2015 operating profits of $2.2 billion on $107 billion of sales, and the markets responded with cautious optimism. For years, founder and CEO Jeffrey Bezos had prioritized growth and...  View Details
      Keywords: Strategic Analysis; Retail; E-commerce; Amazon; Internet; Amazon.com; Amazonfresh; Jeff Bezos; Cloud Computing; Marketplaces; Streaming; E-reader Market; Digital Media; Mobile App; Online Retail; Shipping; Database; Tablet; Kindle; Kindle Fire; Smartphone; Delivery; Market Platforms; Two-sided Platforms; Competition; Internet; Corporate Strategy; Online Advertising; Business Growth And Maturation; Business Model; Business Organization; For-profit Firms; Film Entertainment; Games, Gaming, And Gambling; Music Entertainment; Television Entertainment; Profit; Revenue; Global Strategy; Multinational Firms And Management; Taxation; Business History; Human Resources; Resignation And Termination; Books; Human Capital; Working Conditions; Business Or Company Management; Goals And Objectives; Growth And Development Strategy; Growth Management; Management Practices And Processes; Industry Growth; Industry Structures; Media; Distribution; Distribution Channels; Order Taking And Fulfillment; Infrastructure; Logistics; Product Development; Supply Chain; Supply Chain Management; Organizational Culture; Public Ownership; Work-life Balance; Problems And Challenges; Labor And Management Relations; Strategy; Adaptation; Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Diversification; Expansion; integration; horizontal integration; Vertical integration; Hardware; Information Technology; Mobile Technology; Online Technology; Technology Networks; Technology Platform; Web; Web Sites; Price; Software; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Working Capital; Customer Focus And Relationships; Customer Value And Value Chain; Retail Industry; Advertising Industry; Distribution Industry; Electronics Industry; Entertainment And Recreation Industry; Information Technology Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Motion Pictures And Video Industry; Music Industry; Publishing Industry; Shipping Industry; Technology Industry; Video Game Industry; Web Services Industry; United States; Washington (state, Us); Seattle
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      Wells, John R., and Gabriel Ellsworth. "Amazon.com, 2016." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 718-441, November 2017.
      • September 2017
      • Case

      Tencent

      By: John R. Wells and Gabriel Ellsworth
      Tencent had undergone many transformations since it was founded in 1998 as a simple messaging service. In 2017, it was the largest online games provider in China with a wide range of game types, China’s largest social networking service provider with several of the...  View Details
      Keywords: Tencent; Tencent Holdings; Wechat; Social Networking; Social Networks; Gaming; Gaming Industry; Video Games; Computer Games; Mobile Gaming; Portals; Payments; Mobile Payments; O2o; Online-to-offline; E-commerce; Messaging; Subscription Model; Freemium; Mobile App Industry; Smartphone; Pc; Monetization Strategy; Antitrust; Streaming; Cloud Computing; Artificial Intelligence; Big Data; Alibaba; Facebook; Jd.com; Tesla; Bundling; Synergies; Digital Strategy; Imitation; Licensing; Agility; Entry Barriers; Online Platforms; Advertising; Online Advertising; Business Ventures; Acquisition; Mergers And Acquisitions; Business Conglomerates; Business Units; Business Growth And Maturation; Business Organization; For-profit Firms; Joint Ventures; Restructuring; Communication; Communication Technology; Blogs; Interactive Communication; Interpersonal Communication; Entertainment; Film Entertainment; Games, Gaming, And Gambling; Music Entertainment; Investment; Investment Portfolio; Price; Profit; Revenue; Geographic Scope; Cross-cultural And Cross-border Issues; Global Strategy; Multinational Firms And Management; Globalized Markets And Industries; Business History; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Business Or Company Management; Goals And Objectives; Growth And Development Strategy; Product Positioning; Social Marketing; Network Effects; Emerging Markets; Market Entry And Exit; Market Platforms; Two-sided Platforms; Industry Growth; Monopoly; Media; Distribution Channels; Product Development; Service Delivery; Organizational Change And Adaptation; Organizational Structure; Public Ownership; Problems And Challenges; Business And Government Relations; Groups And Teams; Networks; Opportunities; Social And Collaborative Networks; Strategy; Adaptation; Business Strategy; Commercialization; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Competitive Strategy; Cooperation; Corporate Strategy; Diversification; Expansion; horizontal integration; Vertical integration; Segmentation; Information Technology; Internet; Mobile Technology; Online Technology; Search Technology; Software; Technology Networks; Technology Platform; Web; Web Sites; Wireless Technology; Value Creation; Communications Industry; Entertainment And Recreation Industry; Financial Services Industry; Information Industry; Information Technology Industry; Media And Broadcasting Industry; Motion Pictures And Video Industry; Music Industry; Service Industry; Technology Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Video Game Industry; Web Services Industry; Asia; China; Canton (province, China)
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      Wells, John R., and Gabriel Ellsworth. "Tencent." Harvard Business School Case 718-426, September 2017.
      • 2017
      • Working Paper

