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- March–April 2021
- Article
How Venture Capitalists Make Decisions
By: Paul A. Gompers, Will Gornall, Steven Kaplan and Ilya Strebulaev
For decades now, venture capitalists have played a crucial role in the economy by financing high-growth start-ups. While the companies they’ve backed—Amazon, Apple, Facebook, Google, and more—are constantly in the headlines, very little is known about what VCs actually...
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Gompers, Paul A., Will Gornall, Steven Kaplan, and Ilya Strebulaev. "How Venture Capitalists Make Decisions." Harvard Business Review 99, no. 2 (March–April 2021).
- February 2021
- Supplement
Apple: Privacy vs. Safety (B)
By: Henry McGee, Nien-hê Hsieh and Christian Godwin
In 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic swept across the globe, Apple and Google partnered to develop a contract tracing application that would collect information about users infected with the disease and notify those who they had been in contact with. While Apple/Google’s...
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Keywords:
Iphone;
Encryption;
Data Privacy;
Customers;
Customer Focus and Relationships;
Decision Making;
Ethics;
Values and Beliefs;
Globalized Firms and Management;
Government and Politics;
Health;
Health Pandemics;
Leadership;
Markets;
Safety;
Social Issues;
Technology;
Telecommunications Industry;
Technology Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Electronics Industry;
Health Industry;
United States;
Europe
- January 2021
- Case
Snapp: Scaling Under Sanctions in Iran (A)
By: Meg Rithmire and Gamze Yucaoglu
"The case opens in November 2019 as Eyad Alkassar and Mahmoud Fouz, co-founders of Iran’s first and leading ride-hailing platform, Snapp, find out about Apple’s and Google’s decision to remove all Iranian apps from their respective application stores.
The case... View Details
The case... View Details
- 2020
- Chapter
Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon: Is Winner-Take-All True?
By: David B. Yoffie
Yoffie, David B. "Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon: Is Winner-Take-All True?" In Sekai saikoho no keiei kyoshitsu [World's Best Management Class]: 17 Lessons in Management from the World's Leading Business Professors, edited by Ayako Hirono, 179–193. Tokyo: Nikkei Business Publications, 2020. (Published in Japanese.)
- October 2020
- Case
Epic Games: Nineteen Eighty-Fortnight
By: Andy Wu, Miaomiao Zhang and Christopher Zhang
In the midst of intensifying public and political attention towards the market power of big technology, Epic Games in 2020 challenged the status quo that has existed for years in the Apple iOS and Google Android mobile application marketplaces and payment systems....
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Keywords:
Mobile Platforms;
Mobile App Industry;
Mobile Payment Systems;
Antitrust;
Games, Gaming, and Gambling;
Mobile Technology;
Lawsuits and Litigation;
Entrepreneurship;
Competitive Strategy;
United States
Wu, Andy, Miaomiao Zhang, and Christopher Zhang. "Epic Games: Nineteen Eighty-Fortnight." Harvard Business School Case 721-395, October 2020.
- September 2020
- Case
Apple Bets on Augmented Reality
By: Rory McDonald, David Lane and Mel Martin
In 2020, augmented reality (AR) was still a nascent technology with blockbuster potential, one which Apple was actively developing as its iPhone franchise waned. But the emergence of AR was uneven, including the disappointing Google Glass and the unexpected viral...
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Keywords:
Augmented Reality;
Industry Structures;
Product Development;
Commercialization;
Competition;
Corporate Strategy;
Diversification;
Technology;
Technology Adoption;
Information Technology Industry;
Technology Industry;
Video Game Industry
McDonald, Rory, David Lane, and Mel Martin. "Apple Bets on Augmented Reality." Harvard Business School Case 621-007, September 2020.
- August 2020
- Case
PayPal: The Next Chapter
By: Michael Porter, Mark Kramer and Annelena Lobb
Can a social purpose and stakeholder capitalism confer a powerful competitive advantage in the age of COVID-19? For PayPal, the answer is yes. After spinning off from eBay in a 2015 IPO, the company declared its purpose as "democratizing financial services" by ensuring...
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Keywords:
Mission and Purpose;
Finance;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Social Entrepreneurship;
Competitive Advantage;
Financial Services Industry
Porter, Michael, Mark Kramer, and Annelena Lobb. "PayPal: The Next Chapter." Harvard Business School Case 721-378, August 2020.
- Article
Assessing the Food and Drug Administration's Risk-Based Framework for Software Precertification with Top Health Apps in the United States: Quality Improvement Study
By: Noy Alon, Ariel Dora Stern and John Torous
BACKGROUND: As the development of mobile health apps continues to accelerate, the need to implement a framework that can standardize categorizing these apps to allow for efficient, yet robust regulation grows. However, regulators and researchers are faced with numerous...
