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    • Faculty Publications  (19)

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    • All HBS Web  (151)
      • Faculty Publications  (19)

      Great Depression Remove Great Depression →

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      • November 2021 (Revised January 2023)
      • Case

      The Global Great Depression, 1929-1939

      By: Alberto Cavallo, Sophus A. Reinert and Federica Gabrieli
      The Great Depression was, by far, the worst economic contraction of the twentieth century, and some of the most important ideas about both fiscal and monetary policy in the second half of the century were developed in response to it. The economic collapse, which...  View Details
      Keywords: Great Depression; Economic Conditions; Unemployment; Homelessness; Financial Crisis; History; Economy; Policy; Poverty; Social Issues; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation
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      Cavallo, Alberto, Sophus A. Reinert, and Federica Gabrieli. "The Global Great Depression, 1929-1939." Harvard Business School Case 722-034, November 2021. (Revised January 2023.)
      • October 2018 (Revised January 2019)
      • Case

      The Financial Crisis: Hank Paulson in 2008

      By: Adi Sunderam, Robin Greenwood, Sam Hanson and David Scharfstein
      On the afternoon of Monday October 13, 2008, Hank Paulson Jr., the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, walked into the large conference room across the hall from his office in the Treasury Department. Joining him were Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke,...  View Details
      Keywords: Bailout; Regulation; Financial Crisis; History; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Decision Making; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; Real Estate Industry; United States
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      Sunderam, Adi, Robin Greenwood, Sam Hanson, and David Scharfstein. "The Financial Crisis: Hank Paulson in 2008." Harvard Business School Case 219-037, October 2018. (Revised January 2019.)
      • Article

      (Mis)perceptions of Inequality

      By: Oliver P. Hauser and Michael I. Norton
      Inequality is arguably the defining societal issue of the 21st century. The debate over “who gets what’ underlies policy debates ranging from taxation to health care to wages and permeates society at all levels, attracting increasing interest from policymakers,...  View Details
      Keywords: Equality and Inequality; Wealth and Poverty; Perception; Society; Policy
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      Hauser, Oliver P., and Michael I. Norton. "(Mis)perceptions of Inequality." Special Issue on Inequality and Social Class. Current Opinion in Psychology 18 (December 2017): 21–25.
      • Article

      The Economy of Fear: H.P. Lovecraft on Eugenics, Economics and the Great Depression

      By: Sophus A. Reinert
      The early twentieth-century weird writer Howard Phillips Lovecraft is today best remembered for his genre defining style of academic noir pulp fiction. Yet in focusing on certain tropes of his work, such as the many memorable monsters he created to populate his...  View Details
      Keywords: H.P. Lovecraft; Society; Economics
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      Reinert, Sophus A. "The Economy of Fear: H.P. Lovecraft on Eugenics, Economics and the Great Depression." Horror Studies 6, no. 2 (October 2015): 255–282.
      • Article

      Did Bank Distress Stifle Innovation During the Great Depression?

      By: Ramana Nanda and Tom Nicholas
      We find a negative relationship between bank distress and the level, quality, and trajectory of firm-level innovation during the Great Depression, particularly for R&D firms operating in capital intensive industries. However, we also show that because a sufficient...  View Details
      Keywords: Great Depression; R&D; Bank Distress; Patents; Research and Development; Financial Crisis; Banks and Banking; Innovation and Invention; Banking Industry; United States
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      Nanda, Ramana, and Tom Nicholas. "Did Bank Distress Stifle Innovation During the Great Depression?" Journal of Financial Economics 114, no. 2 (November 2014): 273–292.
      • 2013
      • Book

      Fortune Tellers: The Story of America's First Economic Forecasters

      By: Walter A. Friedman
      The period leading up to the Great Depression witnessed the rise of the economic forecasters, pioneers who sought to use the tools of science to predict the future, with the aim of profiting from their forecasts. This book chronicles the lives and careers of the men...  View Details
      Keywords: Forecasting And Prediction; Economic History; Economics; History; Risk and Uncertainty; United States
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      Friedman, Walter A. Fortune Tellers: The Story of America's First Economic Forecasters. Princeton University Press, 2013.
      • 2013
      • Working Paper

