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      • September 2025
      • Article

      Using Satellites and Phones to Evaluate and Promote Agricultural Technology Adoption: Evidence from Smallholder Farms in India

      By: Shawn Cole, Tomoko Harigaya, Grady Killeen and Aparna Krishna
      This paper evaluates a low-cost, customized soil nutrient management advisory service in India. As a methodological contribution, we examine whether and in which settings satellite measurements may be effective at estimating both agricultural yields and treatment... View Details
      Keywords: Measurement and Metrics; Mathematical Methods; Analytics and Data Science; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; India
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      Cole, Shawn, Tomoko Harigaya, Grady Killeen, and Aparna Krishna. "Using Satellites and Phones to Evaluate and Promote Agricultural Technology Adoption: Evidence from Smallholder Farms in India." Journal of Development Economics 176 (September 2025).
      • May 2025
      • Teaching Note

      From oneworld to a New World? LATAM’s High-Stakes Alliance Dilemma

      By: Juan Alcacer and Valentina Tarzijan
      As global alliances evolve and regulatory barriers mount, LATAM Airlines must reassess the strategic logic of partnerships. In 2019, Delta Air Lines proposed a $1.9 billion investment and deeper cooperation via a Joint Business Agreement, prompting LATAM to evaluate... View Details
      Keywords: Latin America; North America
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      Alcacer, Juan, and Valentina Tarzijan. "From oneworld to a New World? LATAM’s High-Stakes Alliance Dilemma." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 725-454, May 2025.
      • May 2025
      • Case

      From oneworld to a New World? LATAM’s High-Stakes Alliance Dilemma

      By: Juan Alcacer and Valentina Tarzijan
      As global alliances evolve and regulatory barriers mount, LATAM Airlines must reassess the strategic logic of partnerships. In 2019, Delta Air Lines proposed a $1.9 billion investment and deeper cooperation via a Joint Business Agreement, prompting LATAM to evaluate... View Details
      Keywords: Aviation; Airlines; Transportation; Latin America; North America
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      Alcacer, Juan, and Valentina Tarzijan. "From oneworld to a New World? LATAM’s High-Stakes Alliance Dilemma." Harvard Business School Case 725-453, May 2025.
      • May 2025
      • Case

      Windsurf and the AI Code Assistant Market

      By: Suraj Srinivasan, Sudhanshu Nath Mishra and Radhika Kak
      In April 2025, the founding team of Windsurf, an AI start-up specializing in code generation gathered in Mountain View, California, to assess its remarkable year of growth. The company had scaled from a niche GitHub Copilot alternative to a breakout player with over... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Venture Capital; Innovation Leadership; Technological Innovation; Technology Industry; United States
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, Sudhanshu Nath Mishra, and Radhika Kak. "Windsurf and the AI Code Assistant Market." Harvard Business School Case 125-111, May 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Case

      Japan Industrial Partners Powers the Leveraged Buyout of Toshiba

      By: Brian K. Baik, Joseph Pacelli and James Barnett
      The case explores Japan Industrial Partners (JIP) $14 billion takeover of Toshiba Corporation (Toshiba). JIP was a private equity firm that took over the troubled electronics corporation in late 2023. The deal, which had been labeled one of the largest leveraged... View Details
      Keywords: International Accounting; Borrowing and Debt; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Ownership; Risk and Uncertainty; Strategy; Valuation; Leveraged Buyouts; Restructuring; Capital Structure; Cost of Capital; Private Equity; Bids and Bidding; Accounting Industry; Electronics Industry; Energy Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Semiconductor Industry; Asia; Japan
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      Baik, Brian K., Joseph Pacelli, and James Barnett. "Japan Industrial Partners Powers the Leveraged Buyout of Toshiba." Harvard Business School Case 125-055, April 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Case

      The CHIPS Program Office (Abridged)

      By: Mitch Weiss and Sebastian Negron-Reichard
      In February 2023, U.S. Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo weighed signing off on a Notice of Funding Opportunity (“NOFO”) with at least one unconventional provision: a pre-application (“pre-app”) to the actual application for parts of $39 billion in direct semiconductor... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Public Sector; Government Administration; Government Legislation; Motivation and Incentives; Semiconductor Industry; Public Administration Industry; United States
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      Weiss, Mitch, and Sebastian Negron-Reichard. "The CHIPS Program Office (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 825-192, April 2025.
      • March 2025 (Revised May 2025)
      • Case

      Xfund and Sam Altman: Finding Harvard’s Best Generative AI Founders

      By: Suraj Srinivasan
      On May 1, 2024, Xfund Managing Partners Patrick Chung and Brandon Farwell, hosted a high-stakes venture pitch session designed to select one startup for a minimum $100,000 investment. This “Xperiment Stake” competition, dedicated to startups in the Generative AI... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Venture Capital; Innovation Leadership; Technological Innovation; Technology Industry; United States
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      Srinivasan, Suraj. "Xfund and Sam Altman: Finding Harvard’s Best Generative AI Founders." Harvard Business School Case 125-090, March 2025. (Revised May 2025.)
      • March 2025 (Revised May 2025)
      • Case

