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    • All HBS Web  (2,231)
      • Faculty Publications  (274)

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      Skip to Main Content Cold Call A podcast featuring faculty discussing cases they've written and the lessons they impart. Subscribe on iTunes 29 Sep...
      Cut Payroll Costs with Transparency, Fairness, and Compassion
      2020 has been a challenging year for leaders, their companies, and their employees. When we asked 600 CEOs earlier this year what keeps them awake at...
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      • December 2020
      • Supplement

      The Tulsa Massacre and the Call for Reparations

      By: Mihir A. Desai and Suzanne Antoniou
      How should historic social injustices be addressed? Survivors of the 1921 Tulsa Massacre and their descendants believe they should be addressed through reparations and have consequently continued to push the government of Tulsa to pay reparations for the massacre. In...  View Details
      Keywords: Cost Vs Benefits; Decision Choices And Conditions; Decisions; Judgments; Race; fairness; Moral Sensibility; Values And Beliefs; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Governance; Policy; Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms; Government Legislation; Government And Politics; Government Administration; Lawsuits And Litigation; Legal Liability; Leading Change; Mission And Purpose; Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact; Conflict And Resolution; Conflict Management; Loss; Motivation And Incentives; Perspective; Prejudice And Bias; Civil Society Or Community; Social Issues; Welfare; Tulsa; Oklahoma; United States
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      Desai, Mihir A., and Suzanne Antoniou. "The Tulsa Massacre and the Call for Reparations." Harvard Business School PowerPoint Supplement 221-064, December 2020.
      • December 2020
      • Teaching Note

      The Tulsa Massacre and the Call for Reparations

      By: Mihir A. Desai and Suzanne Antoniou
      How should historic social injustices be addressed? Survivors of the 1921 Tulsa Massacre and their descendants believe they should be addressed through reparations and have consequently continued to push the government of Tulsa to pay reparations for the massacre. In...  View Details
      Keywords: Cost Vs Benefits; Decision Choices And Conditions; Decisions; Judgments; Race; fairness; Moral Sensibility; Values And Beliefs; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Governance; Policy; Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms; Government Legislation; Government And Politics; Government Administration; Lawsuits And Litigation; Legal Liability; Leading Change; Mission And Purpose; Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact; Conflict And Resolution; Conflict Management; Loss; Motivation And Incentives; Perspective; Prejudice And Bias; Civil Society Or Community; Social Issues; Welfare; Tulsa; Oklahoma; United States
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      Desai, Mihir A., and Suzanne Antoniou. "The Tulsa Massacre and the Call for Reparations." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 221-044, December 2020.
      • December 2020
      • Case

      France Télécom (A): A Challenging Restructuring

      By: Cynthia A. Montgomery and Ashley V. Whillans
      These cases explore the impacts of industry shocks, resulting corporate actions that had a devasting impact on employees, and the legal conviction of corporate leaders for “institutional harassment."

      This case series follows the evolution of France Telecom...  View Details
      Keywords: Health & Wellness; Human Resource Management; Strategic Change; Leadership & Corporate Accountability; Leadership And Change Management; Leadership And Managing People; Change; Restructuring; Crime And Corruption; Ethics; Health; Human Capital; Human Resources; Labor; Labor And Management Relations; Labor Unions; Law; Social Psychology; Strategy; Leadership; Leadership Style; Organizations; Problems And Challenges; Relationships; Crisis Management; Organizational Culture; Employees; Well-being; Telecommunications Industry; Europe; European Union
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      Montgomery, Cynthia A., and Ashley V. Whillans. "France Télécom (A): A Challenging Restructuring." Harvard Business School Case 721-420, December 2020.
      • November 2020
      • Teaching Note

      Social Salary Setting at Spiber

      By: Ashley Whillans and John Beshears
      This case tells the story of Spiber, a Japanese technology start-up company. To reflect the company’s values, the leadership team implemented a new and unique salary-setting process: each employee had the authority to choose their own salary. In the course of...  View Details
      Keywords: Compensation; General Management; Employee Benefits; Incentives; Motivation; Compensation And Benefits; fairness; Motivation And Incentives; Management; Happiness; Negotiation; Cross-cultural And Cross-border Issues; Japan
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      Whillans, Ashley, and John Beshears. "Social Salary Setting at Spiber." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 921-014, November 2020.
      • November 2020
      • Case

      Roll-Ups and Surprise Billing: Collisions at the Intersection of Private Equity and Patient Care

