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- 2020
- Article
Research on Corporate Sustainability: Review and Directions for Future Research
By: Jody Grewal and George Serafeim
We review the literature on corporate sustainability and provide directions for future research. Our review focuses on three actions: measuring, managing and communicating corporate sustainability performance. Measurement is the least developed of the three and...
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Keywords:
Sustainability;
Sustainability Reporting;
Sustainability Management;
Nonfinancial Disclosure;
Nonfinancial Information;
Nonfinancial Performance;
Materiality;
Esg;
Esg (environmental, Social, Governance) Performance;
Esg (environmental, Social, Governance) Performance;
Esg Disclosure;
Esg Disclosure Metrics;
Esg Ratings;
Esg Reporting;
Inequality;
Corporate Social Responsibility;
Accounting;
Finance;
Management;
Strategy;
Environmental Sustainability;
Climate Change;
Diversity;
Equality And Inequality;
Corporate disclosure;
Measurement And metrics;
Corporate Governance;
Corporate Accountability;
Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact
- Article
Human Capital and the Future of Work: Implications for Investors and ESG Integration
By: Sakis Kotsantonis and George Serafeim
Human capital development (HCD) is a key consideration for most companies, but only recently have investors focused on understanding the risks and opportunities related to human capital with the emergence of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investment...
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- January 2020 (Revised July 2020)
- Case
BlackRock: Linking Purpose to Profit
The case revolves around the actions that Barbara Novick, co-founder and Vice-Chair of Blackrock, and Michelle Edkins, Global Head of Investment Stewardship, would need to take in response to the controversial CEO letters from Laurence (Larry) Fink, Chairman and CEO of...
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Keywords:
Boards Of Directors;
Institutional Investors;
disclosure;
Transparency;
Corporate Purpose;
Corporate Profits;
Esg;
Esg Disclosure Metrics;
Corporate Sustainability;
Engagement Strategy Of Institutions;
Stewardship Role Of Institutions;
Blackrock;
Corporate Governance;
Governing And Advisory Boards;
Institutional Investing;
Accounting;
Corporate disclosure;
Mission And Purpose;
Profit;
Environmental Sustainability;
Climate Change;
Diversity;
Corporate Accountability;
Financial Services Industry;
United States
- 2020
- Working Paper
How ESG Issues Become Financially Material to Corporations and Their Investors
By: David Freiberg, Jean Rogers and George Serafeim
Management and disclosure of environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues have received substantial interest over the last decade. In this paper, we outline a framework of how ESG issues become financially material, affecting corporate profitability and valuation....
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Keywords:
Materiality;
Esg;
Pharmaceutical Companies;
Business Ethics;
Sustainability;
Environment;
disclosure;
Disclosure And Access;
Regulation;
Social Impact;
Environmental Sustainability;
Social Issues;
Corporate Governance;
Ethics;
Corporate disclosure;
Corporate Accountability;
Resource Allocation;
Finance;
Accounting;
Valuation
- 2019
- Chapter
The Consequences of Mandatory Corporate Sustainability Reporting
By: Ioannis Ioannou and George Serafeim
A key aspect of the governance process inside organizations and markets is the measurement and disclosure of important metrics and information. In this chapter, we examine the effect of sustainability disclosure regulations on firms’ disclosure practices and...
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Keywords:
Mandatory Disclosure;
Mandatory Reporting;
Sustainability;
Corporate Social Responsibility;
Social Impact;
Valuation;
Corporate Governance;
China;
South Africa;
Europe;
Asia;
Regulation;
Corporate disclosure;
Integrated Corporate Reporting;
Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact;
Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms;
Corporate Governance;
China;
Denmark;
Malaysia;
South Africa
- 2019
- White Paper
Impact-Weighted Financial Accounts: The Missing Piece for an Impact Economy
By: George Serafeim, T. Robert Zochowski and Jennifer Downing
Reimagining capitalism is an imperative. We need to create a more inclusive and sustainable form of capitalism that works for every person and the planet. Massive environmental damage, growing income and wealth disparity, stress, and depression within developed...
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- July 2019
- Article
Market Reaction to Mandatory Nonfinancial Disclosure
By: Jody Grewal, Edward J. Riedl and George Serafeim
We examine the equity market reaction to events associated with the passage of a directive in the European Union (EU) mandating increased nonfinancial disclosure. These disclosures relate to firms’ environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and would be...
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Keywords:
Nonfinancial Information;
Nonfinancial Performance;
Esg;
Esg (environmental, Social, Governance) Performance;
Investor Behavior;
disclosure;
Disclosure Regulation;
Regulation;
Sustainability;
Corporate Performance;
Information;
Corporate disclosure;
Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms;
Performance;
Environmental Sustainability;
Corporate Governance;
Outcome Or Result
- Article
Four Things No One Will Tell You About ESG Data
By: Sakis Kotsantonis and George Serafeim
As the ESG finance field and the use of ESG data in investment decision-making continue to grow, the authors seek to shed light on several important aspects of ESG measurement and data. This article is intended to provide a useful guide for the rapidly rising number of...
