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- Faculty Publications (82)
- September 2010
- Article
Making Self-Regulation More Than Merely Symbolic: The Critical Role of the Legal Environment
By: Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
Using data from a sample of U.S. industrial facilities subject to the federal Clean Air Act from 1993 to 2003, this article theorizes and tests the conditions under which organizations' symbolic commitments to self-regulate are particularly likely to result in improved...
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Keywords:
Adoption;
Code Law;
Environmental Sustainability;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Organizations;
Governance Compliance;
Strategy;
Motivation and Incentives;
United States
Short, Jodi L., and Michael W. Toffel. "Making Self-Regulation More Than Merely Symbolic: The Critical Role of the Legal Environment." Administrative Science Quarterly 55, no. 3 (September 2010): 361–396. (Lead article; Featured in the Stanford Social Innovation Review (Summer 2011) and in Behind the scenes of the Administrative Science Quarterly.)
- 2010
- Chapter
The Paranoid Style in the Study of American Politics
By: David Moss and Mary Oey
What drives policy making in a democracy? The conventional view is that political actors, like economic actors, pursue their self interest, and that special interest groups dominate the policy making process by satisfying policy makers' need for money and other forms...
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Keywords:
Policy;
Government Legislation;
Media;
Interests;
Power and Influence;
Public Opinion;
United States
Moss, David, and Mary Oey. "The Paranoid Style in the Study of American Politics." In Government and Markets: Toward a New Theory of Regulation, edited by Edward J. Balleisen and David A. Moss. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
- November 2009
- Article
Responding to Public and Private Politics: Corporate Disclosure of Climate Change Strategies
By: Erin Marie Reid and Michael W. Toffel
The challenges associated with climate change will require governments, citizens, and firms to work collaboratively to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, a task that requires information on companies' emissions levels, risks, and reduction opportunities. This paper...
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Keywords:
Climate Change;
Problems and Challenges;
Pollutants;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Business and Shareholder Relations;
Management Practices and Processes;
Social Issues;
Corporate Disclosure;
Values and Beliefs;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Government and Politics
Reid, Erin Marie, and Michael W. Toffel. "Responding to Public and Private Politics: Corporate Disclosure of Climate Change Strategies." Strategic Management Journal 30, no. 11 (November 2009): 1157–1178. (Featured by the Network for Business Sustainability.)
- October 2009 (Revised January 2014)
- Teaching Note
Genzyme Center (A), (B) & (C)
Teaching Note for [610008], [610009], and [610010].
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Keywords:
Environment;
Environmental And Social Sustainability;
Environmental Operations;
Environmental Protection;
Environmental Regulation;
Standard Setting;
Standards;
Environmental Accounting;
Engineering;
Governance;
Energy;
Economics;
Operations;
Projects;
Social Enterprise;
Infrastructure;
Construction Industry;
Biotechnology Industry;
Real Estate Industry
- June 2009 (Revised December 2011)
- Case
Colbún—Powering Chile
By: Forest L. Reinhardt, Gustavo A. Herrero and Sanjay Patnaik
This case is about Colbún, Chile's second largest electricity generator, which is facing significant uncertainty regarding the cost and availability of alternative energy sources. Problems with the contracted supply of natural gas and the volatility of oil prices,...
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Keywords:
Non-Renewable Energy;
Globalized Markets and Industries;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Government Legislation;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Business and Government Relations;
Climate Change;
Business Strategy;
Energy Industry;
Chile
Reinhardt, Forest L., Gustavo A. Herrero, and Sanjay Patnaik. "Colbún—Powering Chile." Harvard Business School Case 709-060, June 2009. (Revised December 2011.)
- 2008
- Working Paper
Resolving Information Asymmetries in Markets: The Role of Certified Management Programs
Firms and regulators are increasingly relying on voluntary mechanisms to signal and infer quality of difficult-to-observe management practices. Prior evaluations of voluntary management programs have focused on those that lack verification mechanisms and have found...
