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- 2018
- Working Paper
How Scheduling Can Bias Quality Assessment: Evidence from Food Safety Inspections
By: Maria Ibanez and Michael W. Toffel
Many production processes are subject to inspection to ensure they meet quality, safety, and environmental standards imposed by companies and regulators. Inspection accuracy is critical to inspections being a useful input to assessing risks, allocating quality...
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Keywords:
Assessment;
Bias;
Inspection;
Scheduling;
Econometric Analysis;
Empirical Research;
Regulation;
Health;
Food;
Safety;
Quality;
Performance Consistency;
Performance Evaluation;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Service Industry
Ibanez, Maria, and Michael W. Toffel. "How Scheduling Can Bias Quality Assessment: Evidence from Food Safety Inspections." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-090, April 2017. (Revised October 2018. Formerly titled "Assessing the Quality of Quality Assessment: The Role of Scheduling". Featured in Forbes, Food Safety Magazine, and Food Safety News.)
- February 2017 (Revised June 2017)
- Case
ExxonMobil: Business as Usual? (A)
By: George Serafeim, Shiva Rajgopal and David Freiberg
Climate change was becoming an important societal and business issue as more governments were introducing climate change related regulations and investors became increasibly worried about stranded assets within oil and gas firms. In September 2016, the U.S. Securities...
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Keywords:
Oil & Gas;
Oil Prices;
Oil Companies;
Asset Impairment;
Predictive Analytics;
Sustainability;
Environmental Impact;
Innovation;
Disclosure;
Accounting;
Valuation;
Climate Change;
Renewable Energy;
Environmental Sustainability;
Financial Reporting;
Energy Industry
Serafeim, George, Shiva Rajgopal, and David Freiberg. "ExxonMobil: Business as Usual? (A)." Harvard Business School Case 117-046, February 2017. (Revised June 2017.)
- January 23, 2017
- Article
Trump Has a Great Opportunity to Save Our Environment
By: Vanessa Burbano, Magali Delmas, Marian Chertow, Glen W. S. Dowell, Rodolphe Durand, Andrew J. Hoffman, Guy Holburn, Andrew A. King, Michael Lenox, Lin Lerpold, Thomas Lyon, John W. Maxwell, Eric Orts, N. Craig Smith, John Sterman, Michael W. Toffel, L. Beril Toktay, David Vogel, Judith Walls, Frank Wijen, Jeff York and Maurizio Zollo
Keywords:
Environment;
Regulation;
Regulator Leniency;
Regulatory Enforcement;
Environmental Policy;
Environmental Regulations;
United States
Burbano, Vanessa, Magali Delmas, Marian Chertow, Glen W. S. Dowell, Rodolphe Durand, Andrew J. Hoffman, Guy Holburn, Andrew A. King, Michael Lenox, Lin Lerpold, Thomas Lyon, John W. Maxwell, Eric Orts, N. Craig Smith, John Sterman, Michael W. Toffel, L. Beril Toktay, David Vogel, Judith Walls, Frank Wijen, Jeff York, and Maurizio Zollo. "Trump Has a Great Opportunity to Save Our Environment." The Hill (January 23, 2017).
- May 2016 (Revised April 2019)
- Case
Olivia Lum: Wanting to Save the World
By: Geoffrey Jones and Essie Alamsyah
This case considers the entrepreneurial career of Olivia Lum, who founded the Singaporean water company Hyflux in 1989. An orphan born in Malaysia, Lum provides a rare case of an entrepreneurial success in a country whose economic success has primarily rested on...
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Keywords:
Industrial Organization;
Chinitz;
Agglomeration;
Clusters;
Cities;
Mine;
Environmental Management;
Operations Management;
Sustainable Operations;
Environmental Regulation;
Entrepreneurship;
Globalization;
History;
Operations;
Management;
Environmental Sustainability;
Green Technology Industry;
Utilities Industry;
China;
Singapore
Jones, Geoffrey, and Essie Alamsyah. "Olivia Lum: Wanting to Save the World." Harvard Business School Case 316-178, May 2016. (Revised April 2019.)