      Bank Failures and Output During the Great Depression

      By: Jeffrey Miron and Natalia Rigol
      In response to the Financial Crisis of 2008, macroeconomic policymakers employed a range of tools designed to prevent failures of large, complex financial institutions (“banks”). The Treasury and the Fed justified these actions by arguing that bank failures exacerbate...  View Details
      Keywords: History; Policy; Financial Crisis; Financial Institutions; Failure
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      Miron, Jeffrey, and Natalia Rigol. "Bank Failures and Output During the Great Depression." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 19418, August 2013.
      • Summer 2013
      • Article

      Real Estate Prices During the Roaring Twenties and the Great Depression

      By: Tom Nicholas and Anna Scherbina
      Using new data on market-based transactions we construct real estate price indexes for Manhattan between 1920 and 1939. During the 1920s prices reached their highest level in the third quarter of 1929 before falling by 67% at the end of 1932 and hovering around that...  View Details
      Keywords: Property; Market Transactions; Price; Value; Financial Crisis; Investment; Real Estate Industry; New York (state, US)
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      Nicholas, Tom, and Anna Scherbina. "Real Estate Prices During the Roaring Twenties and the Great Depression." Real Estate Economics 41, no. 2 (Summer 2013): 278–309.
      • October 2012 (Revised July 2014)
      • Background Note

      The Role of the Government in the Early Development of American Venture Capital

      By: Josh Lerner and Tom Nicholas
      Whether the government or markets, or a mixture of both, can provide efficient and effective incentives for encouraging entrepreneurial activity and new venture financing is an age-old question. Public promotion efforts are controversial and in most cases they tend to...  View Details
      Keywords: Venture Capital; Business and Government Relations; United States
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      Lerner, Josh, and Tom Nicholas. "The Role of the Government in the Early Development of American Venture Capital." Harvard Business School Background Note 813-096, October 2012. (Revised July 2014.)
      • 2013
      • Working Paper

      Did Bank Distress Stifle Innovation During the Great Depression?

      By: Ramana Nanda and Tom Nicholas
      We find a negative relationship between bank distress and the level, quality and trajectory of firm-level innovation during the Great Depression, particularly for R&D firms operating in capital intensive industries. However, we also show that because a sufficient...  View Details
      Keywords: Great Depression; R&D; Bank Distress; Patents; Research and Development; Financial Crisis; Innovation and Invention; Banks and Banking; Banking Industry; United States
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      Nanda, Ramana, and Tom Nicholas. "Did Bank Distress Stifle Innovation During the Great Depression?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-106, May 2012. (Revised October 2013. Revise and Resubmit, Journal of Financial Economics.)
      • June 2010 (Revised January 2019)
      • Case

      The Guggenheims and Chilean Nitrates

      By: Geoffrey Jones and Felipe Tamega Fernandes
      The case describes the growth of Guggenheim Brothers as one of the largest mining companies in the world in the early twentieth century. Global expansion led the firm to Chile, first in copper and later in natural nitrates. Chile's economic growth was driven by the...  View Details
      Keywords: History; Venture Capital; Business History; Entrepreneurship; Globalization; Foreign Direct Investment; Financial Crisis; Mining Industry; Chile
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      Jones, Geoffrey, and Felipe Tamega Fernandes. "The Guggenheims and Chilean Nitrates." Harvard Business School Case 810-141, June 2010. (Revised January 2019.)
      • April 2009 (Revised June 2010)
      • Case

      U.S. Subprime Mortgage Crisis: Policy Reactions (B)

      By: Laura Alfaro and Renee Kim
      In March 2009, the U.S. economy was in a severe recession not seen since the Great Depression after the subprime mortgage crisis had spiraled out of control. The situation had dramatically changed in one year since the Federal Reserve Board had helped to bailout...  View Details
      Keywords: Financial Crisis; Central Banking; Mortgages; Globalized Economies and Regions; Policy; United States
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Renee Kim. "U.S. Subprime Mortgage Crisis: Policy Reactions (B)." Harvard Business School Case 709-045, April 2009. (Revised June 2010.)
      • January 2008 (Revised July 2009)
      • Case

