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    • All HBS Web  (2,729)
      • Faculty Publications  (180)

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      Bio-Piracy or Prospering Together? Fuzzy Set and Qualitative Analysis of Herbal Patenting by Firms
      The Rules of Standard Setting Organizations: An Empirical Analysis
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      • March 2021
      • Article

      The Customer May Not Always Be Right: Customer Compatibility and Service Performance

      By: Ryan W. Buell, Dennis Campbell and Frances X. Frei
      This paper investigates the impact of customer compatibility – the degree of fit between the needs of customers and the capabilities of the operations serving them – on customer experiences and firm performance. We use a variance decomposition analysis to quantify the...  View Details
      Keywords: Customer Compatibility; Satisfaction; Profitability; Service Operations; Customer Relationship Management; Customer Satisfaction; Performance
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      Buell, Ryan W., Dennis Campbell, and Frances X. Frei. "The Customer May Not Always Be Right: Customer Compatibility and Service Performance." Management Science 67, no. 3 (March 2021): 1468–1488.
      • January 2021 (Revised January 2021)
      • Case

      THE YES: Reimagining the Future of E-Commerce with Artificial Intelligence (AI)

      By: Jill Avery, Ayelet Israeli and Emma von Maur
      THE YES, a multi-brand shopping app launched in May 2020 offered a new type of buying experience for women’s fashion, driven by a sophisticated algorithm that used data science and machine learning to create and deliver a personalized store for every shopper, based on...  View Details
      Keywords: Data; Data Analytics; Artificial Intelligence; Ai; Ai Algorithms; Ai Creativity; Fashion; Retail; Retail Analytics; Digital Marketing; E-commerce; E-commerce Strategy; Platform; Platforms; Marketing Strategy; Brands And Branding; Consumer Behavior; Big Data; Preference Elicitation; Preference Prediction; Predictive Analytics; App Development; Marketing Channels; "marketing Analytics"; Advertising; Mobile App; Mobile Marketing; Apparel; Online Advertising; Referral Rewards; Referrals; Female Ceo; Female Entrepreneur; Female Protagonist; Data And Data sets; analysis; Creativity; Marketing Strategy; Brands And Branding; Consumer Behavior; Demand And Consumers; Forecasting And Prediction; Online Advertising; Online Technology; Mobile Technology; Fashion Industry; Retail Industry; Apparel And Accessories Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States
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      Avery, Jill, Ayelet Israeli, and Emma von Maur. "THE YES: Reimagining the Future of E-Commerce with Artificial Intelligence (AI)." Harvard Business School Case 521-070, January 2021. (Revised January 2021.)
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Estimating Causal Effects in the Presence of Partial Interference Using Multivariate Bayesian Structural Time Series Models

      By: Fiammetta Menchetti and Iavor Bojinov
      Researchers regularly use synthetic control methods for estimating causal effects when a sub-set of units receive a single persistent treatment, and the rest are unaffected by the change. In many applications, however, units not assigned to treatment are nevertheless...  View Details
      Keywords: Causal Inference; Partial Interference; Synthetic Controls; Bayesian Structural Time Series; Mathematical Methods
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      Menchetti, Fiammetta, and Iavor Bojinov. "Estimating Causal Effects in the Presence of Partial Interference Using Multivariate Bayesian Structural Time Series Models." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-048, October 2020.
      • September 2020
      • Technical Note

      Algorithmic Bias in Marketing

      By: Ayelet Israeli and Eva Ascarza
      This note focuses on algorithmic bias in marketing. First, it presents a variety of marketing examples in which algorithmic bias may occur. The examples are organized around the 4 P’s of marketing – promotion, price, place and product—characterizing the marketing...  View Details
      Keywords: Algorithmic Data; Race And Ethnicity; Promotion; "marketing Analytics"; Marketing And Society; Big Data; Privacy; Data-driven Management; Data Analysis; Data Analytics; E-commerce Strategy; E-commerce; Discrimination; Targeting; Targeted Advertising; Pricing Algorithms; Ethical Decision Making; Customer Heterogeneity; Marketing; Race; Ethnicity; Gender; Diversity; Prejudice And Bias; Marketing Communications; Data And Data sets; analysis; Decision Making; Ethics; Customer Relationship Management; Retail Industry; Apparel And Accessories Industry; United States
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      Israeli, Ayelet, and Eva Ascarza. "Algorithmic Bias in Marketing." Harvard Business School Technical Note 521-020, September 2020.
      • September 2020
      • Case

