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    • Faculty Publications  (127)

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    • All HBS Web  (582)
      • Faculty Publications  (127)

      Equity Valuation Remove Equity Valuation →

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      Private Equity Valuation in Emerging Markets
      Basic Ratio Analysis and Equity Valuation
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      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Determinants of Early-Stage Startup Performance: Survey Results

      By: Thomas R. Eisenmann
      To explore determinants of new venture performance, the CEOs of 470 early-stage startups were surveyed regarding a broad range of factors related to their venture’s customer value proposition, product management, marketing, technology and operations, financial...  View Details
      Keywords: Startups; Survey Research; Performance Analysis; Entrepreneurship; Performance; Analysis; Business Startups; Failure; Surveys
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      Eisenmann, Thomas R. "Determinants of Early-Stage Startup Performance: Survey Results." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-057, October 2020.
      • September 2020
      • Case

      Summit Partners: Independent Vetcare

      By: Victoria Ivashina and Terrence Shu
      This case follows Summit Partners, a leading growth equity firm, as it evaluates an investment opportunity in IVC, a veterinary care group in the U.K. market. The case allows students to articulate and evaluate the investment thesis of this transaction. Additionally,...  View Details
      Keywords: Growth Equity; Investment Evaluation; Private equity; Investment; Decision Making; valuation
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and Terrence Shu. "Summit Partners: Independent Vetcare." Harvard Business School Case 221-024, September 2020.
      • August 2020
      • Technical Note

      Discounted Cash Flows (DCF) Valuation Methods and Their Application in Private Equity

      By: Victoria Ivashina
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      Ivashina, Victoria. "Discounted Cash Flows (DCF) Valuation Methods and Their Application in Private Equity." Harvard Business School Technical Note 221-012, August 2020.
      • May 2020
      • Case

      Valuing Peloton

      By: E. Scott Mayfield
      Peloton Interactive, a well-known venture-capital-backed unicorn in the connected fitness space, recently had gone public with a market capitalization of over $8.0 billion. However, in the weeks following its public debut, Peloton’s stock price had fallen by over 25%....  View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Public equity; Initial Public Offering; Disruptive Innovation; Business Strategy; valuation; Entertainment And Recreation Industry; United States
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      Mayfield, E. Scott. "Valuing Peloton." Harvard Business School Case 220-060, May 2020.
      • March 2020 (Revised May 2020)
      • Case

      CIAM: Home-Grown Shareholder Activism in France

      By: Charles C.Y. Wang, Tonia Labruyere and Vincent Dessain
      The case discusses the strategy of CIAM, a French activist investment firm, involved in a case of a buy-out of minority shareholders in the telecommunications sector. Altice NV, an international telecommunications company based in the Netherlands that owned more than...  View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Governance; Private equity; Strategy; valuation; Investment Activism; Financial Services Industry; France
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      Wang, Charles C.Y., Tonia Labruyere, and Vincent Dessain. "CIAM: Home-Grown Shareholder Activism in France." Harvard Business School Case 120-072, March 2020. (Revised May 2020.)
      • January 2020
      • Article

      How Do Venture Capitalists Make Decisions?

      By: Paul A. Gompers, William Gornall, Steven N. Kaplan and Ilya A. Strebulaev
      We survey 885 institutional venture capitalists (VCs) at 681 firms to learn how they make decisions across eight areas: deal sourcing, investment selection, valuation, deal structure, post-investment value-added, exits, internal firm organization, and relationships...  View Details
      Keywords: Venture Capital; Value Creation; Capital Structure; Entrepreneurship; Decision Making
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      Gompers, Paul A., William Gornall, Steven N. Kaplan, and Ilya A. Strebulaev. "How Do Venture Capitalists Make Decisions?" Journal of Financial Economics 135, no. 1 (January 2020): 169–190.
      • December 2019
      • Case

      WeWork Files for an IPO

      By: Lynn S. Paine and Will Hurwitz
      For the board of The We Company—better known as WeWork—August 14, 2019, promised to be a pivotal day. It was then that WeWork’s IPO prospectus, known as an S-1 filing, would be made public, giving potential investors, the media, and the general public a window into the...  View Details
      Keywords: Capital Structure; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Governance; Going Public; Leadership; Management; Private equity; valuation; Venture Capital; Real Estate Industry; Technology Industry; United States
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      Paine, Lynn S., and Will Hurwitz. "WeWork Files for an IPO." Harvard Business School Case 320-063, December 2019.
      • November 2019
      • Teaching Note

      Actera Group: Investing in Mars Cinema Group (A) and (B)