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Keywords:
Mobile Health;
Smartphone;
Food And Drug Administration;
Risk-based Framework;
Health Care and Treatment;
Mobile Technology;
Software
Alon, Noy, Ariel Dora Stern, and John Torous. "Assessing the Food and Drug Administration's Risk-Based Framework for Software Precertification with Top Health Apps in the United States: Quality Improvement Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 10 (October 2020).
- 2020
- Working Paper
Digitization and the Demand for Physical Works: Evidence from the Google Books Project
By: Abhishek Nagaraj and Imke Reimers
The digital era promised to deliver a centralized repository of all pre-existing knowledge through mass digitization. However, concerns about cannibalizing demand for physical works have led publishers and authors to block the realization of this vision. We investigate...
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Nagaraj, Abhishek, and Imke Reimers. "Digitization and the Demand for Physical Works: Evidence from the Google Books Project." Working Paper, June 2020.
- Article
The Inpatient Discharge Lounge as a Potential Mechanism to Mitigate Emergency Department Boarding and Crowding
By: Brian Franklin, Sharif Vakili, Robert S. Huckman, Sarah Hosein, Nicholas Falk, Katherine Cheng, Maria Murray, Sheila Harris, Charles A. Morris and Eric Goralnick
Delayed access to inpatient beds for admitted patients contributes significantly to emergency department (ED) boarding and crowding, which have been associated with deleterious patient safety effects. To expedite inpatient bed availability, some hospitals have...
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Keywords:
Health Care Delivery;
Emergency Room;
Operations Improvement;
Operations Management;
Health Care and Treatment;
Service Delivery;
Operations;
Management;
Performance Improvement;
Service Operations
Franklin, Brian, Sharif Vakili, Robert S. Huckman, Sarah Hosein, Nicholas Falk, Katherine Cheng, Maria Murray, Sheila Harris, Charles A. Morris, and Eric Goralnick. "The Inpatient Discharge Lounge as a Potential Mechanism to Mitigate Emergency Department Boarding and Crowding." Annals of Emergency Medicine 75, no. 6 (June 2020): 704–714.
- 2020
- Working Paper
Iterative Coordination and Innovation
By: Sourobh Ghosh and Andy Wu
Agile management practices from the software industry continue to transform the way organizations innovate across industries, yet they remain understudied in the organizations literature. We investigate the widespread Agile practice of iterative coordination: frequent...
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Keywords:
Innovation;
Goals;
Specialization;
Coordination;
Field Experiment;
Software Development;
Organizations;
Collaborative Innovation and Invention;
Goals and Objectives;
Integration;
Software
Ghosh, Sourobh, and Andy Wu. "Iterative Coordination and Innovation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-121, January 2020.
- 2020
- Working Paper
Social Interactions in Pandemics: Fear, Altruism, and Reciprocity
By: Laura Alfaro, Ester Faia, Nora Lamersdorf and Farzad Saidi
In SIR models, homogeneous or with a network structure, infection rates are assumed to be exogenous. However, individuals adjust their behavior. Using daily data for 89 cities worldwide, we document that mobility falls in response to fear, as approximated by Google...
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Keywords:
Social Interactions;
Pandemics;
Mobility;
Cities;
Sir Networks;
Social Preferences;
Social Planner;
Targeted Policies;
Health Pandemics;
Interpersonal Communication;
Behavior;
Policy
Alfaro, Laura, Ester Faia, Nora Lamersdorf, and Farzad Saidi. "Social Interactions in Pandemics: Fear, Altruism, and Reciprocity." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 27134, May 2020.
- March 2020
- Case
Employee Activism
By: Ethan Rouen and Akari Furukawa
Liz O’Sullivan, an employee at a fast-growing technology company called Clarifi, had a moral dilemma: She disagreed with Clarifi’s decision to sell its image-recognition technology to the U.S. Department of Defense for possible use in weaponized drones. This case...
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Keywords:
Activism;
Employees;
Moral Sensibility;
Personal Development and Career;
Decision Choices and Conditions
Rouen, Ethan, and Akari Furukawa. "Employee Activism." Harvard Business School Case 120-104, March 2020.
- March 2020
- Case
Sizmek Chapter 11: Surviving Walled Gardens in Their Ad Tech Empire
By: Ayelet Israeli, Danilo Tauro and Sarah Gulick
This case provides a post-mortem of the advertising technology (adtech) company Sizmek. Sizmek grew via multiple acquisitions, with the vision of becoming an integrated adtech company that could leverage AI to buy digital media, while creating and serving display and...