      Explaining the Vertical-to-Horizontal Transition in the Computer Industry

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      This paper seeks to explain the technological forces that led to the rise of vertically integrated corporations in the late 19th century and the opposing forces that led to a vertical-to-horizontal transition in the computer industry 100 years later. I first model the...  View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Design; Business History; Vertical integration; horizontal integration; Technology Platform; Computer Industry
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Explaining the Vertical-to-Horizontal Transition in the Computer Industry." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-084, March 2017.
      • March 2017 (Revised September 2017)
      • Case

      Facebook Fake News in the Post-Truth World

      By: John R. Wells and Carole A. Winkler
      In January 2017, Mark Zuckerberg, founder and CEO of Facebook, was surrounded by controversy. The election of Donald Trump as the next president of the United States in November 2016 had triggered a national storm of protests, and many attributed Trump’s victory to...  View Details
      Keywords: Facebook; Fake News; Mark Zuckerberg; Donald Trump; Algorithms; Social Networks; Partisanship; Social Media; App Development; Instagram; Whatsapp; Smartphone; Silicon Valley; Office Space; Digital Strategy; Democracy; Entry Barriers; Online Platforms; Controversy; Tencent; Agility; Social Networking; Gaming; Gaming Industry; Computer Games; Mobile Gaming; Messaging; Monetization Strategy; Advertising; Online Advertising; Business Ventures; Acquisition; Mergers And Acquisitions; Business Growth And Maturation; Business Headquarters; Business Organization; For-profit Firms; Trends; Communication; Communication Technology; Forms Of Communication; Interactive Communication; Interpersonal Communication; Talent And Talent Management; Crime And Corruption; Voting; Demographics; Entertainment; Games, Gaming, And Gambling; Moral Sensibility; Values And Beliefs; Initial Public Offering; Profit; Revenue; Geography; Geographic Location; Global Range; Local Range; Country; Cross-cultural And Cross-border Issues; Globalized Firms And Management; Globalized Markets And Industries; Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms; Government And Politics; International Relations; National Security; Political Elections; Business History; Recruitment; Selection And Staffing; Information Management; Information Publishing; News; Newspapers; Innovation And Management; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Knowledge Dissemination; Human Capital; Law; Leadership Development; Leadership Style; Leading Change; Business Or Company Management; Crisis Management; Goals And Objectives; Growth And Development Strategy; Growth Management; Management Practices And Processes; Management Style; Management Systems; Management Teams; Managerial Roles; Marketing Channels; Social Marketing; Network Effects; Market Entry And Exit; Market Platforms; Two-sided Platforms; Marketplace Matching; Industry Growth; Industry Structures; Monopoly; Media; Product Development; Service Delivery; Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact; Mission And Purpose; Organizational Change And Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Organizational Structure; Public Ownership; Problems And Challenges; Business And Community Relations; Business And Government Relations; Groups And Teams; Networks; Rank And Position; Opportunities; Behavior; Emotions; Identity; Power And Influence; Prejudice And Bias; Reputation; Social And Collaborative Networks; Status And Position; Trust; Society; Civil Society Or Community; Culture; Public Opinion; Social Issues; Societal Protocols; Strategy; Adaptation; Business Strategy; Commercialization; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Competitive Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Customization And Personalization; Diversification; Expansion; horizontal integration; Segmentation; Information Technology; Internet; Mobile Technology; Online Technology; Software; Technology Networks; Technology Platform; Web; Web Sites; Wireless Technology; Valuation; Advertising Industry; Communications Industry; Entertainment And Recreation Industry; Information Industry; Information Technology Industry; Journalism And News Industry; Media And Broadcasting Industry; Service Industry; Technology Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Video Game Industry; United States; California; Sunnyvale; Russia
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      Wells, John R., and Carole A. Winkler. "Facebook Fake News in the Post-Truth World." Harvard Business School Case 717-473, March 2017. (Revised September 2017.)
      • January 2017
      • Case

      The Six CEOs of Tyco International Ltd.

      By: John R. Wells and Gabriel Ellsworth
      In September 2016, Johnson Controls, Inc. completed the acquisition of Tyco International PLC, a $9.9 billion business with operating profits of $884 million. The purchase consideration was $14.4 billion. Although the deal was billed as a merger, Ireland-based Tyco...  View Details
      Keywords: Tyco; Dennis Kozlowski; Edward Breen; Fire Safety; Fire Protection; Security; Packaging; Securities And Exchange Commission; Fraud; Accounting; Accounting Audits; Earnings Management; Financial Statements; Goodwill Accounting; Acquisition; Mergers And Acquisitions; Business Conglomerates; Business Divisions; Business Exit Or Shutdown; Business Growth And Maturation; Business Headquarters; Business Model; Business Organization; For-profit Firms; Restructuring; Crime And Corruption; Engineering; Applied Optics; Chemicals; Construction; Metals And Minerals; Ethics; Finance; Cash Flow; Public Equity; Stock Options; Financing And Loans; Initial Public Offering; Profit; Revenue; Geographic Location; Geographic Scope; Global Range; Globalized Firms And Management; Multinational Firms And Management; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Disclosure; Health Care And Treatment; Business History; Executive Compensation; Selection And Staffing; Courts And Trials; Lawfulness; Lawsuits And Litigation; Business Or Company Management; Goals And Objectives; Growth And Development Strategy; Market Entry And Exit; Public Ownership; Problems And Challenges; Strategy; Business Strategy; Competition; Competitive Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Consolidation; Corporate Strategy; Diversification; Expansion; horizontal integration; Value; Chemical Industry; Construction Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Electronics Industry; Energy Industry; Industrial Products Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Medical Devices And Supplies Industry; Mining Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Semiconductor Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Utilities Industry; Republic Of Ireland; Switzerland; Bermuda; United States; New Hampshire
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      Wells, John R., and Gabriel Ellsworth. "The Six CEOs of Tyco International Ltd." Harvard Business School Case 717-459, January 2017.
      • August 2015 (Revised October 2019)
      • Case

