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      • Faculty Publications  (93)

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      • December 2022
      • Article

      Shaping Nascent Industries: Innovation Strategy and Regulatory Uncertainty in Personal Genomics

      By: Cheng Gao and Rory McDonald
      In nascent industries—whose new technologies are often poorly understood by regulators—contending with regulatory uncertainty can be crucial to organizational survival and growth. Prior research on nonmarket strategy has largely focused on established firms in mature...  View Details
      Keywords: Technological Change; Innovation; Qualitative Methods; New Categories; Entrepreneurship; Technological Innovation; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Risk and Uncertainty; Strategy
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      Gao, Cheng, and Rory McDonald. "Shaping Nascent Industries: Innovation Strategy and Regulatory Uncertainty in Personal Genomics." Administrative Science Quarterly 67, no. 4 (December 2022): 915–967.
      • October 2020
      • Article

      Collusion in Markets with Syndication

      By: John William Hatfield, Scott Duke Kominers, Richard Lowery and Jordan M. Barry
      Markets for IPOs and debt issuances are syndicated, in the sense that a bidder who wins a contract may invite losing bidders to join a syndicate that together fulfills the contract. We show that in markets with syndication, standard intuitions from industrial...  View Details
      Keywords: Collusion; Antitrust; IPO Underwriting; Syndication; "Repeated Games"; Markets; Game Theory
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      Hatfield, John William, Scott Duke Kominers, Richard Lowery, and Jordan M. Barry. "Collusion in Markets with Syndication." Journal of Political Economy 128, no. 10 (October 2020).
      • Article

      The Price of Anarchy of Self-Selection in Tullock Contests

      By: Hau Chan, David C. Parkes and Karim R. Lakhani
      Crowdsourcing platforms operate by offering their clients the ability to obtain cost-effective solutions for their problems through contests. The top contestants with the best solutions are rewarded, and the submitted solutions are provided to the clients. Within the...  View Details
      Keywords: Crowdsourcing Contests; Game Theory
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      Chan, Hau, David C. Parkes, and Karim R. Lakhani. "The Price of Anarchy of Self-Selection in Tullock Contests." Proceedings of the International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS) 19th (2020): 1795–1797.
      • Article

      United's Frequent-Flier Program Gets Some Game Theory

      By: Scott Duke Kominers
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      Kominers, Scott Duke. "United's Frequent-Flier Program Gets Some Game Theory." Bloomberg Opinion (December 13, 2019).
      • November 2019
      • Supplement

      Hapag-Lloyd AG: Complying with IMO 2020

      By: Benjamin C. Esty, Mette Fuglsang Hjortshoej and Emer Moloney
      A new environmental regulation known as IMO 2020 was creating what one industry analyst called “the biggest shakeup for the oil and shipping industries in decades.” According to the new regulation, all ocean-going ships would have to limit their sulfur emissions by...  View Details
      Keywords: Valuation; Ship Transportation; Strategic Planning; Game Theory; Pollutants; Supply Chain; Corporate Accountability; Capital Budgeting; Environmental Sustainability; Shipping Industry; Transportation Industry; Germany
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      Esty, Benjamin C., Mette Fuglsang Hjortshoej, and Emer Moloney. "Hapag-Lloyd AG: Complying with IMO 2020." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 220-713, November 2019.
      • November 2019
      • Case

      Hapag-Lloyd AG: Complying with IMO 2020

      By: Benjamin C. Esty, Mette Fuglsang Hjortshoej and Emer Moloney
      A new environmental regulation known as IMO 2020 was creating what one industry analyst called “the biggest shakeup for the oil and shipping industries in decades.” According to the new regulation, all ocean-going ships would have to limit their sulfur emissions by...  View Details
      Keywords: Valuation; Ship Transportation; Strategic Planning; Game Theory; Pollutants; Supply Chain; Corporate Accountability; Capital Budgeting; Environmental Sustainability; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Governance Compliance; Shipping Industry; Transportation Industry; Germany
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      Esty, Benjamin C., Mette Fuglsang Hjortshoej, and Emer Moloney. "Hapag-Lloyd AG: Complying with IMO 2020." Harvard Business School Case 220-003, November 2019.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Collusion in Brokered Markets