      By: Trevor Fetter and Kira Seiger
      This case describes the increasing investment by private equity (PE) firms in patient care and other healthcare services. The case focuses on investments in physician staffing firms and roll-up strategy investments in physician practice management (PPM). Included in...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Acquisition; Mergers And Acquisitions; Business Model; Change; Disruption; Fluctuation; Trends; Customers; Customer Value And Value Chain; Ethics; fairness; Finance; Equity; Insurance; Private Equity; Geography; Geographic Scope; Health; Health Care And Treatment; Markets; Demand And Consumers; Supply And Industry; Industry Structures; Ownership; Ownership Type; Private Ownership; Relationships; Agency Theory; Business And Community Relations; Business And Shareholder Relations; Business And Stakeholder Relations; Networks; Strategy; Competition; Consolidation; Expansion; Integration; Horizontal Integration; Vertical Integration; Value; Value Creation; Health Industry; Insurance Industry; United States
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      Fetter, Trevor, and Kira Seiger. "Roll-Ups and Surprise Billing: Collisions at the Intersection of Private Equity and Patient Care." Harvard Business School Case 321-049, November 2020.
      • October 2020 (Revised December 2020)
      • Case

      The Tulsa Massacre and the Call for Reparations

      By: Mihir A. Desai, Suzanne Antoniou and Leanne Fan
      How should historic social injustices be addressed? Survivors of the 1921 Tulsa Massacre and their descendants believe they should be addressed through reparations and have consequently continued to push the government of Tulsa to pay reparations for the massacre. In...  View Details
      Keywords: Cost Vs Benefits; Decision Choices And Conditions; Decisions; Judgments; Race; fairness; Moral Sensibility; Values And Beliefs; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Governance; Policy; Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms; Government Legislation; Government And Politics; Government Administration; Lawsuits And Litigation; Legal Liability; Leading Change; Mission And Purpose; Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact; Conflict And Resolution; Conflict Management; Loss; Motivation And Incentives; Perspective; Prejudice And Bias; Civil Society Or Community; Social Issues; Tulsa; Oklahoma; United States
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      Desai, Mihir A., Suzanne Antoniou, and Leanne Fan. "The Tulsa Massacre and the Call for Reparations." Harvard Business School Case 221-039, October 2020. (Revised December 2020.)
      • October 2020 (Revised October 2020)
      • Case

      Union Square Hospitality Group: Hospitality Included

      By: Peter Boumgarden, Ryan W. Buell, Lamar Pierce and Richard Ryffel
      In 2015, Union Square Hospitality Group (USHG), helmed by famous restauranteur Danny Meyer, sent shockwaves through the restaurant industry by announcing the end of tipping in its restaurants. Under its new policy, Hospitality Included (HI), USHG would charge higher...  View Details
      Keywords: Restaurants; Tipping; Revenue Sharing; Service Operations; Policy; Change; Human Resources; Management; Food And Beverage Industry
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      Boumgarden, Peter, Ryan W. Buell, Lamar Pierce, and Richard Ryffel. "Union Square Hospitality Group: Hospitality Included." Harvard Business School Case 621-047, October 2020. (Revised October 2020.)
      • September 2020
      • Supplement

      Eaton Corporation: Portfolio Transformation and The Cost of Capital

      By: Benjamin C. Esty, Scott Mayfield and Daniel Fisher
      In 2000, Eaton Corporation was a broadly diversified industrial conglomerate. But its strategy was evolving and its focus was narrowing around “power management” and more recently on “intelligent power,” the use of digitally enabled products and services designed to...  View Details
      Keywords: Mergers And Acquisitions; Business Conglomerates; Business Divisions; Cost Of Capital; Corporate Finance; Value; Valuation; Industrial Products Industry; United States; Denmark; Republic Of Ireland
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      Esty, Benjamin C., Scott Mayfield, and Daniel Fisher. "Eaton Corporation: Portfolio Transformation and The Cost of Capital." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 221-704, September 2020.
      • September 2020
      • Case

      Eaton Corporation: Portfolio Transformation and The Cost of Capital

      By: Benjamin C. Esty, E. Scott Mayfield and Daniel Fisher
      In 2000, Eaton Corporation was a broadly diversified industrial conglomerate. But its strategy was evolving and its focus was narrowing around “power management” and more recently on “intelligent power,” the use of digitally enabled products and services designed to...  View Details
      Keywords: Mergers And Acquisitions; Business Conglomerates; Business Divisions; Cost Of Capital; Corporate Finance; Value; Valuation; Industrial Products Industry; United States; Denmark; Republic Of Ireland
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      Esty, Benjamin C., E. Scott Mayfield, and Daniel Fisher. "Eaton Corporation: Portfolio Transformation and The Cost of Capital." Harvard Business School Case 221-006, September 2020.
      • September 2020
      • Case