      By: Victoria Ivashina and Jeffrey Boyar
      In summer of 2010, Murat Çavuşoğlu (HBS MBA 1994) led private equity firm Actera Group’s investment in Mars Cinema Group (Mars), the leading movie exhibitor in Turkey. Immediately after acquiring Mars and merging it with the second larger player in the market, AFM,...  View Details
      Keywords: Private equity; Value Creation; Transformation; valuation; Entertainment And Recreation Industry; Motion Pictures And Video Industry; Turkey
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and Jeffrey Boyar. "Actera Group: Investing in Mars Cinema Group (A) and (B)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 220-045, November 2019.
      • October 2019 (Revised December 2019)
      • Case

      BC Partners: Acuris

      By: Victoria Ivashina and Terrence Shu
      This case follows Nikos Stathopoulos, Managing Partner of BC Partners, as he and his team evaluate the potential sale of one of BC Partners’ portfolio companies, Acuris. Acuris was a global financial intelligence, news, and data company that had been acquired by BC...  View Details
      Keywords: Fund Management; Fund Raising; Leveraged Buyout; Buyout; Portfolio Management; Operations Improvement; Exit; Exit Strategy; Valuation Ratios; Finance; Private equity; Leveraged Buyouts; Operations; Performance Improvement; Acquisition; valuation
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and Terrence Shu. "BC Partners: Acuris." Harvard Business School Case 220-041, October 2019. (Revised December 2019.)
      • October 2019
      • Case

      Kaspi.kz IPO

      By: Victoria Ivashina and Esel Çekin
      This case follows Kaspi.kz, a private equity (Baring Vostok) co-owned retail bank in Central Asia that evolved into a fintech, payments and e-commerce company. It provides insights into private equity financing, portfolio company management, and initial public offering...  View Details
      Keywords: Finance; Private equity; Initial Public Offering; Organizational Change And Adaptation; Central Asia
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and Esel Çekin. "Kaspi.kz IPO." Harvard Business School Case 220-007, October 2019.
      • October 2019 (Revised January 2020)
      • Case

      Dulcie Madden (A)—Growth or Exit?

      By: Shikhar Ghosh, Christopher Payton and Shweta Bagai
      This is part of a three-case series that follows Dulcie Madden's journey as a founder over five years. Case (A) is about managing growth and cash flow; Case (B) is about the exit decision and conditions on a sale; Case (C) shows Madden dealing with adversity and the...  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurial Management; Family; Family Conflicts; Founders' Agreements; Growth And Development; Cash Flow; Hardware; Vc; Scaling; Start-up; Female Ceo; Risk Assessment; Entrepreneurship; Growth Management; equity; Cash Flow; Success; Failure; Acquisition; Business Model; Technology; valuation; Family And Family Relationships; Apparel And Accessories Industry; Technology Industry; United States
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, Christopher Payton, and Shweta Bagai. "Dulcie Madden (A)—Growth or Exit?" Harvard Business School Case 820-052, October 2019. (Revised January 2020.)
      • October 2019 (Revised January 2020)
      • Supplement

      Dulcie Madden (B)—A Difficult Choice

      By: Shikhar Ghosh and Shweta Bagai
      This is part of a three-case series that follows Dulcie Madden's journey as a founder over five years. Case (A) is about managing growth and cash flow; Case (B) is about the exit decision and conditions on a sale; Case (C) shows Madden dealing with adversity and the...  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurial Management; Family; Family Conflicts; Founders' Agreements; Growth And Development; Cash Flow; Hardware; Vc; Scaling; Start-up; Female Ceo; Risk Assessment; Entrepreneurship; Growth Management; Cash Flow; equity; Success; Failure; Acquisition; Business Model; Technology; valuation; Family And Family Relationships
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, and Shweta Bagai. "Dulcie Madden (B)—A Difficult Choice." Harvard Business School Supplement 820-053, October 2019. (Revised January 2020.)
      • June 2019
      • Technical Note

      Valuing Employee Equity at Early Stage Ventures

      By: Shikhar Ghosh, Christopher Stanton and Sanchali Pal
      The note introduces a framework to consider factors that influence the value of employee equity at early stage ventures. Valuing equity is complex, and it important to account for expected dilution, assess exit potential, and acknowledge the high rate of failure in...  View Details
      Keywords: Employees; equity; valuation; Business Startups
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, Christopher Stanton, and Sanchali Pal. "Valuing Employee Equity at Early Stage Ventures." Harvard Business School Technical Note 819-167, June 2019.
      • September 2018
      • Case

      Clayton, Dubilier & Rice at 40

      By: Josh Lerner, Abhijit Tagade and Terrence Shu
      In 2018, private equity firm Clayton, Dubilier & Rice celebrated its 40th anniversary and its 20th year under the leadership of CEO Don Gogel. In those decades, CD&R showed solid portfolio performance and generated strong returns for its investors - accomplishments...  View Details
      Keywords: Finance; Private Equity; Succession; Buyout; Leveraged Buyout; Turnaround; Operations; Private equity; Management Succession; Business Model; Leveraged Buyouts; Trends; Organizational Change And Adaptation
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      Lerner, Josh, Abhijit Tagade, and Terrence Shu. "Clayton, Dubilier & Rice at 40." Harvard Business School Case 819-055, September 2018.
      • June 2018
      • Background Note

