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- August 2023
- Case
BYD, China, and Global Electric Vehicle Rivalry
By: Cynthia A. Montgomery and Max Hancock
In 2023, BYD, a Chinese electric vehicle (EV) maker, surpassed Tesla to become the world's best-selling EV brand. BYD began selling mobile phone batteries in 1995, acquired a license to sell vehicles in 2002, and spent two decades building its EV brand, growing its...
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- June 2020
- Article
Real-time Data from Mobile Platforms to Evaluate Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
By: Omar Isaac Asensio, Kevin Alvarez, Arielle Dror, Emerson Wenzel, Catharina Hollauer and Sooji Ha
By displacing gasoline and diesel fuels, electric cars and fleets reduce emissions from the transportation sector, thus offering important public health benefits. However, public confidence in the reliability of charging infrastructure remains a fundamental barrier to...
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- May 2023
- Teaching Note
Tesla’s Uncertain Fate as EV Race Accelerates
By: David Collis
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 722-368. The case describes the strategic position of Tesla in 2021. While the firm has been successful in driving adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) globally and has a huge market share in the segment, it faces an impending tsunami of...
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- February 2023
- Article
Climate Solutions Investments
By: Alex Cheema-Fox, George Serafeim and Hui (Stacie) Wang
An increasing number of companies are providing products and services that help reduce carbon emissions in the economy. We develop a methodology to identify those companies and create a sample of publicly listed climate solutions companies allowing us to study their...
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- January 2023 (Revised May 2023)
- Case
Elon Musk at Tesla
By: George Serafeim and Amram Migdal
This case gives an overview of Elon Musk’s career arc through the lens of the 2003 founding of Tesla and its growth through 2022. Background information is included on Tesla’s unique strategic decisions, its operational and reputational struggles and successes, and the...
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Keywords:
Business Ventures;
Decision Making;
Design;
Energy;
Renewable Energy;
Engineering;
Entrepreneurship;
Environmental Management;
Climate Change;
Environmental Sustainability;
Green Technology;
Values and Beliefs;
Governance;
Innovation and Invention;
Innovation Leadership;
Innovation Strategy;
Leadership;
Leadership Style;
Management;
Goals and Objectives;
Organizations;
Mission and Purpose;
Society;
Social Issues;
Strategy;
Transportation;
Value;
Auto Industry;
Transportation Industry
- November 2022 (Revised October 2023)
- Teaching Note
Driving Decarbonization at BMW
Teaching note in support of the case "Driving Decarbonization at BMW" (HBS No. 123-008)
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Keywords:
Decarbonization;
Environment;
Sustainability;
Carbon Accounting;
Carbon;
Carbon Abatement;
Electric Vehicles;
Automobiles;
Transportation;
Environmental Accounting;
Accounting;
Environmental Management;
Environmental Sustainability;
Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Supply Chain;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Climate Change;
Transportation Industry;
Auto Industry;
Germany;
Europe;
China;
United States
- October 2022
- Case
Driving Decarbonization at BMW
The case describes BMW’s electrification and decarbonization strategy, and how the company measured carbon emissions throughout the life cycle of its vehicles and used tools like carbon abatement cost curves to evaluate decarbonization opportunities. In mid-2022,...
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Keywords:
Decarbonization;
Climate Change;
Environment;
Sustainability;
Carbon Accounting;
Carbon;
Carbon Abatement;
Electric Vehicles;
Automobiles;
Transportation;
Environmental Accounting;
Environmental Management;
Environmental Sustainability;
Accounting;
Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Supply Chain;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Transportation Industry;
Auto Industry;
Battery Industry;
Germany;
China;
United States;
Europe
- April 2022
- Case
NIO: A Chinese EV Company's Global Strategy
By: William C. Kirby, Shu Lin and Noah B. Truwit
Founded in November 2014 and based in Shanghai, NIO designed, jointly manufactured, and sold premium “smart” EVs. Its mission was to “shape a joyful lifestyle by offering high-performance smart electric vehicles and being the best user enterprise. At NIO Day 2021,...
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- March 2022 (Revised November 2023)
- Case
Doubling Down: Elon Musk's Big Bets in 2022
By: David Yoffie and Daniel Fisher
2021 was a banner year for Elon Musk. CEO of the electric vehicle manufacturer Tesla, the aerospace manufacturer SpaceX, and a few smaller startups, Musk became the richest person on Earth after Tesla reached a market capitalization of $1 trillion and SpaceX a private...
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Keywords:
Innovation and Management;
Competitive Advantage;
Competitive Strategy;
Information Infrastructure;
Applications and Software;
Transportation;
Strategic Planning;
Leadership Style;
Leading Change;
Goals and Objectives;
Aerospace Industry;
Auto Industry;
Battery Industry;
United States;
Europe;
China
- February 2022 (Revised September 2022)
- Case
Lilium: Preparing for Takeoff
By: Navid Mojir, Vincent Dessain, Mette Fuglsang Hjortshoej and Emer Moloney
Lilium is a German company focused on developing electric vertical takeoff and landing vehicles (eVTOLs) that can be used to offer air taxi services. The company went public in September 2021 through a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC) deal, raising more than...
