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Publications

Publications

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  • All HBS Web  (92)
    • Faculty Publications  (18)

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    • All HBS Web  (92)
      • Faculty Publications  (18)

      Heuristics Remove Heuristics →

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      The Similarity Heuristic
      A Preference for Revision Absent Objective Improvement
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      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Cognitive Biases: Mistakes or Missing Stakes?

      By: Benjamin Enke, Uri Gneezy, Brian Hall, David Martin, Vadim Nelidov, Theo Offerman and Jeroen van de Ven
      Despite decades of research on heuristics and biases, empirical evidence on the effect of large incentives—as present in relevant economic decisions—on cognitive biases is scant. This paper tests the effect of incentives on four widely documented biases: base rate...  View Details
      Keywords: Cognitive Biases; Incentives
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      Enke, Benjamin, Uri Gneezy, Brian Hall, David Martin, Vadim Nelidov, Theo Offerman, and Jeroen van de Ven. "Cognitive Biases: Mistakes or Missing Stakes?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-102, March 2021.
      • October 2020 (Revised February 2021)
      • Exercise

      SenseAim Technologies: Pricing to Win

      By: Elie Ofek, Eyal Biyalogorsky, Marco Bertini and Oded Koenigsberg
      This exercise serves to help students understand the proper role and use of costs in a firm’s pricing decisions. The exercise is designed such that the learning of students evolves across a classroom session, starting from understanding which costs are relevant when...  View Details
      Keywords: Pricing Decisions; Cost; Information; Price; Decision Making
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      Ofek, Elie, Eyal Biyalogorsky, Marco Bertini, and Oded Koenigsberg. "SenseAim Technologies: Pricing to Win." Harvard Business School Exercise 521-049, October 2020. (Revised February 2021.)
      • March 2020
      • Article

      The Role of Numbers in the Customer Journey

      By: Shelle Santana, Manoj Thomas and Vicki Morwitz
      At each stage in customers’ journeys, they encounter different types of numeric information that they process using different judgment strategies. Relevant numbers might include budgets, price, product attributes, product counts, product ratings, numbers in brand...  View Details
      Keywords: Numbers; Heuristics; Numerical Cognition; Pricing; Customer Journey; Information; Consumer Behavior
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      Santana, Shelle, Manoj Thomas, and Vicki Morwitz. "The Role of Numbers in the Customer Journey." Journal of Retailing 96, no. 1 (March 2020): 138–154.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Impact Investing: A Theory of Financing Social Entrepreneurship

      By: Benjamin N. Roth
      I present a model of financing social enterprises to delineate the role of impact investors relative to “pure” philanthropists. I characterize the optimal scale and structure of a social enterprise when financed by grants and when financed by investments. The analysis...  View Details
      Keywords: Impact Investing; Social Entrepreneurship; Finance; Investment; Mathematical Methods
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      Roth, Benjamin N. "Impact Investing: A Theory of Financing Social Entrepreneurship." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-078, February 2020.
      • Article

      Signaling When Nobody Is Watching: A Reputation Heuristics Account of Outrage and Punishment in One-shot Anonymous Interactions

      By: Jillian J. Jordan and David G. Rand
      Moralistic punishment can confer reputation benefits by signaling trustworthiness to observers. However, why do people punish even when nobody is watching? We argue that people often rely on the heuristic that reputation is typically at stake, such that reputation...  View Details
      Keywords: Signaling; Morality; Trustworthiness; Anger; Third-party Punishment; Moral Sensibility; Behavior; Trust; Reputation
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      Jordan, Jillian J., and David G. Rand. "Signaling When Nobody Is Watching: A Reputation Heuristics Account of Outrage and Punishment in One-shot Anonymous Interactions." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 118, no. 1 (January 2020).
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Memory and Representativeness

      By: Pedro Bordalo, Katherine Baldiga Coffman, Nicola Gennaioli, Frederik Schwerter and Andrei Shleifer
      We explore the idea that judgment by representativeness reflects the workings of episodic memory, especially interference. In a new laboratory experiment on cued recall, participants are shown two groups of images with different distributions of colors. We find that i)...  View Details
      Keywords: Judgments; Cognition and Thinking
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      Bordalo, Pedro, Katherine Baldiga Coffman, Nicola Gennaioli, Frederik Schwerter, and Andrei Shleifer. "Memory and Representativeness." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 25692, March 2019. (Revised January 2020.)
      • November 2016
      • Article