      Valuation Techniques in Private Equity: LBO Model

      By: Victoria Ivashina, Alexey Tuzikov and Abhijit Tagade
      This note introduces an "LBO model," the main performance assessment and valuation technique used in the private equity industry.  View Details
      Keywords: Private Equity; valuation; Lbo Model; valuation; Private equity; Performance Evaluation
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      Ivashina, Victoria, Alexey Tuzikov, and Abhijit Tagade. "Valuation Techniques in Private Equity: LBO Model." Harvard Business School Background Note 218-106, June 2018.
      • March 2018
      • Supplement

      Hatch Startup Equity Valuation Exercise (Student Version)

      By: Christopher Stanton and Shikhar Ghosh
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      Stanton, Christopher, and Shikhar Ghosh. "Hatch Startup Equity Valuation Exercise (Student Version)." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 818-704, March 2018.
      • March 2018
      • Supplement

      Hatch Startup Equity Valuation exercise for Instructor Use

      By: Christopher Stanton and Shikhar Ghosh
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      Stanton, Christopher, and Shikhar Ghosh. "Hatch Startup Equity Valuation exercise for Instructor Use." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 818-705, March 2018.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Expected Stock Returns Worldwide: A Log-Linear Present-Value Approach

      By: Akash Chattopadhyay, Matthew R. Lyle and Charles C.Y. Wang
      This study provides the first large-scale study of the performance of expected-return proxies (ERPs) internationally. Analyst-forecast-based ICCs are sparsely populated and not robustly associated with future returns. Earnings-model-forecast-based ICCs are...  View Details
      Keywords: Expected Returns; Discount Rates; Fundamental Valuation; Present Value; Information Quality; International Equity Markets; Implied Cost Of Capital; Investment Return; equity; Markets; Global Range
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      Chattopadhyay, Akash, Matthew R. Lyle, and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Expected Stock Returns Worldwide: A Log-Linear Present-Value Approach." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-079, February 2018. (Revised January 2021. Conditionally Accepted. The Accounting Review.)
      • February 2018 (Revised August 2018)
      • Case

      Blue Haven Initiative: The PEGAfrica Investment

      By: Vikram S. Gandhi, Caitlin Reimers Brumme and Amram Migdal
      This case examines Blue Haven Initiative (BHI), an impact investing fund and family office, and one of its investments, PEGAfrica (PEG). BHI founder Liesel Pritzker Simmons’ motivations for using her family wealth to start a family office focused on impact investing,...  View Details
      Keywords: Impact Investing; Family Office; Development; International Development; International Development Investing; Development Fund; Sustainability; Solar Energy; Solar; Pay As You Go; Payg; Microfinance; Mfi; Social Venture; Business Ventures; Acquisition; Business Growth And Maturation; Business Startups; Economics; Development Economics; Energy; Energy Conservation; Energy Sources; Renewable Energy; Social Entrepreneurship; Finance; Assets; Asset Pricing; Capital; Capital Budgeting; Capital Structure; Venture Capital; Cash; Cash Flow; Currency; Currency Exchange Rate; equity; Private equity; Financial Instruments; Debt Securities; Stock Shares; Financing And Loans; Microfinance; International Finance; Investment; Investment Return; Investment Activism; Investment Funds; Investment Portfolio; Price; Geography; Geographic Location; Emerging Markets; Ownership; Ownership Stake; Private Ownership; Social Enterprise; Value; valuation; Value Creation; Energy Industry; Financial Services Industry; Green Technology Industry; Africa; United States
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      Gandhi, Vikram S., Caitlin Reimers Brumme, and Amram Migdal. "Blue Haven Initiative: The PEGAfrica Investment." Harvard Business School Case 318-003, February 2018. (Revised August 2018.)
      • January 2018
      • Case

      Environmental Technology Fund Partners and E-Leather

      By: Vikram S. Gandhi and Aldo Sesia
      It is 2014 and Environmental Technologies Fund (ETF) Partners, a UK-based venture capital firm, has an opportunity to invest in a privately held UK company that manufactured engineered composition leather extracted from waste leather using an environmentally friendly...  View Details
      Keywords: Sustainability; Venture Capital; Investment Strategy; Investment; Strategy; Ownership; valuation; Energy Conservation; equity; Technological Innovation; Environmental Sustainability; Performance Efficiency; Manufacturing Industry; Financial Services Industry; United Kingdom
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      Gandhi, Vikram S., and Aldo Sesia. "Environmental Technology Fund Partners and E-Leather." Harvard Business School Case 318-001, January 2018.
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      Private Equity Valuation in Emerging Markets
      Basic Ratio Analysis and Equity Valuation
      → Search All HBS Web
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