      By: John William Hatfield, Scott Duke Kominers and Richard Lowery
      The U.S. residential real estate agency market presents a puzzle for economic theory: commissions on real estate transactions have remained high for decades even though entry is frequent and costs are low. We model the real estate agency market, and other brokered...  View Details
      Keywords: Real Estate; "Repeated Games"; Collusion; Antitrust; Brokered Markets; Game Theory; Real Estate Industry
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      Hatfield, John William, Scott Duke Kominers, and Richard Lowery. "Collusion in Brokered Markets." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-023, September 2019. (Revised July 2020.)
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      To Infinity and Beyond: Scaling Economic Theories via Logical Compactness

      By: Yannai A. Gonczarowski, Scott Duke Kominers and Ran I. Shorrer
      Many economic-theoretic models incorporate finiteness assumptions that, while introduced for simplicity, play a real role in the analysis. Such assumptions introduce a conceptual problem, as results that rely on finiteness are often implicitly nonrobust; for example,...  View Details
      Keywords: Markets; Analysis; Game Theory
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      Gonczarowski, Yannai A., Scott Duke Kominers, and Ran I. Shorrer. "To Infinity and Beyond: Scaling Economic Theories via Logical Compactness." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-127, June 2019. (Revised November 2020.)
      • Article

      Raiffa Transformed the Field of Negotiation—and Me

      By: Max Bazerman
      Howard Raiffa was a role model, friend, and inspiration. He transformed the field of negotiation, and he transformed my career. This brief article provides a recollection of how Howard revolutionized the field of negotiation and how those insights are now affecting...  View Details
      Keywords: Negotiation; Decision Making; Analysis; Game Theory; Personal Development and Career
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      Bazerman, Max. "Raiffa Transformed the Field of Negotiation—and Me." Negotiation and Conflict Management Research 11, no. 3 (August 2018): 259–261.
      • March 2018 (Revised September 2020)
      • Background Note

      Short Note on Game Theory

      By: Eric Van den Steen and Dennis Yao
      This note provides a very concise (2 page) introduction to game theory.  View Details
      Keywords: Competitive Interaction; Commitment; Game Theory; Competitive Strategy
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      Van den Steen, Eric, and Dennis Yao. "Short Note on Game Theory." Harvard Business School Background Note 718-509, March 2018. (Revised September 2020.)
      • Article

      Games of Threats

      By: Elon Kohlberg and Abraham Neyman
      A game of threats on a finite set of players, N, is a function d that assigns a real number to any coalition, S ⊆ N, such that d(S) = -d(N\S). A game of threats is not necessarily a coalitional game as it may fail to satisfy the condition d(Ø) = 0. We show that analogs...  View Details
      Keywords: Shapley Value; Coalitional Game; Game Theory; Mathematical Methods
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      Kohlberg, Elon, and Abraham Neyman. "Games of Threats." Games and Economic Behavior 108 (March 2018): 139–145.
      • October 2017
      • Article

      Elevating Repositioning Costs: Strategy Dynamics and Competitive Interactions

      By: Anoop R. Menon and Dennis Yao
      This paper proposes an approach for modeling competitive interactions that incorporates the costs to firms of changing strategy. The costs associated with strategy modifications, which we term “repositioning costs,” are particularly relevant to competitive interactions...  View Details
      Keywords: "Repositioning Costs; Strategy Dynamics; Strategic Interaction; Capabilities; Cost; Strategy; Change; Game Theory; Organizational Change and Adaptation
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      Menon, Anoop R., and Dennis Yao. "Elevating Repositioning Costs: Strategy Dynamics and Competitive Interactions." Strategic Management Journal 38, no. 10 (October 2017): 1953–1963.
      • Article

      Howard Raiffa: The Art, Science, and Humanity of a Legendary Negotiation Analyst

      By: James K. Sebenius
      Rightly known as the “father of negotiation analysis,” Howard Raiffa was my thesis advisor, colleague, and friend for over 30 years. The bulk of this article develops an account of his intellectual trajectory from game theory to statistical decision theory to decision...  View Details
      Keywords: Negotiation Analysis; Bargaining; Howard Raiffa; Negotiation; Personal Development and Career
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      Sebenius, James K. "Howard Raiffa: The Art, Science, and Humanity of a Legendary Negotiation Analyst." Negotiation Journal 33, no. 4 (October 2017): 283–307.
      • Article

      Third-Party Punishment as a Costly Signal of High Continuation Probabilities in Repeated Games

