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- 2023
- Working Paper
Is Pay Transparency Good?
By: Zoë Cullen
Countries around the world are designing pay transparency policies with the intention of combating pay discrimination. Are these policies working as intended? Most focus on revealing pay gaps between co-workers within a firm, with the goal of arming workers with...
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Keywords:
Pay Transparency;
Trends;
Transition;
Communication Strategy;
Wages;
Policy;
Europe;
North America;
Australia
Cullen, Zoë. "Is Pay Transparency Good?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-039, January 2023.
- 2022
- Chapter
The Origins of the Developmental State: The European Experience
Book Abstract: There has been a major revival of interest in State Capitalism: what it is, where it is found, and why it is seemingly becoming more ubiquitous. As a concept, it has evolved from radical critiques of the Soviet Union, to being deployed by neo-liberals to...
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Keywords:
State Capitalism;
History;
Macroeconomics;
Developing Countries and Economies;
Economic Systems;
Europe
Reinert, Sophus A. "The Origins of the Developmental State: The European Experience." Chap. 3 in The Oxford Handbook of State Capitalism and the Firm, edited by Mike Wright, Geoffrey T. Wood, Alvaro Cuervo-Cazurra, Pei Sun, Ilya Okhmatovskiy, and Anna Grosman, 53–77. Oxford University Press, 2022.
- 2022
- Working Paper
Banking on Transparency for the Poor: Experimental Evidence from India
By: Erica M. Field, Natalia Rigol, Charity M. Troyer Moore, Rohini Pande and Simone G. Schaner
Do information frictions limit the benefits of financial inclusion drives for the rural poor? We evaluate an experimental intervention among recently banked poor Indian women receiving government cash transfers via direct deposit. Treated women were provided automated...
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Field, Erica M., Natalia Rigol, Charity M. Troyer Moore, Rohini Pande, and Simone G. Schaner. "Banking on Transparency for the Poor: Experimental Evidence from India." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30289, July 2022.
- February 18, 2022
- Article
Transparency as a Solution for COVID-19 Related Hospital Capacity Issues
By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Richard Boxer
In the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, many U.S. hospitals could not provide an adequate supply of beds to meet demand. Solving the problem of hospital bed capacity is of great importance in the “new normal,” which requires recognizing that SARS-CoV-2 is but...
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Keywords:
COVID;
COVID-19 Pandemic;
Health Care;
Health Care Demand;
Health Care Delivery;
Health Care Industry;
Health Care Operations;
Health Care Policy;
Transparency;
Hospital;
Hospital Management;
Hospitals;
Health Pandemics;
Health Care and Treatment;
Service Delivery;
Operations;
Performance Capacity;
Policy;
Health Industry
Herzlinger, Regina E., and Richard Boxer. "Transparency as a Solution for COVID-19 Related Hospital Capacity Issues." Health Affairs Forefront (February 18, 2022).
- October 2021
- Article
Shareholder Activism and Firms' Voluntary Disclosure of Climate Change Risks
By: Caroline Flammer, Michael W. Toffel and Kala Viswanathan
This paper examines whether—in the absence of mandated disclosure requirements—shareholder activism can elicit greater disclosure of firms’ exposure to climate change risks. We find that environmental shareholder activism increases the voluntary disclosure of climate...
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Keywords:
Transparency;
Reporting;
Shareholder Engagement;
Shareholder Activism;
Climate Change;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Environmental Management;
Investment Activism;
Corporate Disclosure;
Communication Strategy;
Information Publishing;
Measurement and Metrics;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Problems and Challenges;
United States
Flammer, Caroline, Michael W. Toffel, and Kala Viswanathan. "Shareholder Activism and Firms' Voluntary Disclosure of Climate Change Risks." Strategic Management Journal 42, no. 10 (October 2021): 1850–1879. (Featured in Harvard Business Review.)