      ING Türkiye: Flexible Work in a Competitive Banking Environment

      By: Ashley Whillans and Nico Schaefer
      This case explores ING Türkiye’s journey toward workplace flexibility within the traditionally conservative Turkish banking sector. Beginning with early remote work experiments in 2015 and culminating in the FlexING model, by 2024 ING Türkiye had positioned itself as a... View Details
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      Whillans, Ashley, and Nico Schaefer. "ING Türkiye: Flexible Work in a Competitive Banking Environment." Harvard Business School Case 925-027, March 2025. (Revised May 2025.)
      • March 2025
      • Article

      Does Communicating Measurable Diversity Goals Attract or Repel Historically Marginalized Job Applicants? Evidence from the Lab and Field

      By: Erika L. Kirgios, Ike Silver and Edward H. Chang
      Many organizations struggle to attract a demographically diverse workforce. How does adding a measurable goal to a public diversity commitment—for example, “We care about diversity” versus “We care about diversity and plan to hire at least one woman or racial minority... View Details
      Keywords: Selection and Staffing; Recruitment; Diversity; Goals and Objectives; Communication Intention and Meaning; Behavior
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      Kirgios, Erika L., Ike Silver, and Edward H. Chang. "Does Communicating Measurable Diversity Goals Attract or Repel Historically Marginalized Job Applicants? Evidence from the Lab and Field." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 154, no. 3 (March 2025): 624–643.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Code-Washing: Evidence from Open-Source Blockchain Startups

      By: Ofir Gefen, Daniel Rabetti, Yannan Sun and Che Zhang
      This study examines startups' management of source code repositories, distinguishing authentic developers ("code-producers''), from those inflating activity to mislead investors ("code-washers''). Using global blockchain startup and GitHub data, we find that... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurial Finance; Open Source Distribution; Business Startups
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      Gefen, Ofir, Daniel Rabetti, Yannan Sun, and Che Zhang. "Code-Washing: Evidence from Open-Source Blockchain Startups." Working Paper, January 2025.
      • February 2025
      • Case

      Blue Owl Financing of Ping Identity

      By: Victoria Ivashina and Srimayi Mylavarapu
      In the fall of 2022, Blue Owl Capital's investment committee evaluated a potential investment in the technology sector. The proposed transaction centered on Ping Identity Corporation (“Ping”), a fast-growing identity access management (IAM) software company that was... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Borrowing and Debt; Cash Flow; Investment; Privatization; Financial Services Industry; Technology Industry
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and Srimayi Mylavarapu. "Blue Owl Financing of Ping Identity." Harvard Business School Case 225-078, February 2025.
      • February 2025
      • Case

      Doing Business in Kigali, Rwanda

      By: Andy Zelleke, Martin A. Sinozich, Julianne Bliss and Choetsow Tenzin
      Rwanda’s transformation from a post-genocide recovery effort to one of Africa’s fastest-growing economies presents a compelling case for investors and business leaders. With an ambitious Vision 2050 strategy, Kigali has emerged as a regional hub for trade, innovation,... View Details
      Keywords: Business History; International Relations; Government and Politics; Foreign Direct Investment; Culture; Transformation; Developing Countries and Economies; Economic Growth; Emerging Markets; Rwanda
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      Zelleke, Andy, Martin A. Sinozich, Julianne Bliss, and Choetsow Tenzin. "Doing Business in Kigali, Rwanda." Harvard Business School Case 325-087, February 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Using Satellites and Phones to Evaluate and Promote Agricultural Technology Adoption: Evidence from Smallholder Farms in India

      By: Shawn Cole, Grady Killeen, Tomoko Harigaya and Aparna Krishna
      This paper evaluates a low-cost, customized soil nutrient management advisory service in India. As a methodological contribution, we examine whether and in which settings satellite measurements may be effective at estimating both agricultural yields and treatment... View Details
      Keywords: Performance Evaluation; Technology Adoption; Measurement and Metrics; Analytics and Data Science; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; India
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      Cole, Shawn, Grady Killeen, Tomoko Harigaya, and Aparna Krishna. "Using Satellites and Phones to Evaluate and Promote Agricultural Technology Adoption: Evidence from Smallholder Farms in India." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-035, January 2025.
      • February 2025
      • Article

      Innovations in Evaluating Ambulatory Costs of Cystic Fibrosis Care: A Comparative Study Across Multidisciplinary Care Centers in Ireland and the United States

      By: Emma Brady, Ryan C. Perkins, Kate Cullen, Gregory S. Sawicki, Robert S. Kaplan and Gerardine Doyle
      Lead clinicians at two large pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) centers in the United States and Ireland measured and compared their ambulatory care costs. The clinicians selected three strata of patients (0–11 months, 1–5 years, and 6–17 years of age). Process maps were... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Cost; Service Delivery; Resource Allocation; Health Industry
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      Brady, Emma, Ryan C. Perkins, Kate Cullen, Gregory S. Sawicki, Robert S. Kaplan, and Gerardine Doyle. "Innovations in Evaluating Ambulatory Costs of Cystic Fibrosis Care: A Comparative Study Across Multidisciplinary Care Centers in Ireland and the United States." NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery 6, no. 2 (February 2025).
      • January 2025
      • Case