      By: Jillian J. Jordan and David G. Rand
      Why do individuals pay costs to punish selfish behavior, even as third-party observers? A large body of research suggests that reputation plays an important role in motivating such third-party punishment (TPP). Here we focus on a recently proposed reputation-based...  View Details
      Keywords: Direct Reciprocity; Evolution; Dispersal; Cooperation; Trust; Reputation; Game Theory
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      Jordan, Jillian J., and David G. Rand. "Third-Party Punishment as a Costly Signal of High Continuation Probabilities in Repeated Games." Journal of Theoretical Biology 421 (May 21, 2017): 189–202.
      • Article

      Statistical Physics of Human Cooperation

      By: Matjaž Perc, Jillian J. Jordan, David G. Rand, Zhen Wang, Stefano Boccaletti and Attila Szolnoki
      Extensive cooperation among unrelated individuals is unique to humans, who often sacrifice personal benefits for the common good and work together to achieve what they are unable to execute alone. The evolutionary success of our species is indeed due, to a large...  View Details
      Keywords: Human Cooperation; Evolutionary Game Theory; Public Goods; Reward; Punishment; Tolerance; Self-organization; Pattern Formation; Cooperation; Behavior; Game Theory
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      Perc, Matjaž, Jillian J. Jordan, David G. Rand, Zhen Wang, Stefano Boccaletti, and Attila Szolnoki. "Statistical Physics of Human Cooperation." Physics Reports 687 (May 8, 2017): 1–51.
      • April 2017
      • Article

      The New Look of Deal Protection

      By: Guhan Subramanian and Fernán Restrepo
      Deal protection in mergers and acquisitions (M&A) evolves in response to Delaware case law and the business goals of acquirers and targets. We construct a new sample of M&A deals from 2003 to 2015 to identify four such areas of evolution in current transactional...  View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Practice
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      Subramanian, Guhan, and Fernán Restrepo. "The New Look of Deal Protection." Stanford Law Review 69, no. 4 (April 2017): 1013–1074.
      • 2017
      • Working Paper

      Cooperative Strategic Games

      By: Elon Kohlberg and Abraham Neyman
      We examine a solution concept, called the “value," for n-person strategic games. In applications, the value provides an a-priori assessment of the monetary worth of a player's position in a strategic game, comprising not only the player's contribution to the total...  View Details
      Keywords: Game Theory
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      Kohlberg, Elon, and Abraham Neyman. "Cooperative Strategic Games." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-075, February 2017.
      • July 16, 2016
      • Article

      A Game Theoretic Model for Resource Allocation Among Countermeasures with Multiple Attributes

      By: Elisabeth C. Paulson, Igor Linkov and Jeffrey Keisler
      We study a strategic, two-player, sequential game between an attacker and defender. The defender must allocate resources amongst possible countermeasures and across possible targets. The attacker then chooses a type of threat and a target to attack. This paper proposes...  View Details
      Keywords: Resource Allocation; Game Theory; Strategy
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      Paulson, Elisabeth C., Igor Linkov, and Jeffrey Keisler. "A Game Theoretic Model for Resource Allocation Among Countermeasures with Multiple Attributes." European Journal of Operational Research 252, no. 2 (July 16, 2016): 610–622.
      • 2016
      • Other Teaching and Training Material

      Organizational Behavior Reading: Decision Making

      By: Francesca Gino, Max Bazerman and Katherine Shonk
      This Reading argues that decision making is systematically flawed and introduces methods to improve decision-making effectiveness. The Essential Reading section covers the rational decision-making model and three important ideas that challenge it: Herbert Simon's...  View Details
      Keywords: Game Theory; Decision Making
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      Gino, Francesca, Max Bazerman, and Katherine Shonk. "Organizational Behavior Reading: Decision Making." Core Curriculum Readings Series. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Publishing 8383, 2016. Electronic.
      • Article

      Third-party Punishment as a Costly Signal of Trustworthiness

      By: Jillian J. Jordan, Moshe Hoffman, Paul Bloom and David G. Rand
      Third-party punishment (TPP), in which unaffected observers punish selfishness, promotes cooperation by deterring defection. But why should individuals choose to bear the costs of punishing? We present a game theoretic model of TPP as a costly signal of...  View Details
      Keywords: Third-party Punishment; Trustworthiness; Behavior; Trust; Game Theory
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      Jordan, Jillian J., Moshe Hoffman, Paul Bloom, and David G. Rand. "Third-party Punishment as a Costly Signal of Trustworthiness." Nature 530, no. 7591 (2016): 473–476.
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