- 2021
- Working Paper
Governance Transparency and Firm Value: Evidence from Korean Chaebols
By: Akash Chattopadhyay, Sa-Pyung Sean Shin and Charles C.Y. Wang
We examine Korean business groups' transition from circular-shareholding structures to (relatively simple) pyramidal-shareholding structures between 2011 and 2018. When firms were removed from ownership loops, chaebol families' control or incentive conflicts in them...
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Keywords:
Business Groups;
Cross Shareholding;
Circular Shareholding;
Pyramidal Ownership;
Governance Transparency;
Ownership Transparency;
Earnings Response Coefficient;
Business Conglomerates;
Corporate Governance;
Valuation;
Business Earnings
Chattopadhyay, Akash, Sa-Pyung Sean Shin, and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Governance Transparency and Firm Value: Evidence from Korean Chaebols." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-012, September 2021. (Revised November 2021.)
- Article
The Harmonization of Lending Standards within Banks through Mandated Loan-Level Transparency
By: Jung Koo Kang, Maria Loumioti and Regina Wittenberg-Moerman
We explore whether the introduction of transparent reporting rules increases credit standard harmonization within a bank. We exploit the new loan-level reporting rules imposed on banks that borrow from the European Central Bank using repurchase agreements...
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Keywords:
Transparency;
External And Internal Reporting;
Credit Term Harmonization;
Regulatory Scrutiny;
Banks and Banking;
Credit;
Financial Reporting;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Learning
Kang, Jung Koo, Maria Loumioti, and Regina Wittenberg-Moerman. "The Harmonization of Lending Standards within Banks through Mandated Loan-Level Transparency." Journal of Accounting & Economics 72, no. 1 (August 2021): 101386.
- 2021
- Working Paper
The Changing Role of Business in Society
Business interaction with the U.S. government, historically based on securing industry or company special interests at the expense of the public good, has enabled and furthered government dysfunction. Gridlock within the American political system has precluded the...
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Keywords:
Politics;
Shared Value;
Social Progress Index;
Competitiveness;
Walmart;
BlackRock;
ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance;
ESG;
Transparency;
Campaign Contributions;
Campaign Finance;
Lobbying;
Revolving Door;
Political Ideology;
Political Parties;
Political Partisanship;
Government And Business;
Government Innovation;
Elections;
Democracy;
Capitalism;
Stakeholder Capitalism;
Shareholder Engagement;
Competition;
Strategy;
Government and Politics;
Society;
Social Issues;
Human Needs;
Wealth and Poverty;
Business and Community Relations;
Business and Government Relations;
Corporate Accountability;
Financial Services Industry;
Banking Industry;
United States
Porter, Michael E. "The Changing Role of Business in Society." Working Paper, July 2021.
- July 2021
- Article
Invisible Inequality Leads to Punishing the Poor and Rewarding the Rich
By: Oliver P. Hauser, Gordon T. Kraft-Todd, David Rand, Martin A. Nowak and Michael I. Norton
Four experiments examine how the lack of awareness of inequality affects behaviour towards the rich and poor. In Experiment 1, participants who became aware that wealthy individuals donated a smaller percentage of their income switched from rewarding the wealthy to...
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Keywords:
Income Transparency;
Income;
Wealth;
Equality and Inequality;
Knowledge;
Behavior;
Outcome or Result;
Society;
Policy
Hauser, Oliver P., Gordon T. Kraft-Todd, David Rand, Martin A. Nowak, and Michael I. Norton. "Invisible Inequality Leads to Punishing the Poor and Rewarding the Rich." Behavioural Public Policy 5, no. 3 (July 2021): 333–353.
- July–August 2021
- Article
Surfacing the Submerged State: Operational Transparency Increases Trust in and Engagement with Government
By: Ryan W. Buell, Ethan Porter and Michael I. Norton
Problem definition: As trust in government reaches historic lows, frustration with government performance approaches record highs.
Academic/practical relevance: We propose that in co-productive settings like government services, peoples’ trust and...
