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- October 2021
- Article
Judgment Aggregation in Creative Production: Evidence from the Movie Industry
By: Hong Luo, Jeffrey T. Macher and Michael Wahlen
We study a novel, low-cost approach to aggregating judgment from a large number of industry experts on ideas that they encounter in their normal course of business. Our context is the movie industry, in which customer appeal is difficult to predict and investment costs...
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- 2021
- Working Paper
The Value of Data and Its Impact on Competition
By: Marco Iansiti
Common regulatory perspective on the relationship between data, value, and competition in online platforms has increasingly centered on the volume of data accumulated by incumbent firms. This view posits the existence of "data network effects," where more data leads to...
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- 2020
- Working Paper
Time and the Value of Data
By: Ehsan Valavi, Joel Hestness, Newsha Ardalani and Marco Iansiti
This paper investigates the effectiveness of time-dependent data in improving the quality of AI-based products and services. Time-dependency means that data loses its relevance to problems over time. This loss causes deterioration in the algorithm's performance and,...
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- December 2019
- Case
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation: Shaping the Vaccine Manufacturing Ecosystem (Abridged)
By: Willy Shih
This case describes the efforts of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to lower the cost of producing vaccines to prevent polio infections. It is an abridged version of HBS Case No. 620-021 with less emphasis on comparison between traditional and the new compact...
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- October 2019
- Case
Agility Africa
By: Juan Alcacer, Caroline M. Elkins and Esel Çekin
This case illustrates the challenge and opportunities that firms face when developing and executing new business models in high-risk, low-infrastructure, low-trust countries. It features a global logistics group, Agility, that aimed to become the leader in supplying...
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- September 2019
- Case
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation: Shaping the Vaccine Manufacturing Ecosystem
By: Willy C. Shih
Vaccines for children has been a long-standing focus for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and its critical role in public health made its production an important economic and political issue. This case describes the Foundation's investment in a breakthrough vaccine...
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- May 2019 (Revised September 2019)
- Case
Mobike and ofo: Dancing with Titans (A)
By: Shikhar Ghosh and Haibo Zhao
This case address pacing issues – how fast does a company need to scale? It also examines the role of investors in determining company strategy and exit.
Mobike and ofo were two dominant players in China’s emerging dockless bike-sharing market, that allowed... View Details
Mobike and ofo were two dominant players in China’s emerging dockless bike-sharing market, that allowed... View Details
- May 2019
- Technical Note
Nascent Platform Strategy: Overcoming the Chicken-or-Egg Dilemma
By: Andy Wu, David R. Clough and Sasha Kaletsky
This note provides a framework for addressing the classic chicken-or-egg dilemma facing entrepreneurs launching nascent multi-sided platforms. There are several conditions that lead to a difficult chicken-or-egg problem: strong network effects, high multi-homing costs,...
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- April 2019
- Teaching Note
The a2 Milk Company
By: Benjamin C. Esty and Daniel Fisher
The a2 Milk Company (a2MC) became the most valuable company listed on the New Zealand stock exchange in 2018 by capitalizing on a biochemical discovery related to the protein composition of cow's milk. Because many people find the A1 protein difficult to digest, and...
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Keywords:
Judo Economics;
Market Entry;
Innovation;
Barriers To Response;
Industry Attractiveness;
Advantage Horizon;
Sustainability;
First-mover Advantage;
Scope;
Strategy Execution;
Strategic Evolution;
Biochemistry;
Genetics;
Branding;
Commodity;
Milk;
Dairy;
Infant Formula;
Farming;
Porter's Five Forces;
Market Entry and Exit;
Disruption;
Innovation and Invention;
Competitive Advantage;
Corporate Strategy;
Value Creation;
Competition;
Brands and Branding;
Five Forces Framework;
Consumer Products Industry;
New Zealand;
Australia;
China
- February 2019 (Revised September 2021)
- Case
The a2 Milk Company
By: Benjamin C. Esty and Daniel Fisher
The a2 Milk Company (a2MC) became the most valuable company listed on the New Zealand stock exchange in 2018 by capitalizing on a biochemical discovery related to the protein composition of cow's milk. Because many people find the A1 protein difficult to digest, and...
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Keywords:
Judo Economics;
Market Entry;
Innovation;
Barriers To Response;
Industry Attractiveness;
Advantage Horizon;
Sustainability;
First-mover Advantage;
Scope;
Strategy Execution;
Strategic Evolution;
Biochemistry;
Genetics;
Branding;
Commodity;
Milk;
Dairy;
Infant Formula;
Farming;
Porter's Five Forces;
Competitive Advantage;
Corporate Strategy;
Value Creation;
Competition;
Disruption;
Innovation and Invention;
Five Forces Framework;
Market Entry and Exit
- January 2019 (Revised February 2019)
- Supplement
The a2 Milk Company
By: Benjamin C. Esty, Daniel Fisher and Greg Saldutte
The a2 Milk Company (a2MC) became the most valuable company listed on the New Zealand stock exchange in 2018 by capitalizing on a biochemical discovery related to the protein composition of cow's milk. Because many people find the A1 protein difficult to digest, and...