      Stereotypes

      By: Pedro Bordalo, Katherine Baldiga Coffman, Nicola Gennaioli and Andrei Shleifer
      We present a model of stereotypes based on Kahneman and Tversky's representativeness heuristic. A decision maker assesses a target group by overweighting its representative types, which we formally define to be the types that occur more frequently in that group than in...  View Details
      Keywords: Prejudice and Bias
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      Bordalo, Pedro, Katherine Baldiga Coffman, Nicola Gennaioli, and Andrei Shleifer. "Stereotypes." Quarterly Journal of Economics 131, no. 4 (November 2016): 1753–1794.
      • 2016
      • Other Teaching and Training Material

      Organizational Behavior Reading: Decision Making

      By: Francesca Gino, Max Bazerman and Katherine Shonk
      This Reading argues that decision making is systematically flawed and introduces methods to improve decision-making effectiveness. The Essential Reading section covers the rational decision-making model and three important ideas that challenge it: Herbert Simon's...  View Details
      Keywords: Game Theory; Decision Making
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      Gino, Francesca, Max Bazerman, and Katherine Shonk. "Organizational Behavior Reading: Decision Making." Core Curriculum Readings Series. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Publishing 8383, 2016. Electronic.
      • 2015
      • Chapter

      How Leaders Use Values-based Guidance Systems to Create Dynamic Capabilities

      By: Rosabeth M. Kanter, Matthew Bird, Ethan Bernstein and Ryan Raffaelli
      How do strategic leaders create change-adept organizations? Based on qualitative field research, this chapter argues that well-defined institutionalized purpose, values, and principles act as an organizational guidance system that integrates and strengthens the...  View Details
      Keywords: Dynamic Capabilities; Field Research; Intrinsic Motivation; Organizational Identity; Ecosystem; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Mission and Purpose; Motivation and Incentives; Research; Management Systems; Change
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      Kanter, Rosabeth M., Matthew Bird, Ethan Bernstein, and Ryan Raffaelli. "How Leaders Use Values-based Guidance Systems to Create Dynamic Capabilities." Chap. 2 in The Oxford Handbook of Dynamic Capabilities, edited by David J. Teece and Sohvi Leih. Oxford University Press, 2015. Electronic.
      • Article

      Heuristics Guide the Implementation of Social Preferences in One-Shot Prisoner's Dilemma Experiments

      By: Jillian J. Jordan, Valerio Capraro and David G. Rand
      Cooperation in one-shot anonymous interactions is a widely documented aspect of human behavior. Here we shed light on the motivations behind this behavior by experimentally exploring cooperation in a one-shot continuous-strategy Prisoner’s Dilemma (i.e. one-shot...  View Details
      Keywords: Human Behavior; Social Evolution; Behavior; Cooperation; Decision Making; Game Theory
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      Jordan, Jillian J., Valerio Capraro, and David G. Rand. "Heuristics Guide the Implementation of Social Preferences in One-Shot Prisoner's Dilemma Experiments." Art. 6790. Scientific Reports 4 (2014).
      • May 2013
      • Article

      From Russia with Love: The Impact of Relocated Firms on Incumbent Survival

      By: Oliver Falck, Christina Guenther, Stephan Heblich and William R. Kerr
      We identify the impact of local firm concentration on incumbent performance with a quasi-natural experiment. When Germany was divided after World War II, many firms in the machine tool industry fled the Soviet occupied zone to prevent expropriation. We show that the...  View Details
      Keywords: Geographic Location; Competition; Supply and Industry; Labor; West Germany; Soviet Union
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      Falck, Oliver, Christina Guenther, Stephan Heblich, and William R. Kerr. "From Russia with Love: The Impact of Relocated Firms on Incumbent Survival." Journal of Economic Geography 13, no. 3 (May 2013): 419–449.
      • August 2011
      • Article

      Coming Clean and Cleaning Up: Does Voluntary Self-Reporting Indicate Effective Self-Policing

      By: Michael W. Toffel and Jodi L. Short
      Regulatory agencies are increasingly establishing voluntary self-reporting programs both as an investigative tool and to encourage regulated firms to commit to policing themselves. We investigate whether voluntary self-reporting can reliably indicate effective...  View Details
      Keywords: Environmental Sustainability; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Programs; Governance Compliance; Corporate Disclosure; Law Enforcement
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      Toffel, Michael W., and Jodi L. Short. "Coming Clean and Cleaning Up: Does Voluntary Self-Reporting Indicate Effective Self-Policing." Journal of Law & Economics 54, no. 3 (August 2011): 609–649.
      • Article

      From Thinking Too Little to Thinking Too Much: A Continuum of Decision Making.