- 2016
- Book
Strategy Beyond Markets
By: John de Figueiredo, Michael Lenox, Felix Oberholzer-Gee and Rick Vanden Bergh
Strategy beyond markets has been an active area of research inquiry since the early 1990s. Since its inception, the scholarship emanating from this research stream has grown substantially in quantity, quality, and breadth. Likewise, firms across the world have...
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Keywords:
Strategy
Figueiredo, John de, Michael Lenox, Felix Oberholzer-Gee and Rick Vanden Bergh, eds. Strategy Beyond Markets. Vol. 34, Advances in Strategic Management. Emerald Group Publishing, 2016.
- January 2016 (Revised February 2016)
- Course Overview Note
The Sustainable Core: Operations Management
By: Michael W. Toffel and L. Beril Toktay
This note is designed to help faculty embed environmental sustainability content into their core Operations Management course at the MBA or undergraduate level. It can also be used to identify cases with environmental content that can be used in operations electives...
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Keywords:
Environmental Management;
Operations Management;
Sustainable Operations;
Environmental Regulation;
Operations;
Supply Chain;
Supply Chain Management;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Biotechnology Industry;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Construction Industry;
Forest Products Industry;
Retail Industry
Toffel, Michael W., and L. Beril Toktay. "The Sustainable Core: Operations Management." Harvard Business School Course Overview Note 616-022, January 2016. (Revised February 2016.)
- August 2015 (Revised October 2017)
- Case
Turnaround at Norsk Gjenvinning (A)
By: George Serafeim
Erik Osmundsen, CEO of Norsk Gjenvinning (NG), had initiated a program to strenghten corporate governance, eliminate corruption and improve compliance, and as a result the company had experienced a turnover of almost half of its top 70 line managers and strained...
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Keywords:
Change Leadership;
Governance;
Compliance;
Waste Management;
Environmental Impact;
Social Responsibility;
Industry Regulation;
Regulatory Enforcement;
Turnaround;
Turn Around Management;
Corruption;
Leading Change;
Change Management;
Crime and Corruption;
Governance Compliance;
Wastes and Waste Processing;
Industrial Products Industry;
Norway;
Scandinavia;
Europe
Serafeim, George, and Shannon Gombos. "Turnaround at Norsk Gjenvinning (A)." Harvard Business School Case 116-012, August 2015. (Revised October 2017.)
- March 2014
- Case
Jurlique: Globalizing Beauty from Nature and Science
By: Geoffrey Jones and Andrew Spadafora
Considers the marketing and strategic challenges faced by natural beauty brands using the case of Australian-based Jurlique, which was acquired by Pola of Japan in 2011. The case opens two years later in July 2013 when Sam McKay, the chief executive officer, on a visit...
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Keywords:
Australia;
China;
Environmental Strategies;
Green Business;
Marketing;
Entrepreneurship;
Globalization;
Beauty and Cosmetics Industry;
China;
Australia;
United States
Jones, Geoffrey, and Andrew Spadafora. "Jurlique: Globalizing Beauty from Nature and Science." Harvard Business School Case 314-087, March 2014.
- March 2014
- Module Note
Implementing Environmentally Sustainable Operations
Keywords:
Sustainability;
Sustainability Management;
Sustainability Reporting;
Sustainable Supply Chains;
Sustainable Operations;
Environment;
Environmental And Social Sustainability;
Environmental Management;
Environmental Operations;
Environmental Performance;
Environmental Policy;
Environmental Protection;
Environmental Strategy;
Environmental Regulation;
Operations Management;
Operations Strategy;
Supply Chain Management;
Operations;
Supply Chain;
Business Processes;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Performance Evaluation;
Performance Improvement;
Safety;
Social Enterprise;
Quality;
Production;
Working Conditions;
Animal-Based Agribusiness;
Buildings and Facilities;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Apparel and Accessories Industry;
Biotechnology Industry;
Construction Industry;
Manufacturing Industry
Toffel, Michael W. "Implementing Environmentally Sustainable Operations." Harvard Business School Module Note 613-090, March 2014.
- October 2013
- Article
How Firms Respond to Mandatory Information Disclosure
By: Anil R. Doshi, Glen W.S. Dowell and Michael W. Toffel
Mandatory information disclosure regulations seek to create institutional pressure to spur performance improvement. By examining how organizational characteristics moderate establishments' responses to a prominent environmental information disclosure program, we...