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Keywords:
Management Practices and Processes;
Information;
Standards;
Performance Improvement;
Programs;
Environmental Sustainability;
Manufacturing Industry;
United States
Toffel, Michael W. "Resolving Information Asymmetries in Markets: The Role of Certified Management Programs." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 07-023, December 2008. (October 2006.)
- 2008
- Working Paper
Extending Producer Responsibility: An Evaluation Framework for Product Take-Back Policies
By: Michael W. Toffel, Antoinette Stein and Katharine Lee
Manufacturers are increasingly being required to adhere to product take-back regulations that require them to manage their products at the end of life. Such regulations seek to internalize products' entire life cycle costs into market prices, with the ultimate...
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Toffel, Michael W., Antoinette Stein, and Katharine Lee. "Extending Producer Responsibility: An Evaluation Framework for Product Take-Back Policies." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-026, July 2008. (September 2008.)
- Article
The Causes and Consequences of Industry Self-Policing
By: Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
Innovative regulatory programs are encouraging firms to police their own regulatory compliance and voluntarily disclose, or "confess," the violations they find. Despite the "win-win" rhetoric surrounding these government voluntary programs, it is not clear why...
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Short, Jodi L., and Michael W. Toffel. "The Causes and Consequences of Industry Self-Policing." Yale Economic Review 4, no. 2 (Summer 2008).
- May 2008
- Article
Coerced Confessions: Self-Policing in the Shadow of the Regulator
By: Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
As part of a recent trend toward more cooperative relations between regulators and industry, novel government programs are encouraging firms to monitor their own regulatory compliance and voluntarily report their own violations. In this study, we examine how regulatory...
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Keywords:
Governance Compliance;
Law Enforcement;
Corporate Disclosure;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Environmental Sustainability;
Programs;
Power and Influence;
Organizations;
Decisions;
Business and Government Relations;
United States
Short, Jodi L., and Michael W. Toffel. "Coerced Confessions: Self-Policing in the Shadow of the Regulator." Journal of Law, Economics & Organization 24, no. 1 (May 2008): 45–71.
- 2008
- Other Unpublished Work
The Paranoid Style in the Study of American Politics
By: David Moss and Mary Oey
The conventional view is that political actors, like economic actors, pursue their self interest, and that special interest groups dominate the policy making process by satisfying policy makers' need for money and other forms of political support. Indeed, many... View Details
Keywords:
Policy;
Government Legislation;
Media;
Interests;
Power and Influence;
Public Opinion;
United States
- October 2007 (Revised October 2009)
- Case
Global Climate Change and BP
By: Forest L. Reinhardt and Mikell Hyman
Following the sudden resignation of Sir John Browne, Tony Hayward, BP CEO, must decide how global climate change management will figure into BP's corporate strategy. Climate change management was a major part of BP's strategy under Browne: In 1997 Browne broke from his...
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Keywords:
Change Management;
Climate Change;
Corporate Strategy;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Management Teams;
Environmental Sustainability;
Government and Politics;
Energy Sources;
Global Strategy;
Operations;
Utilities Industry;
Energy Industry;
United Kingdom
Reinhardt, Forest L., and Mikell Hyman. "Global Climate Change and BP." Harvard Business School Case 708-026, October 2007. (Revised October 2009.)
- 2005
- Chapter
Environmental Federalism in the European Union and the United States
By: David Vogel, Michael W. Toffel and Diahanna Post
The United States (US) and the European Union (EU) are federal systems in which the responsibility for environmental policy-making is divided or shared between the central government and the (member) states. The attribution of decision-making power has important policy...
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Keywords:
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Policy;
Government Legislation;
Natural Environment;
Pollutants;
Climate Change;
European Union;
United States
Vogel, David, Michael W. Toffel, and Diahanna Post. "Environmental Federalism in the European Union and the United States." Chap. 9 in A Handbook of Globalisation and Environmental Policy: National Government Interventions in a Global Arena, edited by F. Wijen, K. Zoeteman, and J. Pieters, 247–276. Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2005.
- Article
The Growing Strategic Importance of End-of-Life Product Management
Requiring manufacturers to manage the their products when they become waste is an innovative form of regulation, one that has been adopted by countries in Asia, Europe, and North America on a variety of products that range from vehicles to appliances to batteries....