      Uber at a Crossroads (2017)

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Karen Elterman
      This case describes the history of Uber, its business model—including the ways it differed from that of the traditional taxi industry—and its competition with Lyft. The case is set in 2017, a year in which Uber was plagued by even more scandals than usual, though its...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Business Model; Customer Satisfaction; fairness; Values And Beliefs; Price; Profit; Revenue; Investment; Government Legislation; Business History; Compensation And Benefits; Resignation And Termination; Employment; Wages; Lawfulness; Leadership Style; Leading Change; Management Style; Market Entry And Exit; Two-sided Platforms; Product Design; Organizational Culture; Problems And Challenges; Attitudes; Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Expansion; Transportation Networks; Mobile Technology; Technology Platform; Valuation; Transportation Industry; Technology Industry; United States
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Karen Elterman. "Uber at a Crossroads (2017)." Harvard Business School Case 721-376, September 2020.
      • June 2020
      • Article

      How Scheduling Can Bias Quality Assessment: Evidence from Food Safety Inspections

      By: Maria Ibanez and Michael W. Toffel
      Accuracy and consistency are critical for inspections to be an effective, fair, and useful tool for assessing risks, quality, and suppliers—and for making decisions based on those assessments. We examine how inspector schedules could introduce bias that erodes...  View Details
      Keywords: Assessment; Bias; Inspection; Scheduling; Econometric Analysis; Empirical Research; Regulation; Health; Food; Safety; Quality; Performance Consistency; Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms
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      Ibanez, Maria, and Michael W. Toffel. "How Scheduling Can Bias Quality Assessment: Evidence from Food Safety Inspections." Management Science 66, no. 6 (June 2020): 2396–2416. (Revised February 2019. Featured in Harvard Business Review, Forbes, Food Safety Magazine, Food Safety News, and KelloggInsight.)
      • April 29, 2020
      • Article

      How Should We Allocate Scarce Medical Resources?

      By: Max Bazerman, Regan Bernhard, Joshua D. Greene, Karen Huang and Netta Barak-Corren
      Who should get a ventilator if there aren’t enough to go around? Research on decision making leads to three concrete guidelines that policy-makers and physicians can use to make fair choices when allocating scarce, life-saving resources. The key to making fair and...  View Details
      Keywords: Covid-19; Health Pandemics; Resource Allocation; Decision Making; Policy; fairness; Ethics
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      Bazerman, Max, Regan Bernhard, Joshua D. Greene, Karen Huang, and Netta Barak-Corren. "How Should We Allocate Scarce Medical Resources?" Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (April 29, 2020).
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Spreading the Health: Americans' Estimated and Ideal Distributions of Death and Health(care)

      By: Sorapop Kiatpongsan and Michael I. Norton
      The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act intensified debates over the role of government in the distribution of healthcare. A nationally-representative sample of Americans reported their estimated and ideal distributions of healthcare (unmet need for...  View Details
      Keywords: Healthcare; Mortality; Inequality; Justice; Equity; Health; Health Care And Treatment; Equality And Inequality; fairness; Public Opinion; United States
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      Kiatpongsan, Sorapop, and Michael I. Norton. "Spreading the Health: Americans' Estimated and Ideal Distributions of Death and Health(care)." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-114, April 2020.
      • March 2020 (Revised August 2020)
      • Case

      Culture at Google

      By: Nien-hê Hsieh, Amy Klopfenstein and Sarah Mehta
      Beginning in 2017, technology (tech) company Google faced a series of employee-relations issues that threatened its unique culture of innovation and open communication. Issues included protests surrounding Google’s contracts with the U.S. government, restrictions of...  View Details
      Keywords: Human Resources; Employee Relationship Management; Recruitment; Retention; Resignation And Termination; Labor; Working Conditions; Employment; Labor Unions; Wages; Law; Lawsuits And Litigation; Rights; Ethics; Values And Beliefs; fairness; Organizations; Organizational Culture; Mission And Purpose; Social Psychology; Attitudes; Behavior; Conflict Management; Trust; Motivation And Incentives; Prejudice And Bias; Power And Influence; Technology; Search Technology; Web; Hardware; Society; Social Issues; Culture; Civil Society Or Community; Demographics; Diversity; Ethnicity; Gender; Race; Technology Industry; North And Central America; United States; California
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      Hsieh, Nien-hê, Amy Klopfenstein, and Sarah Mehta. "Culture at Google." Harvard Business School Case 320-050, March 2020. (Revised August 2020.)
      • February 2020
      • Article

      Effects of a Tournament Incentive Plan Incorporating Managerial Discretion in a Geographically Dispersed Organization

