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    • All HBS Web  (1,241)
      • Faculty Publications  (31)

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      From Entry Barriers to Mobility Barriers: Conjectural Decisions and Contrived Deterrence to New Competition
      Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation: Shaping the Vaccine Manufacturing Ecosystem (Abridged)
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      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Time and the Value of Data

      By: Ehsan Valavi, Joel Hestness, Newsha Ardalani and Marco Iansiti
      This paper investigates the effectiveness of time-dependent data in improving the quality of AI-based products and services. Time-dependency means that data loses its relevance to problems over time. This loss causes deterioration in the algorithm's performance and,...  View Details
      Keywords: Economics Of Ai; Machine Learning; Non-stationarity; Perishability; Value Depreciation
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      Valavi, Ehsan, Joel Hestness, Newsha Ardalani, and Marco Iansiti. "Time and the Value of Data." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-016, August 2020.
      • June 2020
      • Case

      RBC: Transforming Transformation (A)

      By: Ethan Bernstein, Francesca Gino and Aldo Sesia
      In 2017, the Royal Bank of Canada (RBC), a Canadian financial icon, mandated a swat team of “enablers of collaboration” (their job description) to support the personal and commercial bank in the enterprise-wide RBC Cultural Transformation initiative. Historically,...  View Details
      Keywords: Service Delivery; Technology; Transformation; Change Management; Collaborative Innovation And Invention; Innovation And Management; Decision Making; Human Resources; Management Systems; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure; Groups And Teams; Management Teams; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; Canada
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      Bernstein, Ethan, Francesca Gino, and Aldo Sesia. "RBC: Transforming Transformation (A)." Harvard Business School Case 920-008, June 2020.
      • June 2020
      • Supplement

      RBC: Transforming Transformation (B)

      By: Ethan Bernstein, Francesca Gino and Aldo Sesia
      In 2017, the Royal Bank of Canada (RBC), a Canadian financial icon, mandated a swat team of “enablers of collaboration” (their job description) to support the personal and commercial bank in the enterprise-wide RBC Cultural Transformation initiative. Historically,...  View Details
      Keywords: Service Delivery; Technology; Transformation; Change Management; Collaborative Innovation And Invention; Innovation And Management; Decision Making; Human Resources; Management Systems; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure; Groups And Teams; Management Teams; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; Canada
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      Bernstein, Ethan, Francesca Gino, and Aldo Sesia. "RBC: Transforming Transformation (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 920-045, June 2020.
      • December 2019
      • Case

      Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation: Shaping the Vaccine Manufacturing Ecosystem (Abridged)

      By: Willy Shih
      This case describes the efforts of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to lower the cost of producing vaccines to prevent polio infections. It is an abridged version of HBS Case No. 620-021 with less emphasis on comparison between traditional and the new compact...  View Details
      Keywords: Vaccine; Manufacturing; Barriers To Entry; Production; Cost; Technological Innovation; Market entry And Exit; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Shih, Willy. "Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation: Shaping the Vaccine Manufacturing Ecosystem (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 620-071, December 2019.
      • November 2019
      • Case

      The Genesis Lab at Novartis

      By: Amy C. Edmondson, Ranjay Gulati, Patrick J. Healy and Kerry Herman
      Novartis' Genesis Labs program, launched in 2016 as part of Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), hosted pitch competitions where teams of NIBR scientists proposed ideas to explore that aimed to revolutionize drug discovery. The goal was to break down...  View Details
      Keywords: Drug Discovery; Health Care And Treatment; Research And Development; Innovation And Invention; Programs; Management
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      Edmondson, Amy C., Ranjay Gulati, Patrick J. Healy, and Kerry Herman. "The Genesis Lab at Novartis." Harvard Business School Case 620-007, November 2019.
      • October 2019
      • Case

      Agility Africa

      By: Juan Alcacer, Caroline M. Elkins and Esel Çekin
      This case illustrates the challenge and opportunities that firms face when developing and executing new business models in high-risk, low-infrastructure, low-trust countries. It features a global logistics group, Agility, that aimed to become the leader in supplying...  View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Business Model; Innovation And Invention; Expansion; Emerging Markets; Decision Choices And Conditions; Real Estate Industry; Distribution Industry; Africa
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      Alcacer, Juan, Caroline M. Elkins, and Esel Çekin. "Agility Africa." Harvard Business School Case 720-357, October 2019.
      • September 2019
      • Case

      Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation: Shaping the Vaccine Manufacturing Ecosystem

      By: Willy C. Shih
      Vaccines for children has been a long-standing focus for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and its critical role in public health made its production an important economic and political issue. This case describes the Foundation's investment in a breakthrough vaccine...  View Details
      Keywords: Vaccine; Production; Supply Chain; Product; Biotechnology Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Belgium
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      Shih, Willy C. "Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation: Shaping the Vaccine Manufacturing Ecosystem." Harvard Business School Case 620-021, September 2019.
      • May 2019 (Revised September 2019)
      • Case