      Forecasting the Great Depression

      By: Walter A. Friedman
      What is proper role of professional economic forecasting in financial decision making? The case presents excerpts from three leading economic forecasters on the eve of, and just after, the stock market crash of October 1929. The first set of excerpts is from Roger...  View Details
      Keywords: History; Mathematical Methods; Personal Development and Career; Forecasting and Prediction; Financial Crisis
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      Friedman, Walter A. "Forecasting the Great Depression." Harvard Business School Case 708-046, January 2008. (Revised July 2009.)
      • 2007
      • Working Paper

      The Seer of Wellesley Hills: Roger Babson and the Babson Statistical Organization

      By: Walter A. Friedman
      Roger Babson was a pioneer of the business-forecasting industry in the United States in the early twentieth century. He built the largest private economic forecasting agency in the period and published a great range of economic statistics in his weekly newsletters. As...  View Details
      Keywords: Forecasting and Prediction; Economics; Business History; Newsletters; Personal Development and Career; United States
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      Friedman, Walter A. "The Seer of Wellesley Hills: Roger Babson and the Babson Statistical Organization." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-036, November 2007.
      • August 2007 (Revised June 2020)
      • Case

      Trouble with a Bubble

      By: Tom Nicholas
      Examines technology, firm performance, and the stock market during the 1929 Great Crash and the Great Depression of the 1930s. The 1920s was an extraordinary period of technological progress marked by a strong run-up in stock market prices. Firms invested heavily in...  View Details
      Keywords: Bubble; Stock Market; Great Depression; Irving Fisher; Information Technology; Organizational Change and Adaptation; History; Financial Markets; Performance; Labor and Management Relations; Equity; Financial Crisis; Innovation and Invention; United States
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      Nicholas, Tom. "Trouble with a Bubble." Harvard Business School Case 808-067, August 2007. (Revised June 2020.)
      • April 1999
      • Article

      Diversification Strategies of British Trading Companies: Harrisons & Crosfield c1900-c1980

      By: G. Jones and Judith Wale
      This article examines the diversification strategies and organisational competencies of Harrisons & Crosfield, a British-based multinational, between 1900 and 1980. There is an accumulating body of case study evidence on the historical evolution of British...  View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Diversification; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Competency and Skills; Great Britain
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      Jones, G., and Judith Wale. "Diversification Strategies of British Trading Companies: Harrisons & Crosfield c1900-c1980." Business History 41, no. 2 (April 1999): 69–101.
      • December 1998 (Revised January 1999)
      • Compilation

      Explaining the Great Depression

      By: David A. Moss and Joseph P Gownder
      Although the Great Depression stands as the most punishing economic event of the 20th century, there is still remarkably little consensus about its causes. This case presents a number of prominent explanations including those of Franklin D. Roosevelt, John Maynard...  View Details
      Keywords: History; Financial Crisis; Theory; Economics
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      Moss, David A., and Joseph P Gownder. "Explaining the Great Depression." Harvard Business School Compilation 799-067, December 1998. (Revised January 1999.)
      • November 1997 (Revised June 2006)
      • Case

      Herbert Hoover (A)

      By: Louis T. Wells Jr.
      Presents a character sketch of Herbert Hoover, along with Hoover's views on the cause of the Great Depression of the 1930s. Illustrates the political economy of the period and presents different interpretations of the course of the Great Depression. A rewritten version...  View Details
      Keywords: Economy; Financial Crisis; Government and Politics; Identity; Perspective
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      Wells, Louis T., Jr. "Herbert Hoover (A)." Harvard Business School Case 798-041, November 1997. (Revised June 2006.)
      • November 1997
      • Case

      Herbert Hoover (B)

      By: Louis T. Wells Jr.
      Presents a character sketch of Herbert Hoover, along with Hoover's views on the cause of the Great Depression of the 1930s. Illustrates the political economy of the period and presents different interpretations of the course of the Great Depression. A rewritten version...  View Details
      Keywords: Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Financial Crisis; Government and Politics; Personal Characteristics
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      Wells, Louis T., Jr. "Herbert Hoover (B)." Harvard Business School Case 798-042, November 1997.
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