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Keywords:
Information Disclosure;
Institutional Theory;
Environmental Strategy;
Mandatory Disclosure;
Environmental Performance;
Information;
Corporate Disclosure;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Performance Improvement;
Environmental Sustainability;
Manufacturing Industry;
United States
Doshi, Anil R., Glen W.S. Dowell, and Michael W. Toffel. "How Firms Respond to Mandatory Information Disclosure." Strategic Management Journal 34, no. 10 (October 2013): 1209–1231. (Featured in The Regulatory Review.)
- May–June 2013
- Article
Can Global Brands Create Just Supply Chains? Response: Promoting Political Mobilization
By: Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
Codes of conduct indicate that working conditions are improving overall at the factories being monitored by multinational corporations, and that these codes of conduct also create possibilities for political mobilization that can improve labor conditions more broadly.
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Keywords:
Regulation;
Auditing;
Labor Relations;
Occupational Safety;
Environmental Operations;
Environmental Regulation;
Employees;
Labor;
Labor and Management Relations;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Manufacturing Industry;
China;
Bangladesh;
India;
Honduras;
Nicaragua;
Pakistan;
Guatemala;
Malaysia;
Viet Nam
Short, Jodi L., and Michael W. Toffel. "Can Global Brands Create Just Supply Chains? Response: Promoting Political Mobilization." Boston Review 38, no. 3 (May–June 2013).
- January 2013
- Case
Luotang Power: Variances Explained
By: Robert Simons and Craig Chapman
The general manager of Luotang Power, a coal-fired power plant located in central China, reviews annual results before a meeting with the board of directors. He thought the company performed well during the year and both plant availability and fuel economy had improved...
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Keywords:
China;
Financial Statements;
Management Accounting;
Variance Analysis;
Environmental Regulations;
Incentives;
Electric Power Generation;
Contracts;
Valuation;
Energy Generation;
Accounting;
Performance Evaluation;
Energy Industry;
China
Simons, Robert, and Craig Chapman. "Luotang Power: Variances Explained." Harvard Business School Brief Case 913-533, January 2013.
- December 2012 (Revised November 2014)
- Case
W.R. Grace & Co.: Dealing with Asbestos Torts
By: Stuart C. Gilson and Sarah L. Abbott
A manufacturer of building products and specialty chemicals, W. R. Grace & Co. filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2001 in response to a flood of lawsuits alleging that its products contained asbestos, and had caused hundreds of thousands of people to contract...
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Keywords:
Bankruptcy Reorganization;
Business Failures;
Environmental Regulations;
Class Action Lawsuits;
Natural Environment;
Valuation;
Health Disorders;
Capital Structure;
Restructuring;
Lawsuits and Litigation;
Chemicals;
Crisis Management;
Insolvency and Bankruptcy;
Legal Liability;
Construction Industry;
Chemical Industry;
United States
Gilson, Stuart C., and Sarah L. Abbott. "W.R. Grace & Co.: Dealing with Asbestos Torts." Harvard Business School Case 213-046, December 2012. (Revised November 2014.)
- 2012
- White Paper
Robust Enforcement Should Complement Voluntary Regulation
By: Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
Spurred by the anti-regulation movement that started in the 1970s, voluntary self-regulation programs have emerged in many regulatory agencies, seeking to increase cooperation between government and industry to achieve greater and more cost-effective compliance....
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Short, Jodi L., and Michael W. Toffel. "Robust Enforcement Should Complement Voluntary Regulation." Georgetown University Economic Policy Vignette, September 2012.
- August 2012 (Revised September 2013)
- Case
EnerNOC: DemandSMART
By: Michael W. Toffel, Kira Fabrizio and Stephanie van Sice
EnerNOC is an energy company with an innovative business model: it serves as an intermediary between electric utilities and electricity users. It contracts with electricity users willing to reduce demand during periods of peak energy demand, and sells this as excess...