      Lojas Americanas: Project DNA and the 'People Machine'

      By: Boris Groysberg, Eric Lin and Sarah L. Abbott
      Lojas Americanas (“Americanas”) was one of the largest retailers in Brazil. Via its stores, digital platform and Innovation Engine, the company served more than 38 million people. In recent years, Americanas had enjoyed rapid growth; growing from 98 stores in 2001 to...  View Details
      Keywords: Retail; Data Analytics; Growth And Development; Data And Data sets; analysis; Training; Performance; Employees; Management; Human Resources; Leadership Development; Retail Industry; Brazil
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      Groysberg, Boris, Eric Lin, and Sarah L. Abbott. "Lojas Americanas: Project DNA and the 'People Machine'." Harvard Business School Case 421-038, September 2020.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 7 The Value Structure of Technologies, Part 2: Strategy without Numbers

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      Functional analysis as set forth in the last chapter decomposes a technical system into functional components that do things to advance the system’s purpose and the goals of its designers. Functional analysis in turn can be used to construct value structure maps...  View Details
      Keywords: Modularity; Value Structure Mapping; Value Capture; Technology; Organizations; Strategy; Value Creation
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 7 The Value Structure of Technologies, Part 2: Strategy without Numbers." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-040, September 2020.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 2 Transactions in a Task Network

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      From the 1930s through today, many economists have conceived of large technical systems for the production of goods and services as a series of transactions. This point of view has led eminent economists to assert that transactions are the fundamental unit of analysis...  View Details
      Keywords: Modularity; Technology; Organizations
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 2 Transactions in a Task Network." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-030, August 2020.
      • August 2020 (Revised September 2020)
      • Technical Note

      Assessing Prediction Accuracy of Machine Learning Models

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Natalie Epstein, Kris Ferreira and Yael Grushka-Cockayne
      The note introduces a variety of methods to assess the accuracy of machine learning prediction models. The note begins by briefly introducing machine learning, overfitting, training versus test datasets, and cross validation. The following accuracy metrics and tools...  View Details
      Keywords: Machine Learning; Statistics; Econometric Analyses; Experimental Methods; Data Analysis; Data Analytics; Forecasting And Prediction; Data And Data sets; analysis; Mathematical Methods
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      Toffel, Michael W., Natalie Epstein, Kris Ferreira, and Yael Grushka-Cockayne. "Assessing Prediction Accuracy of Machine Learning Models." Harvard Business School Technical Note 621-045, August 2020. (Revised September 2020.)
      • August 2020
      • Technical Note

      Comparing Two Groups: Sampling and t-Testing

      By: Iavor I Bojinov, Chiara Farronato, Yael Grushka-Cockayne, Willy C. Shih and Michael W. Toffel
      This note describes sampling and t-tests, two fundamental statistical concepts.  View Details
      Keywords: Statistics; Econometric Analyses; Experimental Methods; Data Analysis; Data Analytics; Data And Data sets; analysis; Surveys; Mathematical Methods
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      Bojinov, Iavor I., Chiara Farronato, Yael Grushka-Cockayne, Willy C. Shih, and Michael W. Toffel. "Comparing Two Groups: Sampling and t-Testing." Harvard Business School Technical Note 621-044, August 2020.
      • June 2020 (Revised November 2020)
      • Case

      Vanguard Retail Operations (A)

      By: Willy C. Shih and Antonio Moreno
      The first two cases in this series are set in the financial services industry, and explore whether it is better for back-office workers to be generalists who provide the flexibility of being able to handle the complete range of transactions that the company faces or...  View Details
      Keywords: Pooling; Generalist Model; Specialist Model; Operations; Service Operations; Management; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Shih, Willy C., and Antonio Moreno. "Vanguard Retail Operations (A)." Harvard Business School Case 620-104, June 2020. (Revised November 2020.)
      • June 2020 (Revised August 2020)
      • Supplement