      By: Carolyn Deller and Tatiana Sandino
      Using retail chain data, we study the effects of a tournament incentive plan based primarily on objective performance, but incorporating managerial discretion in the selection of winners. In principle, such plans could motivate employees to perform both at a high...  View Details
      Keywords: Tournaments; Subjectivity; Motivation And Incentives; fairness; Performance Improvement; Geographic Location
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      Deller, Carolyn, and Tatiana Sandino. "Effects of a Tournament Incentive Plan Incorporating Managerial Discretion in a Geographically Dispersed Organization." Management Science 66, no. 2 (February 2020): 911–931.
      • January 2020
      • Article

      Rethinking Measurement of Pay Disparity and Its Relation to Firm Performance

      By: Ethan Rouen
      I develop measures of firm-level pay disparity and examine their relation to firm performance. Using comprehensive compensation data for a large sample of firms, I find no statistically significant relation between the ratio of CEO-to-mean employee compensation and...  View Details
      Keywords: Pay Disparity; Pay Ratio; Ceo Pay Ratio; Income Inequality; Executive Compensation; Employees; Wages; Equality And Inequality; Business Ventures; Performance
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      Rouen, Ethan. "Rethinking Measurement of Pay Disparity and Its Relation to Firm Performance." Accounting Review 95, no. 1 (January 2020): 343–378.
      • December 2019
      • Case

      Steemit: A New Social Media?

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Alexander White and Karen Elterman
      This case discusses the alternative social media site Steemit, including the principles it was founded on in 2016 and the challenges it faced in 2019. Steemit was a blockchain-based platform that aimed to differentiate itself from other social media companies by...  View Details
      Keywords: Social Media; Decision Making; Decisions; Voting; Economic Systems; Money; fairness; Values And Beliefs; Goals And Objectives; Market Platforms; Product Design; Design; Problems And Challenges; Network Effects; Motivation And Incentives; Social And Collaborative Networks; Reputation; Business Strategy; Competition; Online Technology; Entertainment And Recreation Industry; United States; Virginia; New York (city, Ny)
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, Alexander White, and Karen Elterman. "Steemit: A New Social Media?" Harvard Business School Case 720-428, December 2019.
      • December 2019 (Revised January 2020)
      • Case

      Boll & Branch

      By: Leonard A. Schlesinger and Mel Martin
      Boll & Branch is a direct-to-consumer (DTC) business launched in 2015. It was the first Fair-Trade Certified manufacturer of linens. The case provides background on the company, its start, business model, and evolution through 2019.  View Details
      Keywords: Direct-to-consumer; Channels; Disruption; Business Model; Brands And Branding; Online Technology; Strategy; Retail Industry; United States; Canada
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      Schlesinger, Leonard A., and Mel Martin. "Boll & Branch." Harvard Business School Case 320-052, December 2019. (Revised January 2020.)
      • November 26, 2019
      • Article

      Veil-of-Ignorance Reasoning Favors the Greater Good

      By: Karen Huang, Joshua D. Greene and Max Bazerman
      The “veil of ignorance” is a moral reasoning device designed to promote impartial decision-making by denying decision-makers access to potentially biasing information about who will benefit most or least from the available options. Veil-of-ignorance reasoning was...  View Details
      Keywords: Policy Making; Procedural Justice; Ethics; Decision Making; Policy; fairness
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      Huang, Karen, Joshua D. Greene, and Max Bazerman. "Veil-of-Ignorance Reasoning Favors the Greater Good." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 48 (November 26, 2019).
      • November 2019
      • Article

      Procedural Justice and the Risks of Consumer Voting

      By: Tami Kim, Leslie John, Todd Rogers and Michael I. Norton
      Firms are increasingly giving consumers the vote. Eight studies demonstrate that when firms empower consumers to vote, consumers infer a series of implicit promises—even in the absence of explicit promises. We identify three implicit promises to which consumers react...  View Details
      Keywords: Consumer Empowerment; Voting; Procedural Justice; Promises; Customer Relationship Management; Voting; Perception; fairness; Risk Management
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      Kim, Tami, Leslie John, Todd Rogers, and Michael I. Norton. "Procedural Justice and the Risks of Consumer Voting." Management Science 65, no. 11 (November 2019): 5234–5251.
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      Fairness
      Skip to Main Content Cold Call A podcast featuring faculty discussing cases they've written and the lessons they impart. Subscribe on iTunes 29 Sep...
      Cut Payroll Costs with Transparency, Fairness, and Compassion
      2020 has been a challenging year for leaders, their companies, and their employees. When we asked 600 CEOs earlier this year what keeps them awake at...
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