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Keywords:
Product;
Environmental Sustainability;
Cost Management;
Wastes and Waste Processing;
Strategy;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Manufacturing Industry;
Asia;
Europe;
North and Central America
Toffel, Michael W. "The Growing Strategic Importance of End-of-Life Product Management." California Management Review 45, no. 3 (Spring 2003): 102–129.
- 2002
- Chapter
Ranking National Environmental Regulation and Performance: A Leading Indicator of Future Competitiveness?
By: Daniel Esty and Michael E. Porter
This chapter from The Global Competitiveness Report analyzes the differences among countries in environmental performance and the link between environmental outcomes and national environmental policy choices. The chapter reveals the findings from an exploration...
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Esty, Daniel, and Michael E. Porter. "Ranking National Environmental Regulation and Performance: A Leading Indicator of Future Competitiveness?" In The Global Competitiveness Report 2001–2002, by Michael E. Porter, Jeffrey D. Sachs, Peter K. Cornelius, John W. McArthur, and Klaus Schwab, 78–101. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
- 2002
- Book
Organizations, Policy and the Natural Environment: Institutional and Strategic Perspectives
By: Andrew J. Hoffman and Marc Ventresca
This book brings together emerging perspectives from organization theory and management, environmental sociology, international regime studies, and the social studies of science and technology to provide a starting point for discipline-based studies of environmental...
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Hoffman, Andrew J., and Marc Ventresca, eds. Organizations, Policy and the Natural Environment: Institutional and Strategic Perspectives. Stanford University Press, 2002.
- July 2000 (Revised April 2001)
- Case
Agricultural Biotechnology and its Regulation
In the United States, genetically modified corn and soybeans are now widely grown and consumed. In Europe, however, they have been dubbed "Frankenstein foods," shunned by packaged food manufacturers, and subjected to a host of governmental restrictions. This case...
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Keywords:
Agribusiness;
Genetics;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Corporate Strategy;
Trade;
Law;
Goods and Commodities;
Safety;
Environmental Sustainability;
Government and Politics;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Biotechnology Industry;
Europe;
United States
Reinhardt, Forest L. "Agricultural Biotechnology and its Regulation." Harvard Business School Case 701-004, July 2000. (Revised April 2001.)
- September 1992 (Revised October 1992)
- Case
Acid Rain: The Southern Co. (B)
In addition to the issues of expected cost minimization elucidated in Acid Rain: The Southern Co. (A), problems involving regulatory uncertainty are critical to the firm's Clean Air Act compliance strategy. The regulatory uncertainty affects, and is affected by, the...
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Keywords:
Energy Generation;
Business Strategy;
Environmental Sustainability;
Cost vs Benefits;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Strategic Planning;
Investment Return;
Government Legislation;
Wastes and Waste Processing;
Business and Government Relations;
Utilities Industry;
Energy Industry;
United States
Reinhardt, Forest L. "Acid Rain: The Southern Co. (B)." Harvard Business School Case 793-040, September 1992. (Revised October 1992.)
- 1980
- Book
Environmental Politics and the Coal Coalition
By: Richard Vietor
Vietor, Richard. Environmental Politics and the Coal Coalition. Texas A&M University Press, 1980.
- Research Summary
Corporate transparency and information disclosure strategies
This research focuses on transparency and information disclosure strategies, a topic of growing importance in environmental sustainability, corporate strategy, stakeholder relations, and public policy. My prior research in this area explored why...
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- Forthcoming
- Article
How Foes Become Allies: The Shifting Role of Business in Climate Politics
By: Irja Vormedal and Jonas Meckling
Firms often oppose costly public policy reforms—but under what conditions may they
come to support such reforms? Previous scholarship has taken a predominantly static
approach to the analysis of business positions. Here, we advance a dynamic theory of
change in...
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Vormedal, Irja, and Jonas Meckling. "How Foes Become Allies: The Shifting Role of Business in Climate Politics." Policy Sciences (forthcoming). (Pre-published online November 16, 2023.)