      By: Dan Ariely and Michael I. Norton
      Due to the sheer number and variety of decisions that people make in their everyday lives-from choosing yogurts to choosing religions to choosing spouses-research in judgment and decision making has taken many forms. We suggest, however, that much of this research has...  View Details
      Keywords: Decision Making; Cognition and Thinking; Judgments; Research; Problems and Challenges
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      Ariely, Dan, and Michael I. Norton. "From Thinking Too Little to Thinking Too Much: A Continuum of Decision Making." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science 2, no. 1 (January–February 2011): 39–46.
      • Article

      A Learning Perspective on Intraorganizational Knowledge Spill-Ins

      By: James Oldroyd and Ranjay Gulati
      This exploratory study examines the role of intraorganizational knowledge spill-ins in the process of inferential learning. Drawing on the notions of knowledge reliability (the creation of shared meanings) and validity (understandings of cause and effect), we explore...  View Details
      Keywords: Learning; Perspective; Knowledge; Business Units; Organizations
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      Oldroyd, James, and Ranjay Gulati. "A Learning Perspective on Intraorganizational Knowledge Spill-Ins." Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal 4, no. 4 (December 2010): 356–372.
      • Article

      Marginality and Problem-Solving Effectiveness in Broadcast Search

      By: Lars Bo Jeppesen and Karim R. Lakhani
      We examine who the winners are in science problem-solving contests characterized by open broadcast of problem information, self-selection of external solvers to discrete problems from the laboratories of large R&D intensive companies, and blind review of solution...  View Details
      Keywords: Competition; Open Source Distribution; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Markets; Independent Innovation and Invention; Problems and Challenges; Research and Development; Gender; Science
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      Jeppesen, Lars Bo, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Marginality and Problem-Solving Effectiveness in Broadcast Search." Organization Science 21, no. 5 (September–October 2010): 1016–1033.
      • 1999
      • Article

      Effects of Instructional Style on Problem-Solving Creativity

      By: A. M. Ruscio and T. M. Amabile
      This study sought to determine the impact of 2 differing instructional approaches on creative problem-solving performance. Eighty-two college students completed a novel structure-building task after receiving algorithmic instruction (providing a rote, step-by-step...  View Details
      Keywords: Training; Creativity; Cognition and Thinking; Performance; Learning
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      Ruscio, A. M., and T. M. Amabile. "Effects of Instructional Style on Problem-Solving Creativity." Creativity Research Journal 12, no. 4 (1999): 251–266.
      • 1994
      • Chapter

      Biases and Rationality in the Mediation Process

      By: K. Gibson, L. L. Thompson and M. H. Bazerman
      Keywords: Negotiation Process; Negotiation Style; Prejudice and Bias; Attitudes
      Citation
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      Gibson, K., L. L. Thompson, and M. H. Bazerman. "Biases and Rationality in the Mediation Process." In Applications of Heuristics and Biases to Social Issues. Vol. 3, edited by L. Heath, F. Bryant, J. Edwards, E. Henderson, J. Myers, E. Posavac, Y. Suarez-Balcazar, and R. S. Tindale. Social Psychological Applications to Social Issues. New York: Plenum Press, 1994.
      • 1982
      • Chapter

      Informal Covariation Assessment: Data-based vs. Theory-based Judgements

      By: D. Jennings, T. M. Amabile and L. D. Ross
      Keywords: Mathematical Methods
      Citation
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      Jennings, D., T. M. Amabile, and L. D. Ross. "Informal Covariation Assessment: Data-based vs. Theory-based Judgements." In Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases, edited by D. Kahneman, P. Slovic, and A. Tversky. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
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