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Keywords:
Online Advertising;
Insolvency and Bankruptcy;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Software;
Internet;
Competition;
Marketing;
Advertising Industry;
Web Services Industry;
United States;
Europe
Israeli, Ayelet, Danilo Tauro, and Sarah Gulick. "Sizmek Chapter 11: Surviving Walled Gardens in Their Ad Tech Empire." Harvard Business School Case 520-087, March 2020.
- March 2020 (Revised August 2020)
- Case
Culture at Google
By: Nien-hê Hsieh, Amy Klopfenstein and Sarah Mehta
Beginning in 2017, technology (tech) company Google faced a series of employee-relations issues that threatened its unique culture of innovation and open communication. Issues included protests surrounding Google’s contracts with the U.S. government, restrictions of...
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Keywords:
Human Resources;
Employee Relationship Management;
Recruitment;
Retention;
Resignation and Termination;
Labor;
Working Conditions;
Employment;
Labor Unions;
Wages;
Law;
Lawsuits and Litigation;
Rights;
Ethics;
Values and Beliefs;
Fairness;
Organizations;
Organizational Culture;
Mission and Purpose;
Social Psychology;
Attitudes;
Behavior;
Conflict Management;
Trust;
Motivation and Incentives;
Prejudice and Bias;
Power and Influence;
Technology;
Search Technology;
Web;
Hardware;
Society;
Social Issues;
Culture;
Civil Society or Community;
Demographics;
Diversity;
Ethnicity;
Gender;
Race;
Technology Industry;
North and Central America;
United States;
California
Hsieh, Nien-hê, Amy Klopfenstein, and Sarah Mehta. "Culture at Google." Harvard Business School Case 320-050, March 2020. (Revised August 2020.)
- 2020
- Book
The Power of Experiments: Decision-Making in a Data-Driven World
By: Michael Luca and Max H. Bazerman
Have you logged into Facebook recently? Searched for something on Google? Chosen a movie on Netflix? If so, you've probably been an unwitting participant in a variety of experiments—also known as randomized controlled trials—designed to test the impact of changes to an...
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Keywords:
Experiments;
Randomized Controlled Trials;
Organizations;
Decision Making;
Data and Data Sets;
Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques
Luca, Michael, and Max H. Bazerman. The Power of Experiments: Decision-Making in a Data-Driven World. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2020.
- February 28, 2020
- Article
How Tesla Sets Itself Apart
By: Lou Shipley
Tesla and its flamboyant, and sometimes erratic, innovator Elon Musk have turned the more than a century old industry upside down in a mere 16 years. Traditional automakers are ill prepared to compete in today’s software-centered world. Unlike nimble Tesla, they are...
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Keywords:
Strategy;
Technology;
Transportation;
Business Model;
Technological Innovation;
Disruption;
Auto Industry
Shipley, Lou. "How Tesla Sets Itself Apart." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (February 28, 2020).
- 2020
- Working Paper
How Competition Affects Contributions to Open Source Platforms: Evidence from OpenStreetMap and Google Maps
By: Abhishek Nagaraj and Henning Piezunka
Open source platforms often face competition from commercial alternatives and yet we lack an understanding of whether and how commercial competition affects contributions to open source platforms. We study how contributions to OpenStreetMap, a widely-used open source...
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Keywords:
Open Source Platforms;
Contributions;
Competitive Entry;
Impact;
Multi-Sided Platforms;
Competition
Nagaraj, Abhishek, and Henning Piezunka. "How Competition Affects Contributions to Open Source Platforms: Evidence from OpenStreetMap and Google Maps." Working Paper, February 2020.
- Article
Seize the Power
By: Stefan Thomke
A company’s ability to create and refine its products, customer experiences, processes, and business models—in other words, to compete—is deeply affected by its ability to experiment. Digital giants such as Amazon, Facebook, Google, and Booking.com have found...
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- January–February 2020
- Article
Competing in the Age of AI
By: Marco Iansiti and Karim R. Lakhani
Today’s markets are being reshaped by a new kind of firm—one in which artificial intelligence (AI) runs the show. This cohort includes giants like Google, Facebook, and Alibaba, and growing businesses such as Wayfair and Ocado. Every time we use their services, the...
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Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence;
Algorithms;
Technological Innovation;
Business Model;
Competition;
Competitive Strategy
Iansiti, Marco, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Competing in the Age of AI." Harvard Business Review 98, no. 1 (January–February 2020): 60–67.