      Amazon.com, 2021

      By: John R. Wells, Benjamin Weinstock, Gabriel Ellsworth and Galen Danskin
      In February 2021, Amazon announced 2020 operating profits of $22,899 million, up from $2,233 million in 2015, on sales of $386 billion, up from $107 billion five years earlier (see Exhibit 1). The shareholders expressed their satisfaction (see Exhibit 2), but not all...  View Details
      Keywords: Strategic Analysis; Retail; E-commerce; Amazon; Internet; Amazon.com; Amazonfresh; Jeff Bezos; Cloud Computing; Marketplaces; Streaming; E-reader Market; Digital Media; Mobile App; Online Retail; Shipping; Database; Tablet; Kindle; Kindle Fire; Smartphone; Delivery; Market Platforms; Two-sided Platforms; Competition; Internet; Corporate Strategy; Online Advertising; Business Growth And Maturation; Business Model; Business Organization; For-profit Firms; Film Entertainment; Games, Gaming, And Gambling; Music Entertainment; Television Entertainment; Profit; Revenue; Global Strategy; Multinational Firms And Management; Taxation; Business History; Human Resources; Resignation And Termination; Books; Human Capital; Working Conditions; Business Or Company Management; Goals And Objectives; Growth And Development Strategy; Growth Management; Management Practices And Processes; Industry Growth; Industry Structures; Media; Distribution; Distribution Channels; Order Taking And Fulfillment; Infrastructure; Logistics; Product Development; Supply Chain; Supply Chain Management; Organizational Culture; Public Ownership; Work-life Balance; Problems And Challenges; Labor And Management Relations; Strategy; Adaptation; Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Diversification; Expansion; integration; horizontal integration; Vertical integration; Hardware; Information Technology; Mobile Technology; Online Technology; Technology Networks; Technology Platform; Web; Web Sites; Price; Software; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Working Capital; Customer Focus And Relationships; Customer Value And Value Chain; Retail Industry; Advertising Industry; Distribution Industry; Electronics Industry; Entertainment And Recreation Industry; Information Technology Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Motion Pictures And Video Industry; Music Industry; Publishing Industry; Shipping Industry; Technology Industry; Video Game Industry; Web Services Industry; United States; Washington (state, Us); Seattle
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      Wells, John R., Benjamin Weinstock, Gabriel Ellsworth, and Galen Danskin. "Amazon.com, 2021." Harvard Business School Case 716-402, August 2015. (Revised October 2019.)
      • June 2015
      • Supplement

      TAV Airports Holding (B)

      By: Juan Alcácer and Esel Çekin
      This case explores the strategic options available to TAV Airports Holding, a Turkish firm, after it withdraws from a bid to build Istanbul's newest airport. The new airport would eventually replace Istanbul Atatürk Airport, where TAV makes 43% of its current revenue,...  View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Vertical Integration; Horizontal Integration; International Expansion; Infrastructure; Emerging Markets; horizontal integration; Expansion; Vertical integration; Globalization
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      Alcácer, Juan, and Esel Çekin. "TAV Airports Holding (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 715-470, June 2015.
      • February 2015
      • Supplement

      MedCath Corporation (C)

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger, Kevin Schulman and F. Fallon Upke
      MedCath is a horizontally integrated chain of heart hospitals that partners with local cardiologists. It claims that its focus leads to better and cheaper results than those of an everything-for-everybody general hospital. Community hospitals generally vehemently...  View Details
      Keywords: Medical Specialties; Market Entry And Exit; Service Delivery; Conflict And Resolution; horizontal integration; Health Industry
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., Kevin Schulman, and F. Fallon Upke. "MedCath Corporation (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 315-018, February 2015.
      • December 2014 (Revised March 2018)
      • Case

      John D. Rockefeller: The Richest Man in the World

      By: Tom Nicholas and Vasiliki Fouka
      By the late nineteenth century scale and managerial hierarchies had extended to several major industrial sectors of the U.S. economy. Although the precise mechanisms often varied, this process mainly involved horizontal integration, some form of legal or administrative...  View Details
      Keywords: horizontal integration; Wealth; Business History; Vertical integration; Consolidation; Personal Development And Career; Energy Industry; United States
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      Nicholas, Tom, and Vasiliki Fouka. "John D. Rockefeller: The Richest Man in the World." Harvard Business School Case 815-088, December 2014. (Revised March 2018.)
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