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- April 2021
- Case
The Clean Network and the Future of Global Technology Competition
By: Meg Rithmire and Courtney Han
In May 2019, amidst of an ever-worsening trade war between the U.S. and China, President Donald Trump added Chinese telecom giant Huawei to the Department of Commerce’s “entity list,” essentially forbidding American firms from doing business with the company. Huawei,...
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- March 2021 (Revised April 2021)
- Case
Making Impact Investing Markets: IFC (A)
By: Shawn A. Cole, John Masko and T. Robert Zochowski
In 2017, the International Finance Corporation (IFC) faced the first big investment decision in its new Scaling Solar project. Founded in 1956, IFC was an international investment body with national governments as shareholders, whose mission was to promote economic...
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Keywords:
Impact Investing;
Development Economics;
Developing Countries and Economies;
Renewable Energy;
Climate Change;
Environmental Sustainability;
Borrowing and Debt;
Credit;
Equity;
Bonds;
Financing and Loans;
Growth and Development;
Emerging Markets;
Non-Governmental Organizations;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Investment;
Decision Making;
Financial Services Industry;
Energy Industry;
Zambia
- 2021
- Working Paper
Deregulation, Market Power, and Prices: Evidence from the Electricity Sector
By: Alexander MacKay and Ignacia Mercadal
When deciding whether to introduce market-based prices into a regulated market, a regulator faces the following tradeoff: profit incentives may reduce costs through the more efficient allocation of resources, but the presence of market power may lead to increased...
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- March 2021 (Revised May 2021)
- Case
M-KOPA: Empowering Lives
By: V. Kasturi Rangan, Wale Lawal and Pippa Tubman Armerding
The Pay As You Go solar power company in East Africa had sales of $71 million in 2019. It wished to grow to $300 million by 2025. M-KOPA, founded by three entrepreneurs in 2011, had grown nicely in Kenya and Uganda to reach nearly 750,000 households with an...
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- November 2020
- Case
Holaluz: Taking on the Spanish Energy Market
By: Elie Ofek, Marco Bertini, Oded Koenigsberg, Elena Corsi and Emer Moloney
In 2020, the three cofounders of Holaluz, a newcomer to Spain’s electricity retail market, are preparing to launch a new offering: installing and managing solar panels on households' roofs at no extra cost for the consumer, who would still benefit from the energy...
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- September 2020 (Revised November 2020)
- Case
d.light
By: Michael Chu, Krishna G. Palepu and Dilyana Karadzhova Botha
Kenyan off-grid-solar pioneer d.light can power entire homes in rural Africa but must now decide how to fund the growth of its asset-heavy business model. Ned Tozun and Sam Goldman founded d.light in 2006 to transform lives through solar solutions enabling access to...
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- August 2020 (Revised November 2020)
- Case
Gogoro: From Electric Scooter to Energy Platform
By: Tarun Khanna and Billy Chan
The founder of Gogoro had always wanted to revolutionize the energy market from day one since he started the electric scooter business that featured an innovative battery swapping technology. Over the course of five years, he had developed a premium line of electric...
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- May 2020
- Case
Big Boom Beverages: Fight or Flight?
By: Stephen A. Greyser and William Ellet
Four college friends market a beverage that combines ingredients like those in a drink they consumed in college bars. It includes a caffeinated energy drink, malt liquor, and a soft drink flavoring. They launch the business, Big Boom Beverages (BBB), with their own...
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- May 2020
- Teaching Note
Big Boom Beverages: Fight or Flight? (Brief Case)
By: Stephen A. Greyser and William Ellet
Teaching Note for HBS Brief Case No. 920-557. The case addresses analysis and decisions related to the entrepreneurial life of a distinctive energy beverage, including its niche market launch, early problems, reformulation, social media impact, market success, and...
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- March 2020
- Case
Voi Technology
By: Jeffrey F. Rayport and Olivia Hull
Voi Technology, a fast-growing start-up out of Sweden, is competing in the highly contested European e-scooter sharing market. With a presence in nearly 40 cities in Europe by February 2020, the firm is working hard to improve its unit economics to reach profitability....