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Keywords:
Government Services;
Behavioral Operations;
Operational Transparency;
Government Administration;
Service Operations;
Programs;
Perception;
Attitudes;
Behavior;
Trust
Buell, Ryan W., Ethan Porter, and Michael I. Norton. "Surfacing the Submerged State: Operational Transparency Increases Trust in and Engagement with Government." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 23, no. 4 (July–August 2021): 781–802.
- 2021
- Working Paper
Proxy Advisory Firms and Corporate Shareholder Engagement
By: Aiyesha Dey, Joshua White and Austin Starkweather
We examine the influence of proxy advisors on firms’ shareholder engagement behavior. Our analyses exploit a quasi-natural experiment using Say-On-Pay voting outcomes near a threshold that triggers a review of engagement activities by Institutional Shareholder Services...
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Keywords:
Proxy Advisors;
ISS;
Shareholder Engagement;
Disclosure;
Business and Shareholder Relations;
Executive Compensation;
Corporate Disclosure
Dey, Aiyesha, Joshua White, and Austin Starkweather. "Proxy Advisory Firms and Corporate Shareholder Engagement." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-137, June 2021. (Revised February 2022.)
- June 2021
- Case
Building the Governance to Take Capital SAFI to the Next Level
By: V.G. Narayanan, Asis Martinez Jerez and Mariana Cal
Asset management firm Capital SAFI wanted to attract new strategic investors and expand to other countries. Having the right corporate governance in place was critical to achieve this goal.
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Keywords:
Board Of Directors;
Transparency;
Sustainable Finance;
South America;
Latin America;
Corporate Governance;
Governance Controls;
Governing and Advisory Boards;
Business Organization;
Corporate Strategy;
Transformation;
Investment Funds;
Financial Services Industry;
Bolivia;
South America;
Latin America
Narayanan, V.G., Asis Martinez Jerez, and Mariana Cal. "Building the Governance to Take Capital SAFI to the Next Level." Harvard Business School Case 121-088, June 2021.
- 2021
- Working Paper
Equilibrium Effects of Pay Transparency
By: Zoë B. Cullen and Bobak Pakzad-Hurson
The public discourse around pay transparency has focused on the direct effect: how workers seek
to rectify newly-disclosed pay inequities through renegotiations. The question of how wage-setting
and hiring practices of the firm respond in equilibrium has received...
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- Article
Is ‘Not Guilty’ the Same as ‘Innocent’? Evidence from SEC Financial Fraud Investigations
By: Eugene F. Soltes and David H. Solomon
When the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) investigates firms for financial fraud, investors learn about the investigation only if managers disclose it, or regulators sanction the firm. We investigate the effects of such disclosures using confidential records on...
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Soltes, Eugene F., and David H. Solomon. "Is ‘Not Guilty’ the Same as ‘Innocent’? Evidence from SEC Financial Fraud Investigations." Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 18, no. 2 (June 2021): 287–327.
- 2021
- Article
To Thine Own Self Be True? Incentive Problems in Personalized Law
By: Jordan M. Barry, John William Hatfield and Scott Duke Kominers
Recent years have seen an explosion of scholarship on “personalized law.” Commentators foresee a world in which regulators armed with big data and machine learning techniques determine the optimal legal rule for every regulated party, then instantaneously disseminate...
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Keywords:
Personalized Law;
Regulation;
Regulatory Avoidance;
Regulatory Arbitrage;
Law And Economics;
Law And Technology;
Law And Artificial Intelligence;
Futurism;
Moral Hazard;
Elicitation;
Signaling;
Privacy;
Law;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Information Technology;
AI and Machine Learning
Barry, Jordan M., John William Hatfield, and Scott Duke Kominers. "To Thine Own Self Be True? Incentive Problems in Personalized Law." Art. 2. William & Mary Law Review 62, no. 3 (2021).
- April 22, 2021
- Article
Shareholders Are Pressing for Climate Risk Disclosures. That's Good for Everyone
By: Caroline Flammer, Michael W. Toffel and Kala Viswanathan
Does shareholder activism induce firms to voluntarily disclose climate change risks? And how do markets respond to these disclosures? New research finds that the extent of climate-risk disclosure increases by approximately 4.6% for each environment-related proposal...