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Keywords:
Production Planning;
Productivity;
Environmental Protection;
Energy;
Environment;
Business Government Relations;
Laws And Regulation;
Business Model;
Environmental Sustainability;
Innovation and Invention;
Opportunities;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Supply Chain Management;
Production;
Energy Conservation;
Energy Industry
Toffel, Michael W., Kira Fabrizio, and Stephanie van Sice. "EnerNOC: DemandSMART." Harvard Business School Case 613-036, August 2012. (Revised September 2013.)
- Spring 2012
- Article
The Need for Sector-Specific Materiality and Sustainability Reporting Standards
By: Robert G. Eccles, Michael P. Krzus, Jean Rogers and George Serafeim
Even though the supply of sustainability information has increased considerably in the last decade, companies are still failing to disclose material information in a comparable format. We believe this has two downsides. On the one hand, companies are not adequately...
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Keywords:
Sustainability;
Reporting;
Standard Setting;
Regulation;
Environmental Sustainability;
Accounting;
Standards;
Integrated Corporate Reporting;
Corporate Disclosure;
Competitive Advantage;
Capital Markets;
Accounting Industry;
United States
Eccles, Robert G., Michael P. Krzus, Jean Rogers, and George Serafeim. "The Need for Sector-Specific Materiality and Sustainability Reporting Standards." Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 24, no. 2 (Spring 2012): 65–71.
- 2012
- Chapter
Environmental Federalism in the European Union and the United States
By: David Vogel, Michael W. Toffel, Diahanna Post and Nazli Z. Uludere Aragon
The United States (US) and the European Union (EU) are federal systems in which the responsibility for environmental policy-making is divided or shared between the central government and the (member) states. The attribution of decision-making power has important policy...
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Keywords:
Natural Environment;
Policy;
Government and Politics;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
European Union;
United States
Vogel, David, Michael W. Toffel, Diahanna Post, and Nazli Z. Uludere Aragon. "Environmental Federalism in the European Union and the United States." Chap. 11 in A Handbook of Globalisation and Environmental Policy. 2nd ed. Edited by Frank Wijen, Kees Zoeteman, Jan Pieters, and Paul van Seters, 321–361. Cheltenham, UK, 2012.
- August 2011
- Article
Coming Clean and Cleaning Up: Does Voluntary Self-Reporting Indicate Effective Self-Policing
By: Michael W. Toffel and Jodi L. Short
Regulatory agencies are increasingly establishing voluntary self-reporting programs both as an investigative tool and to encourage regulated firms to commit to policing themselves. We investigate whether voluntary self-reporting can reliably indicate effective...
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Keywords:
Environmental Sustainability;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Programs;
Governance Compliance;
Corporate Disclosure;
Law Enforcement
Toffel, Michael W., and Jodi L. Short. "Coming Clean and Cleaning Up: Does Voluntary Self-Reporting Indicate Effective Self-Policing." Journal of Law & Economics 54, no. 3 (August 2011): 609–649.
- 9 May 2011 - 11 May 2011
- Conference Presentation
How Firms Respond to Mandatory Information Disclosure
By: Anil Doshi, Michael Toffel and Glen W. S. Dowell
When new institutional pressures arise, which organizations are particularly likely to resist or
acquiesce? When subjected to new information disclosure mandates, an increasingly popular form
of market-based government regulation, which types of organizations are...
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Keywords:
Corporate Disclosure;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Environmental Regulation;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Organizational Change and Adaptation
Doshi, Anil, Michael Toffel, and Glen W. S. Dowell. "How Firms Respond to Mandatory Information Disclosure." Paper presented at the Alliance for Research on Corporate Sustainability Annual Research Conference, Philadelphia, PA, May 9–11, 2011.
- January – February 2011
- Article
Creating Shared Value
By: Michael E. Porter and Mark R. Kramer
The capitalist system is under siege. In recent years business has been criticized as a major cause of social, environmental, and economic problems. Companies are widely thought to be prospering at the expense of their communities. Trust in business has fallen to new...
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Keywords:
Customer Value and Value Chain;
Economic Growth;
Economic Systems;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Environmental Sustainability;
Trust;
Human Needs;
Welfare;
Competitive Advantage;
Value Creation
Porter, Michael E., and Mark R. Kramer. "Creating Shared Value." Harvard Business Review 89, nos. 1-2 (January–February 2011): 62–77.