      Mobike and ofo: Dancing with Titans (A)

      By: Shikhar Ghosh and Haibo Zhao
      This case address pacing issues – how fast does a company need to scale? It also examines the role of investors in determining company strategy and exit.
      Mobike and ofo were two dominant players in China’s emerging dockless bike-sharing market, that allowed users...  View Details
      Keywords: Technology; Venture Capital; Financing And Loans; Competition; Value Creation; Governance; Economics; Business Startups; Strategy; Business Exit Or Shutdown; Entrepreneurship; Infrastructure; Transportation; Bicycle Transportation; China
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, and Haibo Zhao. "Mobike and ofo: Dancing with Titans (A)." Harvard Business School Case 819-135, May 2019. (Revised September 2019.)
      • May 2019
      • Technical Note

      Nascent Platform Strategy: Overcoming the Chicken-or-Egg Dilemma

      By: Andy Wu, David R. Clough and Sasha Kaletsky
      This note provides a framework for addressing the classic chicken-or-egg dilemma facing entrepreneurs launching nascent multi-sided platforms. There are several conditions that lead to a difficult chicken-or-egg problem: strong network effects, high multi-homing costs,...  View Details
      Keywords: Multi-sided Platforms; Strategy; Entrepreneurship; Market entry And Exit; Problems And Challenges; Competitive Advantage
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      Wu, Andy, David R. Clough, and Sasha Kaletsky. "Nascent Platform Strategy: Overcoming the Chicken-or-Egg Dilemma." Harvard Business School Technical Note 719-507, May 2019.
      • April 2017
      • Supplement

      Imprimis (C)

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Karen Elterman and Marc Appel
      This case is a supplement to Imprimis (A & B). Set in 2015, it first describes Imprimis’s decision to introduce its own line of compounded eye drop medication called LessDrops. The case then examines the moral dilemma faced by CEO Mark Baum, who was struck by the...  View Details
      Keywords: Health Care And Treatment; Cost; Moral Sensibility; Competitive Strategy; Decision Choices And Conditions; Pharmaceutical Industry; United States
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, Karen Elterman, and Marc Appel. "Imprimis (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 717-497, April 2017.
      • November 2016 (Revised May 2017)
      • Case

      The Black List

      By: Henry McGee and Sarah McAra
      Franklin Leonard founded The Black List in 2005 as an innovative approach to identifying potential hit movie scripts via crowdsourcing. As the annual Black List proved to hold the scripts of some of Hollywood’s most successful films, from “Slumdog Millionaire” to...  View Details
      Keywords: Screenwriting; Independent Production; Hollywood; Film Development; Film Distribution; Film Financing; Manging Uncertainty; Barriers To Entry; Globalization; Digitalization; Film Entertainment; Entrepreneurship; Marketing; Media; Strategy; Motion Pictures And Video Industry; United States
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      McGee, Henry, and Sarah McAra. "The Black List." Harvard Business School Case 317-027, November 2016. (Revised May 2017.)
      • Summer 2016
      • Article

      The Real Lessons From Kodak's Decline

      By: Willy C. Shih
      Eastman Kodak is often mischaracterized as a company whose managers didn't recognize soon enough that digital technology would decimate its traditional business. However, what really happened at Kodak is much more complicated—and instructive. Kodak suffered from a...  View Details
      Keywords: Technological Change; Disruption; Ecosystem; Semiconductors; Photography; Scaling-up; Scaling; Organizational Change And Adaptation; Technology; Product; Consumer Products Industry; United States
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      Shih, Willy C. "The Real Lessons From Kodak's Decline." MIT Sloan Management Review 57, no. 4 (Summer 2016): 11–13.
      • December 2015
      • Article

      Does Planning Regulation Protect Independent Retailers?

      By: Raffaella Sadun
      Regulations aimed at curbing the entry of large retail stores have been introduced in many countries to protect independent retailers. Analyzing a planning reform launched in the United Kingdom in the 1990s, I show that independent retailers were actually harmed by the...  View Details
      Keywords: Small Business; Competition; Retail Industry; United Kingdom
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      Sadun, Raffaella. "Does Planning Regulation Protect Independent Retailers?" Review of Economics and Statistics 97, no. 5 (December 2015): 983–1001.
      • Article

      How Local Context Shapes Digital Business Abroad

      By: William R. Kerr
      This article identifies how digital businesses need to be adapted to the local environment in which they are being applied. Core ideas include the development of strong barriers to entry, the types of network effects encountered, and the localization of business...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Technology; Geographic Location; Market entry And Exit; Adaptation; Entrepreneurship; Network Effects
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      Kerr, William R. "How Local Context Shapes Digital Business Abroad." Harvard Business Review (website) (June 24, 2015).
      • November 2014
      • Article