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Keywords:
Reporting;
Transparency;
Activism;
Shareholder Activism;
Shareholder Engagement;
Climate Change;
Corporate Disclosure;
Investment Activism;
Business and Shareholder Relations
Flammer, Caroline, Michael W. Toffel, and Kala Viswanathan. "Shareholders Are Pressing for Climate Risk Disclosures. That's Good for Everyone." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (April 22, 2021).
- January–February 2021
- Article
Food and Drug Administration Guidance Documents and New Medical Devices: The Case of Breast Prostheses
By: Rachel E. Weitzman, Ariel Dora Stern and Daniel B. Kramer
As pressure mounts on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to speed its review process for novel devices, and budgetary pressures further strain its resources, the critical role of guidance documents in assuring consistent, rigorous, and scientifically grounded...
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Keywords:
Medical Devices;
FDA;
Health Care and Treatment;
Government Administration;
Information;
Standards
Weitzman, Rachel E., Ariel Dora Stern, and Daniel B. Kramer. "Food and Drug Administration Guidance Documents and New Medical Devices: The Case of Breast Prostheses." American Journal of Therapeutics 28, no. 1 (January–February 2021).
- September 3, 2020
- Article
How to Measure a Company's Real Impact
By: Ronald Cohen and George Serafeim
Impact transparency will reshape capitalism. By shifting the pursuit of profit away from negligently creating problems to purposefully creating valuable solutions for the world, it will redefine success, so that its measure is not just money, but the positive impact we...
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Keywords:
Impact;
Impact Investing;
Impact Measurement;
Impact Investment;
Impact Investment Funds;
Accountability;
Accounting Information;
Corporate Performance;
Sustainability;
Social Impact;
Capitalism;
Accounting;
Corporate Accountability;
Performance;
Measurement and Metrics;
Social Enterprise;
Society
Cohen, Ronald, and George Serafeim. "How to Measure a Company's Real Impact." Harvard Business Review (website) (September 3, 2020).
- September–October 2020
- Article
Social-Impact Efforts That Create Real Value
By: George Serafeim
Until the mid-2010s few investors paid attention to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) data—information about companies’ carbon footprints, labor policies, board makeup, and so forth. Today the data is widely used by investors. How can organizations create...
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Keywords:
Sustainability;
Sustainability Management;
ESG;
ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance;
ESG Disclosure;
ESG Disclosure Metrics;
ESG Ratings;
ESG Reporting;
Social Impact;
Impact Measurement;
Social Innovation;
Purpose;
Corporate Purpose;
Corporate Social Responsibility;
Strategy;
Social Enterprise;
Society;
Accounting;
Investment;
Environmental Sustainability;
Climate Change;
Corporate Strategy;
Mission and Purpose;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Financial Services Industry;
Chemical Industry;
Technology Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
North America;
Europe;
Japan;
Australia
Serafeim, George. "Social-Impact Efforts That Create Real Value." Harvard Business Review 98, no. 5 (September–October 2020): 38–48.
- March 2020
- Article
Voluntary, Self-Regulatory, and Mandatory Disclosure of Oil and Gas Company Payments to Foreign Governments
By: Paul M. Healy and George Serafeim
Concerns about high rates of government corruption in resource-rich countries have led transparency advocates to urge oil and gas firms to disclose payments to host governments for natural resources. Transparency, they argue, can increase government accountability and...
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Keywords:
Oil & Gas;
Corruption;
Transparency;
Self-regulation;
Industry Self-regulation;
Regulation;
Disclosure;
Disclosure Regulation;
Energy Sources;
Crime and Corruption;
Corporate Disclosure;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Energy Industry
Healy, Paul M., and George Serafeim. "Voluntary, Self-Regulatory, and Mandatory Disclosure of Oil and Gas Company Payments to Foreign Governments." Accounting Horizons 34, no. 1 (March 2020): 111–129.