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Keywords:
SPACs;
Business Model;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Green Technology;
Capital Markets;
Venture Capital;
Initial Public Offering;
Rural Scope;
Urban Scope;
City;
Disruptive Innovation;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Demand and Consumers;
Market Timing;
Industry Growth;
Infrastructure;
Logistics;
Product Design;
Product Development;
Production;
Service Delivery;
Service Operations;
Strategic Planning;
Partners and Partnerships;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Urban Development;
Sustainable Cities;
Business Strategy;
Competitive Strategy;
Competitive Advantage;
Air Transportation;
Aerospace Industry;
Air Transportation Industry;
Green Technology Industry;
Transportation Industry;
Travel Industry;
Germany;
Munich;
Brazil;
United States;
Florida
- February 2022 (Revised March 2022)
- Case
National Electric Vehicles Sweden (NEVS): Materializing a Vision
By: Shane Greenstein and Elena Corsi
In 2021, the car manufacturer National Electric Vehicle Sweden (NEVS) faced the challenge of securing funding from its investor to launch an innovative mobility solution based on fleets of shared autonomous driving (AD) cars. The system was complex as it required the...
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- January 2022 (Revised August 2022)
- Case
Geely SEA: New Electric Vehicle Platforms
By: Willy C. Shih and Shu Lin
Kent Bovellan, the Chief Engineer and Head of the Vehicle Architecture Center for Geely Holding, the Hangzhou, China headquartered global automotive group, was debating the platform choice for an upcoming "D" segment midsized battery electric vehicle (BEV). He had led...
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Keywords:
Product Innovation;
Product Architecture;
Product Engineering;
Platform Design;
Platform Strategy;
Information Infrastructure;
Digital Platforms;
Information Technology;
Product Design;
Product Development;
Cost Management;
Decision Making;
Competitive Strategy;
Industry Structures;
Auto Industry;
China;
Sweden
- 2022
- Case
Tesla's Battery Supply Chain: A Growing Concern
In October 2021, the fictional vice president of supply chain sustainability at Tesla is working on finding the best way to achieve Tesla's goal of 100% recycling for the batteries in its electric vehicles (EVs) as they reach their end of life. A major challenge in...
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- November 2021 (Revised May 2022)
- Case
QuantumScape's Mission to Revolutionize Energy Storage for a Sustainable Future
By: William A. Sahlman, Allison M. Ciechanover and Jeff Huizinga
QuantumScape CEO Jagdeep Singh juggles the many activities required to lead the next-generation battery pioneer. Founded in 2010, QuantumScape’s mission was to develop new “solid-state” car batteries that would improve upon traditional lithium-ion batteries in key...
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- September 2021
- Case
Tesla Motors in 2021: Competition Revs Up
By: Eric J. Van den Steen, Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Karen Elterman
Over its 17 years in existence, Tesla had redefined people’s view of electric cars, and in 2020, the company saw its stock rise by more than 700% to became the most valuable carmaker in the world. In December 2020, Tesla celebrated its fifth consecutive quarter of...
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Keywords:
Barrier To Entry;
Competitive Advantage;
Innovation;
Tesla;
Automotive Industry;
Sustainable Competitive Advantage;
Values;
Vision;
Learning By Doing;
Economies Of Scale;
Electric Vehicle;
Scenario Planning;
Batteries;
Competitive Strategy;
Product Positioning;
Profit;
Competition;
Industry Growth;
Auto Industry
- September 2021 (Revised October 2021)
- Case
Tesla's Uncertain Fate as EV Race Accelerates
By: David Collis and Haisley Wert
By September 2021, Tesla had a staggering market cap of $755 billion. As the leader of the automobile industry, Tesla’s worth surpassed that of the six largest runner-ups combined, including Toyota, Volkswagen, BYD, Daimler, Great Wall Motors, and General Motors. As...
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- March 1, 2021
- Article
Transitioning to Clean Energy Transportation Services: Life-cycle Cost Analysis for Vehicle Fleets
By: Stephen Comello, Gunther Glenk and Stefan Reichelstein
Comprehensive global decarbonization requires that transportation services cease to rely on fossil fuels for power generation. This paper develops a generic, time-driven life-cycle cost model for mobility services to address two closely related questions central to the...
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Keywords:
Decarbonization;
Electric Vehicles;
Renewable Energy;
Biofuel;
Carbon Emissions;
Mobility;
Batteries;
Energy;
Environmental Management;
Environmental Accounting;
Transportation;
Operations;
Management;
Sustainable Cities;
Decision Making;
Investment;
Energy Industry;
Transportation Industry;
Utilities Industry;
Motorcycle Industry;
Auto Industry;
Consulting Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Manufacturing Industry;
Europe;
North America;
South America;
Africa;
Asia
- February 2021
- Article
Topic Classification of Electric Vehicle Consumer Experiences with Transformer-Based Deep Learning
By: Sooji Ha, Daniel J Marchetto, Sameer Dharur and Omar Isaac Asensio
The transportation sector is a major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and is a driver of adverse health effects globally. Increasingly, government policies have promoted the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) as a solution to mitigate GHG emissions....
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- November 2020 (Revised May 2023)
- Case
Holaluz: Taking on the Spanish Energy Market
By: Elie Ofek, Marco Bertini, Oded Koenigsberg, Elena Corsi and Emer Moloney
In 2020, the three cofounders of Holaluz, a newcomer to Spain’s electricity retail market, are preparing to launch a new offering: installing and managing solar panels on households' roofs at no extra cost for the consumer, who would still benefit from the energy...
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- June 6, 2019
- Article
Tesla's Advantage? 'It's the Software, Stupid.'
By: Lou Shipley
Without question, entrepreneur, innovator and engineer Elon Musk is a controversial figure, but there is no disputing that his first-to-market Tesla electric vehicles are not only revolutionizing the high-end driving experience, but also disrupting the automobile...
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Keywords:
Tesla;
Elon Musk;
Autonomous Vehicle;
Transportation;
Software;
Technology;
Disruption;
Auto Industry