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Keywords:
Judo Economics;
Market Entry;
Innovation;
Barriers To Response;
Industry Attractiveness;
Advantage Horizon;
Sustainability;
First-mover Advantage;
Scope;
Strategy Execution;
Strategic Evolution;
Biochemistry;
Genetics;
Branding;
Commodity;
Milk;
Dairy;
Infant Formula;
Farming;
Porter's Five Forces;
Competitive Advantage;
Corporate Strategy;
Value Creation;
Competition;
Market Entry and Exit;
Disruption;
Innovation and Invention;
Five Forces Framework;
Consumer Products Industry;
New Zealand;
Australia;
China
- November 2018
- Case
Yatooq: Longing for Arabic Coffee
By: Mark Roberge, Gamze Yucaoglu and Samer Al-Rachedy
As one of the few female entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia, Lateefa Alwaalan had been trying to produce the perfect cup of Arabic coffee for over a decade. In 2007, she began testing various coffee blends, which she later branded Yatooq, the Arabic word for “craving” or...
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Keywords:
Entrepreneurial Sales;
Entrepreneurial Selling;
Entrepreneurial Marketing;
Barrier To Entry;
Business Start-ups;
Yatooq;
Entrepreneurship;
Private Sector;
For-Profit Firms;
Business Strategy;
Patents;
Business Startups;
Strategic Planning;
Competitive Strategy;
Adaptation;
Corporate Entrepreneurship;
Corporate Strategy;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Saudi Arabia;
Asia
- April 2017
- Supplement
Imprimis (C)
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Karen Elterman and Marc Appel
This case is a supplement to Imprimis (A & B). Set in 2015, it first describes Imprimis’s decision to introduce its own line of compounded eye drop medication called LessDrops. The case then examines the moral dilemma faced by CEO Mark Baum, who was struck by the...
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- November 2016 (Revised May 2017)
- Case
The Black List
By: Henry McGee and Sarah McAra
Franklin Leonard founded The Black List in 2005 as an innovative approach to identifying potential hit movie scripts via crowdsourcing. As the annual Black List proved to hold the scripts of some of Hollywood’s most successful films, from “Slumdog Millionaire” to...
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- December 2015
- Article
Does Planning Regulation Protect Independent Retailers?
By: Raffaella Sadun
Regulations aimed at curbing the entry of large retail stores have been introduced in many countries to protect independent retailers. Analyzing a planning reform launched in the United Kingdom in the 1990s, I show that independent retailers were actually harmed by the...
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- Article
How Local Context Shapes Digital Business Abroad
By: William R. Kerr
This article identifies how digital businesses need to be adapted to the local environment in which they are being applied. Core ideas include the development of strong barriers to entry, the types of network effects encountered, and the localization of business...
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- November 2014
- Article
The Dynamics of Firm Lobbying
By: William R. Kerr, William F. Lincoln and Prachi Mishra
We study the determinants of the dynamics of firm lobbying behavior using a panel data set covering 1998–2006. Our data exhibit three striking facts: (i) few firms lobby, (ii) lobbying status is strongly associated with firm size, and (iii) lobbying status is highly...
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- August 2013 (Revised November 2020)
- Case
Tesla Motors
In mid-2013, Tesla Motors was riding a wave of success: It had launched its first really mass-produced car—the model S—to rave reviews; had recently raised first-year production targets; and had started taking orders for its next car, the Model X. Tesla seemed to be on...
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Keywords:
Barriers To Entry;
Economic Analysis;
Learning Curve;
Economies Of Scale;
Innovation;
Market Entry;
Sustainable Competitive Advantage;
Vision;
Strategy And Leadership;
Strategy;
Competitive Strategy;
Market Entry and Exit;
Competitive Advantage;
Technological Innovation;
Leadership;
Learning;
Economics;
Analysis;
Auto Industry
- August 2013
- Technical Note
Raising the Level of Abstraction
By: Willy Shih
This technical note discusses abstraction as a way of generalizing a process or component for wider application. By hiding complexity inside a module, abstraction enables system designers to think at a higher level. This lowers entry barriers to using (and reusing) a...
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- November 2012 (Revised August 2013)
- Supplement
Global Unichip Corporation (B)
By: Willy Shih and Chen-Fu Chien
Jim Lai, President of Global Unichip Corporation (GUC), mapped out the changes he saw coming to the global semiconductor industry. The big question was how many system developers would start coming directly to GUC.
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Keywords:
Abstraction;
Value-network;
Vertical Integration;
Entry Barriers;
Intermediaries;
Dis-intermediation;
Aggregator;
Vertical Specialization;
Technology Adoption;
Technology Platform;
Competitive Strategy;
Corporate Strategy;
Integration;
Technological Innovation;
Innovation Strategy;
Innovation and Management;
Industry Structures;
Hardware;
Information Technology;
Complexity;
Semiconductor Industry;
Technology Industry;
Telecommunications Industry;
Taiwan