      Index and Active Investing: Vanguard and the New Frontier of Active ETFs

      By: Marco Sammon, Luis M. Viceira and Jonathan Kanagasabai
      This case explores Vanguard’s strategic decision-making process as it considers entering the growing market for actively managed exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Set in 2024, the case places students in the position of Rodney Comegys, Vanguard’s global head of the Equity... View Details
      Keywords: Asset Management; Financial Strategy; Investment Funds; Investment Portfolio; Financial Services Industry
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      Sammon, Marco, Luis M. Viceira, and Jonathan Kanagasabai. "Index and Active Investing: Vanguard and the New Frontier of Active ETFs." Harvard Business School Case 225-056, January 2025.
      • January–February 2025
      • Article

      The Double-Edged Sword of Exemplar Similarity

      By: Majid Majzoubi, Eric Zhao, Tiona Zuzul and Greg Fisher
      We investigate how a firm’s positioning relative to category exemplars shapes security analysts’ evaluations. Using a two-stage model of evaluation (initial screening and subsequent assessment), we propose that exemplar similarity enhances a firm’s recognizability and... View Details
      Keywords: Natural Language Processing; Analytics and Data Science; Performance Evaluation
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      Majzoubi, Majid, Eric Zhao, Tiona Zuzul, and Greg Fisher. "The Double-Edged Sword of Exemplar Similarity." Organization Science 36, no. 1 (January–February 2025): 121–144.
      • December 2024
      • Article

      Public Attitudes on Performance for Algorithmic and Human Decision-Makers

      By: Kirk Bansak and Elisabeth Paulson
      This study explores public preferences for algorithmic and human decision-makers (DMs) in high-stakes contexts, how these preferences are shaped by performance metrics, and whether public evaluations of performance differ depending on the type of DM. Leveraging a... View Details
      Keywords: Public Opinion; Prejudice and Bias; Decision Making
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      Bansak, Kirk, and Elisabeth Paulson. "Public Attitudes on Performance for Algorithmic and Human Decision-Makers." PNAS Nexus 3, no. 12 (December 2024).
      • November 2024
      • Case

      Polish Agro: Where Do We Grow from Here?

      By: Willy C. Shih, Lena Duchene and Daniela Beyersdorfer
      By July 2024, Polish Agro had grown into one of Poland’s fastest-growing agribusinesses, with €230 million in revenue, 82 employees, and operations across Northern Poland. The company supported farmers with essential agricultural inputs like fertilizers and seeds,... View Details
      Keywords: Plant-Based Agribusiness; Distribution; Volatility; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customer Value and Value Chain; Climate Change; Environmental Regulation; Profit; Trade; Digital Strategy; Innovation Strategy; Crisis Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Resource Allocation; Advertising; Brands and Branding; E-commerce; Business and Community Relations; Networks; Adaptation; Adoption; Competitive Advantage; Business Model; Health Pandemics; War; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Europe; Poland
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      Shih, Willy C., Lena Duchene, and Daniela Beyersdorfer. "Polish Agro: Where Do We Grow from Here?" Harvard Business School Case 625-061, November 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Scaling Core Earnings Measurement with Large Language Models

      By: Matthew Shaffer and Charles CY Wang
      We study the application of large language models (LLMs) to the estimation of core earnings, i.e., a firm's persistent profitability from its core business activities. This construct is central to investors' assessments of economic performance and valuations. However,... View Details
      Keywords: Large Language Models; AI and Machine Learning; Accounting; Profit; Corporate Disclosure; Analytics and Data Science; Measurement and Metrics
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      Shaffer, Matthew, and Charles CY Wang. "Scaling Core Earnings Measurement with Large Language Models." Working Paper, November 2024.
      • November 2024 (Revised January 2025)
      • Case

      MiDAS: Automating Unemployment Benefits

      By: Shikhar Ghosh and Shweta Bagai
      In 2015, the state of Michigan considered whether to nominate its Michigan Integrated Data Automated System (MiDAS) for a prestigious state technology award. Launched in 2013 amid severe budget pressures, the $47 million automated fraud detection system was designed to... View Details
      Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; AI; Machine Learning Models; Algorithmic Data; Automation; Benefits; Compensation; Cost Reduction; Government; Fraud; Government Technology; Public Sector; Systems; Systems Integration; Unemployment Insurance; Waste Heat Recovery; AI and Machine Learning; Government Administration; Insurance; Decision Making; Digital Transformation; Employment; Public Administration Industry; United States; Michigan
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, and Shweta Bagai. "MiDAS: Automating Unemployment Benefits." Harvard Business School Case 825-100, November 2024. (Revised January 2025.)
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