      The Dynamics of Firm Lobbying

      By: William R. Kerr, William F. Lincoln and Prachi Mishra
      We study the determinants of the dynamics of firm lobbying behavior using a panel data set covering 1998–2006. Our data exhibit three striking facts: (i) few firms lobby, (ii) lobbying status is strongly associated with firm size, and (iii) lobbying status is highly...  View Details
      Keywords: Lobbying; Political Economy; Immigration; H-1b; Organizational Change And Adaptation; Policy; Immigration
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      Kerr, William R., William F. Lincoln, and Prachi Mishra. "The Dynamics of Firm Lobbying." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 6, no. 4 (November 2014): 343–379.
      • August 2013
      • Technical Note

      Raising the Level of Abstraction

      By: Willy Shih
      This technical note discusses abstraction as a way of generalizing a process or component for wider application. By hiding complexity inside a module, abstraction enables system designers to think at a higher level. This lowers entry barriers to using (and reusing) a...  View Details
      Keywords: Abstraction; Modularity; Commercialization; Technology; Hardware; Information Technology; Software; Technology Platform; United States; Asia; Europe
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      Shih, Willy. "Raising the Level of Abstraction." Harvard Business School Technical Note 614-019, August 2013.
      • October 2012 (Revised August 2013)
      • Case

      Global Unichip Corporation (A)

      By: Willy Shih and Chen-Fu Chien
      Global Unichip Corporation (GUC) is a design services company that acts as a front-end to TSMC, the world's largest semiconductor foundry. In so doing, it masked the complexity of the latest process technologies, and reduced the entry barriers for small firms to...  View Details
      Keywords: Abstraction; Value-network; Complexity; Vertical Integration; Entry Barriers; Intermediaries; Dis-intermediation; Aggregator; Vertical Specialization; Technology Adoption; Technology Platform; Competitive Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Horizontal Integration; Vertical Integration; Technological Innovation; Innovation Strategy; Innovation And Management; Industry Structures; Hardware; Complexity; Information Technology; Semiconductor Industry; Technology Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Taiwan
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      Shih, Willy, and Chen-Fu Chien. "Global Unichip Corporation (A)." Harvard Business School Case 613-048, October 2012. (Revised August 2013.)
      • August 2012 (Revised August 2013)
      • Background Note

      Competency-Destroying Technology Transitions: Why the Transition to Digital Is Particularly Challenging

      By: Willy Shih
      Some technology transitions are exceedingly difficult for incumbent firms to execute. The bankruptcy filing by the Eastman Kodak Company highlighted the difficulty companies faced when their core business transitioned from an analog to a digital world. Kodak's business...  View Details
      Keywords: Technology Transitions; Competency-destroying; Digital; Analog; Digital Transition; Modular; Modularity; Technological Change; Radical Innovation; Incremental Innovation; Architectural Innovation; Modular Innovation; Disruptive Innovation; Sustaining Innovation; Competency-enhancing; Noise Propagation; Perfect Copying; Digital Music; Digital Media; Consumer Electronics; Kodak; Sony; Panasonic; Disruptive Innovation; Technology Adoption; Transition; Change Management; Consumer Products Industry; United States
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      Shih, Willy. "Competency-Destroying Technology Transitions: Why the Transition to Digital Is Particularly Challenging." Harvard Business School Background Note 613-024, August 2012. (Revised August 2013.)
      • April 2012 (Revised October 2013)
      • Case

      eBay, Inc. and Amazon.com (A)

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Anant Thaker
      This case has been designed to explore strategic interactions among organizations with different business models. The case considers how a competitor successfully challenged the incumbent in a platform market defined by strong network effects and high switching costs....  View Details
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Anant Thaker. "eBay, Inc. and Amazon.com (A)." Harvard Business School Case 712-405, April 2012. (Revised October 2013.)
      • 2013
      • Working Paper

      Does Planning Regulation Protect Independent Retailers?

      By: Raffaella Sadun
      Regulations aimed at curbing the entry of large retail stores have been introduced in many countries to protect independent retailers. Analyzing a planning reform launched in the United Kingdom in the 1990s, I show that independent retailers were actually harmed by the...  View Details
      Keywords: Country; Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms; Employment; Governance Controls; Framework; Planning; Market entry And Exit; Retail Industry; United Kingdom
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      Sadun, Raffaella. "Does Planning Regulation Protect Independent Retailers?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-044, December 2011. (published in Review of Economics and Statistics), Revised December 2013.)
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      From Entry Barriers to Mobility Barriers: Conjectural Decisions and Contrived Deterrence to New Competition
      Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation: Shaping the Vaccine Manufacturing Ecosystem (Abridged)
      → Search All HBS Web
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