      Vanguard Retail Operations (B)

      By: Willy C. Shih and Antonio Moreno
      The first two cases in this series are set in the financial services industry, and explore whether it is better for back-office workers to be generalists who provide the flexibility of being able to handle the complete range of transactions that the company faces or...  View Details
      Keywords: Pooling; Generalist Model; Specialist Model; Service Operations; Management; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Shih, Willy C., and Antonio Moreno. "Vanguard Retail Operations (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 620-105, June 2020. (Revised August 2020.)
      • June 2020
      • Background Note

      Customer Management Dynamics and Cohort Analysis

      By: Elie Ofek, Barak Libai and Eitan Muller
      The digital revolution has allowed companies to amass considerable amounts of data on their customers. Using this information to generate actionable insights is fast becoming a critical skill that firms must master if they wish to effectively compete and win in today’s...  View Details
      Keywords: Cohort Analysis; Customers; Data And Data sets; Segmentation; analysis; Customer Value And Value Chain
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      Ofek, Elie, Barak Libai, and Eitan Muller. "Customer Management Dynamics and Cohort Analysis." Harvard Business School Background Note 520-122, June 2020.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      The Project on Impact Investments' Impact Investment Database

      By: M. Diane Burton, Shawn Cole, Abhishek Dev, Christina Jarymowycz, Leslie Jeng, Josh Lerner, Fanele Mashwama, Yue (Cynthia) Xu and T. Robert Zochowski
      Impact investing has grown significantly over the past 15 years. From a niche investing segment with only $25 billion AUM in 2013 (WEF 2013), it experienced double-digit growth and developed into a market with an estimated $502 billion AUM (Mudaliapar and Dithrich...  View Details
      Keywords: Impact Investing; Investment; Data And Data sets; analysis
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      Burton, M. Diane, Shawn Cole, Abhishek Dev, Christina Jarymowycz, Leslie Jeng, Josh Lerner, Fanele Mashwama, Yue (Cynthia) Xu, and T. Robert Zochowski. "The Project on Impact Investments' Impact Investment Database." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-117, May 2020. (Revised February 2021.)
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Sticky Capital Controls

      By: Miguel Acosta-Henao, Laura Alfaro and Andres Fernandez
      There is much ongoing debate on the merits of capital controls as effective policy instruments. The differing perspectives are due in part to a lack of empirical studies that look at the intensive margin of controls, which in turn has prevented a quantitative...  View Details
      Keywords: Capital Controls; Macroprudential Policies; Stickiness; Intensive; (s, S) Costs; Capital; Management; Macroeconomics
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      Acosta-Henao, Miguel, Laura Alfaro, and Andres Fernandez. "Sticky Capital Controls." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 26997, April 2020.
      • April 2020
      • Article

      Long-term Firm Growth: An Empirical Analysis of U.S. Manufacturers 1959–2015

      By: Giovanni Dosi, Marco Grazzi, Daniele Moschella, Gary P. Pisano and Federico Tamagni
      Firm growth is an essential feature of market economies, shaping together macroeconomic performance and the evolution of industry structures. As a potential indicator of organizational “fitness” within a competitive environment, firm growth is also a central concern to...  View Details
      Keywords: Firm Growth; Organizations; Growth And Development; Theory; analysis; Production; Data And Data sets
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      Dosi, Giovanni, Marco Grazzi, Daniele Moschella, Gary P. Pisano, and Federico Tamagni. "Long-term Firm Growth: An Empirical Analysis of U.S. Manufacturers 1959–2015." Industrial and Corporate Change 29, no. 2 (April 2020): 309–332.
      • Working Paper

      Rebates in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Evidence from Medicines Sold in Retail Pharmacies in the U.S.