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Keywords:
Entrepreneurship;
Business Strategy;
Technology Adoption;
Innovation Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Marketing Strategy;
Business Plan;
Product Marketing;
Product Launch;
Product Positioning;
Energy Conservation;
Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues;
Global Strategy;
Globalized Economies and Regions;
Innovation Leadership;
Human Capital;
Laws and Statutes;
Growth Management;
Operations;
Logistics;
Service Operations;
Supply Chain Management;
Organizational Culture;
Hardware;
Transportation;
Transportation Industry;
Technology Industry;
Europe
- February 2020 (Revised March 2020)
- Case
Prime Coalition: Catalytic Capital for Climate Innovation
By: Ramana Nanda, Benjamin N. Roth and Olivia Hull
With long development timelines and high risk, new energy technologies were often left to languish in the “valley of death,” unable to raise enough funds to bring a product to market. In 2014, Sarah Kearney founded the nonprofit Prime Coalition to solve this problem....
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Keywords:
Energy Conservation;
Renewable Energy;
Social Entrepreneurship;
Venture Capital;
Investment;
Innovation and Invention;
Technological Innovation;
Mission and Purpose;
Science-Based Business;
Nonprofit Organizations;
Social Enterprise;
Energy Industry;
Technology Industry;
Green Technology Industry;
United States
- January 2020
- Background Note
Climate Change in 2020: Implications for Business
By: Rebecca M. Henderson, Sophus A. Reinert and Mariana Oseguera
This note provides general information about climate change and its implications for business. Included is an overview of climate change science and a number of its impacts, including rising sea levels, changing weather patterns and extreme weather, pressure on water...
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Keywords:
Climate Change;
Environmental Accounting;
Agribusiness;
Economic Growth;
Energy Conservation;
Energy Generation;
Renewable Energy;
Energy Sources;
Non-Renewable Energy;
Globalized Markets and Industries;
National Security;
Government Legislation;
Operations;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Problems and Challenges;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Natural Disasters;
Natural Environment;
Environmental Sustainability;
Pollutants;
Science-Based Business;
Weather;
Society;
Technology
- November 2019 (Revised June 2020)
- Case
Russia: A Drama In Three Acts
By: Rawi Abdelal, Rafael Di Tella, Galit Goldstein and Sogomon Tarontsi
The collapse of central authority in the Soviet Union in 1991 ushered in a period of revolutionary transformations for the states that emerged in its wake. The leaders of Russia, the USSR's successor, struggled to reestablish central authority while also seeking to...
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Keywords:
Business ＆ Government Relations;
Developing Countries;
Government Policy;
Policy Change;
Policy Making;
Economic Systems;
Economics;
Globalization;
Emerging Markets;
Privatization;
Non-Renewable Energy;
Governance;
Global Strategy;
Corporate Governance;
Policy;
Business History;
Lawfulness;
Problems and Challenges;
Business and Government Relations;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Strategy;
Change Management;
Russia;
Moscow
- November 2019 (Revised April 2021)
- Technical Note
Rechargeable Batteries, 2017: Gigafactory Wars in the Offing?
By: John R. Wells and Benjamin Weinstock
In 2017, the global market for rechargeable lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries was 126 gigawatt-hours (GWh) valued at $37 billion, growing by $10 billion in two years. Once confined largely to consumer electronics and appliances, the rapid increase in demand was spurred by...
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Keywords:
Batteries;
Rechargeable Batteries;
Lithium-ion;
Lithium-ion Batteries;
Electric Vehicle;
Electric Vehicles;
Energy Entrepreneurship;
Energy Markets;
Energy Storage;
Battery;
Demand Uncertainty;
Demand Forecasting;
Supply ＆ Demand;
Supply And Demand;
Capacity Planning;
Tesla;
Technological And Scientific Innovation;
Technological Change;
Technology Change;
Technology Commercialization;
Policy Change;
Subsidies;
Power/Energy;
Power Grid;
Energy Policy;
Developing Markets;
Alevo;
Samsung;
LG Chem;
CATL;
Northvolt;
General Motors;
Energy;
Entrepreneurship;
Technological Innovation;
Commercialization;
Policy;
Demand and Consumers;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Supply and Industry;
Emerging Markets;
Competitive Strategy;
China
- August 2019
- Case
The United States and Russia: Gas Rivals in Europe?