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Keywords:
Esg;
Esg (environmental, Social, Governance) Performance;
Esg Reporting;
Data Analytics;
Sustainability;
Sustainability Reporting;
Csr;
Transparency;
Investment Management;
Socially Responsible Investing;
Sustainable Finance;
Sustainable Development;
Climate Change;
Inclusion;
Inclusive Growth;
Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact;
Corporate Accountability;
Investment;
Management;
Climate Change;
Corporate Governance;
Diversity;
Integrated Corporate Reporting
- November 2018 (Revised June 2019)
- Case
JANA Partners: Impact through Activism?
By: Vikram S. Gandhi and Caitlin Reimers Brumme
Jana Partners, a well-known “activist” hedge fund has announced the launch of a new fund Jana Impact. The basic premise is that the fund will be able to generate superior returns by using Jana’s activist approach with companies that are underperforming on ESG metrics....
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- October 2018
- Supplement
JetBlue: Relevant Sustainability Leadership (B)
By: George Serafeim and David Freiberg
The case outlines JetBlue's decision to disclose according to the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) standards and the ESG metrics they began reporting. Data on resulting changes in institutional ownership are also provided.
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- October 2017 (Revised October 2018)
- Case
JetBlue: Relevant Sustainability Leadership (A)
By: George Serafeim and David Freiberg
In 2017, JetBlue, the airline founded on the mission to “bring humanity back to air travel”, was considering becoming one of the first companies to report its sustainability performance according to the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) standards. SASB...
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Keywords:
Sustainability;
metrics;
Leadership And Change Management;
Airlines;
Innovation;
Purpose;
Esg;
Esg (environmental, Social, Governance) Performance;
Sustainability Reporting;
Change Management;
Leadership;
Financial Reporting;
Environmental Sustainability;
Mission And Purpose;
Air Transportation Industry;
United States
- Article
ESG Integration in Investment Management: Myths and Realities
By: Sakis Kotsantonis, Christopher Pinney and George Serafeim
The authors’ aim in this article is to set the record straight on the financial performance of sustainable investing while also correcting a number of other widespread misconceptions about this rapidly growing set of principles and methods.
Myth Number 1:...
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- March 2016 (Revised April 2019)
- Technical Note
ESG Metrics: Reshaping Capitalism?
By: George Serafeim and Jody Grewal
In the past twenty-five years, the world had seen an exponential growth in the number of companies reporting environmental, social and governance (ESG) data. Investor interest in ESG data also grew rapidly. A growing belief that increasing levels of social inequality...
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Keywords:
Capitalism;
Sustainability;
Accountability;
Corporate Social Responsibility;
Responsibilities To Society;
Environment;
Social Impact Investment;
Esg;
Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact;
Environmental Sustainability;
Measurement And metrics;
Integrated Corporate Reporting;
Corporate Accountability;
Accounting;
Economic Systems
- November 2014
- Article
The Impact of Corporate Sustainability on Organizational Processes and Performance
By: Robert G. Eccles, Ioannis Ioannou and George Serafeim
We investigate the effect of corporate sustainability on organizational processes and performance. Using a matched sample of 180 U.S. companies, we find that corporations that voluntarily adopted sustainability policies by 1993—termed as High Sustainability...
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Keywords:
Sustainability;
Sustainability Management;
Sustainability Research;
Sustainability Reporting;
Sustainability Targets;
Corporate Social Responsibility;
Corporate Accountability;
Reporting;
Corporate Governance;
Investor Clientele;
Investor Communication;
Stock Market;
Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact;
Environmental Sustainability;
Performance;
United States
- Spring 2012
- Article
The Need for Sector-Specific Materiality and Sustainability Reporting Standards
By: Robert G. Eccles, Michael P. Krzus, Jean Rogers and George Serafeim
Even though the supply of sustainability information has increased considerably in the last decade, companies are still failing to disclose material information in a comparable format. We believe this has two downsides. On the one hand, companies are not adequately...
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- September – October 2011
- Article
The Rise and Consequences of Corporate Sustainability Reporting
By: Ioannis Ioannou and George Serafeim
For many decades the cornerstone of corporate reporting has been financial information that is presented in a company's annual, semi-annual, and quarterly reports. These comprehensive financial reports—required by law for public companies in most countries...
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- Article
Market Interest in Nonfinancial Information
By: R. G. Eccles, Michael P. Krzus and George Serafeim
Market interest in nonfinancial (e.g., Environmental, Social, and Governance [ESG]) information, including data produced by the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), is growing. Using data from Bloomberg we analyze this interest from a variety of different perspectives, and...
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- June 2011 (Revised February 2013)
- Case
Mandatory Environmental, Social, and Governance Disclosure in the European Union
By: Robert G. Eccles, George Serafeim and Phillip Andrews
In 2011, the European Commission was deciding on how to best modify the existing European Union policy on corporate disclosure of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) information. Previous directives had recommended that European companies report ESG...
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- May 23, 2011
- Article
Leading and Lagging Countries in Contributing to a Sustainable Society
By: Robert G. Eccles and George Serafeim
To determine the extent to which corporate and investor behavior is changing to contribute to a more sustainable society, researchers Robert Eccles and George Serafeim analyzed data involving over 2,000 companies in 23 countries. One result: a ranking of countries...
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- April 2011
- Case
Daniel Kim's Dilemma (A)
By: Bill George and Natalie Kindred
Daniel Kim was considering "blowing the whistle" on his friend, the CEO of a fast-growing startup where Kim had spent most of his professional career. When Kim joined the company, called Cardio-Metric, in 2002, it consisted of seven young engineers (including its two...
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