      By: Pragya Kakani, Michael Chernew and Amitabh Chandra
      Rising list prices are often used to illustrate the burden of prescription drug spending, but payers routinely negotiate rebates from manufacturers that generate differences between list and net prices. List prices are easily available and affect patient cost-sharing,...  View Details
      Keywords: Pharmaceuticals; Rebates; Health Care And Treatment; Markets; Price; analysis; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Kakani, Pragya, Michael Chernew, and Amitabh Chandra. "Rebates in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Evidence from Medicines Sold in Retail Pharmacies in the U.S." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 26846, March 2020.
      • 2020
      • Book

      The Power of Experiments: Decision-Making in a Data-Driven World

      By: Michael Luca and Max H. Bazerman
      Have you logged into Facebook recently? Searched for something on Google? Chosen a movie on Netflix? If so, you've probably been an unwitting participant in a variety of experiments—also known as randomized controlled trials—designed to test the impact of changes to an...  View Details
      Keywords: Experiments; Randomized Controlled Trials; Organizations; Decision Making; Data And Data sets; Management analysis, Tools, And Techniques
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      Luca, Michael, and Max H. Bazerman. The Power of Experiments: Decision-Making in a Data-Driven World. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2020.
      • Article

      Association of the Meaningful Use Electronic Health Record Incentive Program with Health Information Technology Venture Capital Funding

      By: Samuel Lite, William J. Gordon and Ariel Dora Stern
      IMPORTANCE
      Although the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act has accelerated electronic health record (EHR) adoption since its passage, clinician satisfaction with EHRs remains low, and the association of HITECH with health...  View Details
      Keywords: Health Care And Treatment; Information Technology; Laws And Statutes; Innovation And Invention; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital
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      Lite, Samuel, William J. Gordon, and Ariel Dora Stern. "Association of the Meaningful Use Electronic Health Record Incentive Program with Health Information Technology Venture Capital Funding." JAMA Network Open 3, no. 3 (March 2020).
      • February 2020
      • Case

      StockX: The Stock Market of Things

      By: Chiara Farronato, John J. Horton, Annelena Lobb and Julia Kelley
      Founded in 2015 by Dan Gilbert, Josh Luber, and Greg Schwartz, StockX was an online platform where users could buy and sell unworn luxury and limited-edition sneakers. Sneaker resale prices often fluctuated over time based on supply and demand, creating a robust...  View Details
      Keywords: Markets; Auctions; Bids And Bidding; Demand And Consumers; Consumer Behavior; Data And Data sets; Market Design; Market Platforms; Two-sided Platforms; Multi-sided Platforms; Market Transactions; Marketplace Matching; Supply And Industry; analysis; Price; Product Marketing; Product Launch; Apparel And Accessories Industry; Fashion Industry; North And Central America; United States; Michigan; Detroit
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      Farronato, Chiara, John J. Horton, Annelena Lobb, and Julia Kelley. "StockX: The Stock Market of Things." Harvard Business School Case 620-062, February 2020.
      • November 2019
      • Article

      How Do Sales Efforts Pay Off? Dynamic Panel Data Analysis in the Nerlove-Arrow Framework

      By: Doug J. Chung, Byungyeon Kim and Byoung G. Park
      This paper evaluates the short- and long-term value of sales representatives’ detailing visits to different types of physicians. By understanding the dynamic effect of sales calls across heterogeneous physicians, we provide guidance on the design of optimal call...  View Details
      Keywords: Nerlove-arrow Framework; Stock-of-goodwill; Dynamic Panel Data; Serial Correlation; Instrumental Variables; Sales Effectiveness; Detailing; Data And Data sets; Sales; analysis; Performance Effectiveness; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Chung, Doug J., Byungyeon Kim, and Byoung G. Park. "How Do Sales Efforts Pay Off? Dynamic Panel Data Analysis in the Nerlove-Arrow Framework." Management Science 65, no. 11 (November 2019): 5197–5218.
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      Bio-Piracy or Prospering Together? Fuzzy Set and Qualitative Analysis of Herbal Patenting by Firms
      The Rules of Standard Setting Organizations: An Empirical Analysis
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