By: Rawi Abdelal, Galit Goldstein and Paul Apostolicas
Though the shale revolution transformed the U.S. into the largest producer of petroleum products, it was unclear how much success American exporters would find selling liquefied natural gas on the European energy market. Gazprom, the state-controlled Russian energy...
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Keywords:
Gas Pipelines;
Natural Gas;
LNG;
Strategic Analysis;
Strategic Behavior;
Energy Markets;
Entrepreneurial Financing;
Entrepreneurial Risk;
Entrepreneurial Ventures;
Entrepreneurial Selling;
Energy;
Energy Sources;
Entrepreneurship;
Market Entry and Exit;
Marketing Strategy;
Price;
Energy Industry;
Russia;
United States;
Europe;
European Union
- June 2019
- Teaching Note
CEWD: Closing the Skills Gap
By: William R. Kerr and Ted Smalley Bowen
Teaching Note for HBS No. 818-081. The teaching note presents background, case details, and teaching strategies, along with board plans and supporting graphics.
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Keywords:
Competency and Skills;
Training;
Demographics;
Economics;
Education;
Energy;
Jobs and Positions;
Intellectual Property;
Labor;
Knowledge;
Leadership;
Management;
Marketing;
Organizations;
Outcome or Result;
Performance;
Personal Development and Career;
Projects;
Relationships;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Science;
Technology;
Energy Industry;
North and Central America
- June 2019
- Case
The Shale Revolution: America's Energy Independence?
By: Richard H.K. Vietor and Howaida Kamel
The shale revolution has upended oil and gas markets for nearly a decade and has positioned the U.S. to become a net energy exporter by 2020. Technological improvements pushed productivity forward which has had positive overall positive affects for the U.S. economy....
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- January 2019 (Revised December 2019)
- Case
CrossBoundary Energy
By: John Macomber
Almost 500 million people are without electricity in sub-Saharan Africa. Governments and public utilities are challenged to bring generation and distribution to most of them. Considerable promise exists in “off-grid” or “mini-grid” technologies, notably using renewable...
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Keywords:
Energy Investing;
Economic Development;
Renewable Energy;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Developing Countries and Economies;
Project Finance;
Emerging Markets;
Industry Structures;
Infrastructure;
Segmentation;
Private Equity;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Energy Industry;
Utilities Industry;
Africa;
Tanzania;
Ghana
- December 2018 (Revised January 2021)
- Case
Bulb 2015: Foundation
By: John R. Wells and Benjamin Weinstock
This is the first case in a three-case series on Bulb Energy Ltd. It is followed by “Bulb 2017: Launch” (719-441) and “Bulb 2018: Rapid Growth” (719-442). It describes the foundation of Bulb, a renewable energy supplier entering the highly competitive UK market in...
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- December 2018 (Revised January 2021)
- Supplement
Bulb 2017: Launch
By: John R. Wells and Benjamin Weinstock
This is the second case in a three-case series on Bulb Energy Ltd. It comes after “Bulb 2015: Foundation” (719-440) and is followed by “Bulb 2018: Rapid Growth” (719-442). It describes the launch of Bulb, a renewable energy supplier entering the highly competitive UK...
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Keywords:
Green Energy;
Start-up;
Launch;
Customer Acquisition;
Customer Churn;
Customer Engagement;
Electricity;
Resources;
Growth Strategy;
B-Corp;
Renewable Energy;
Business Startups;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Business Model;
Working Capital;
Product Launch;
Customers;
Growth Management;
Business Plan;
Decision Making;
United Kingdom