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    • All HBS Web  (213)
      • Faculty Publications  (54)

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      • Working Paper

      Representation and Extrapolation: Evidence from Clinical Trials

      By: Marcella Alsan, Maya Durvasula, Harsh Gupta, Joshua Schwartzstein and Heidi L. Williams
      This article examines the consequences and causes of low enrollment of Black patients in clinical trials. We develop a simple model of similarity-based extrapolation that predicts that evidence is more relevant for decision-making by physicians and patients when it...  View Details
      Keywords: Representation; Racial Disparity; Health Testing and Trials; Race; Equality and Inequality; Innovation and Invention; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Alsan, Marcella, Maya Durvasula, Harsh Gupta, Joshua Schwartzstein, and Heidi L. Williams. "Representation and Extrapolation: Evidence from Clinical Trials." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30575, October 2022. (Revise and resubmit, Quarterly Journal of Economics.)
      • September 2022
      • Article

      Tone at the Bottom: Measuring Corporate Misconduct Risk from the Text of Employee Reviews

      By: Dennis W. Campbell and Ruidi Shang
      This paper examines whether information extracted via text-based statistical methods applied to employee reviews left on the website Glassdoor.com can be used to develop indicators of corporate misconduct risk. We argue that inside information on the incidence of...  View Details
      Keywords: Management Accounting; Management Control; Corporate Culture; Corporate Misconduct; Risk Measurement; Organizational Culture; Crime and Corruption; Risk and Uncertainty; Measurement and Metrics
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      Campbell, Dennis W., and Ruidi Shang. "Tone at the Bottom: Measuring Corporate Misconduct Risk from the Text of Employee Reviews." Management Science 68, no. 9 (September 2022): 7034–7053.
      • Article

      The Errors of Experts: When Expertise Hinders Effective Provision and Seeking of Advice and Feedback

      By: Ting Zhang, Kelly Harrington and Elad Sherf
      To be effective, experts need to simultaneously develop others (i.e. provide advice and feedback to novices) and advance their own learning (i.e. seek and incorporate advice and feedback from others). However, expertise, and the state of efficacy associated with it,...  View Details
      Keywords: Expertise; Self-efficacy; Feedback; Perspective Taking; Cognitive Entrenchment; Interpersonal Communication
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      Zhang, Ting, Kelly Harrington, and Elad Sherf. "The Errors of Experts: When Expertise Hinders Effective Provision and Seeking of Advice and Feedback." Current Opinion in Psychology 43 (February 2022): 91–95.
      • Article

      Reliable Post hoc Explanations: Modeling Uncertainty in Explainability

      By: Dylan Slack, Sophie Hilgard, Sameer Singh and Himabindu Lakkaraju
      As black box explanations are increasingly being employed to establish model credibility in high stakes settings, it is important to ensure that these explanations are accurate and reliable. However, prior work demonstrates that explanations generated by...  View Details
      Keywords: Black Box Explanations; Bayesian Modeling; Decision Making; Risk and Uncertainty; Information Technology
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      Slack, Dylan, Sophie Hilgard, Sameer Singh, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Reliable Post hoc Explanations: Modeling Uncertainty in Explainability." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) 34 (2021).
      • Article

      Learning Models for Actionable Recourse

      By: Alexis Ross, Himabindu Lakkaraju and Osbert Bastani
      As machine learning models are increasingly deployed in high-stakes domains such as legal and financial decision-making, there has been growing interest in post-hoc methods for generating counterfactual explanations. Such explanations provide individuals adversely...  View Details
      Keywords: Machine Learning Models; Recourse; Algorithm; Mathematical Methods
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      Ross, Alexis, Himabindu Lakkaraju, and Osbert Bastani. "Learning Models for Actionable Recourse." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) 34 (2021).
      • 2021
      • Chapter

      Towards a Unified Framework for Fair and Stable Graph Representation Learning

      By: Chirag Agarwal, Himabindu Lakkaraju and Marinka Zitnik
      As the representations output by Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are increasingly employed in real-world applications, it becomes important to ensure that these representations are fair and stable. In this work, we establish a key connection between counterfactual...  View Details
      Keywords: Graph Neural Networks; AI and Machine Learning; Prejudice and Bias
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      Agarwal, Chirag, Himabindu Lakkaraju, and Marinka Zitnik. "Towards a Unified Framework for Fair and Stable Graph Representation Learning." In Proceedings of the 37th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, edited by Cassio de Campos and Marloes H. Maathuis, 2114–2124. AUAI Press, 2021.
      • June 2021
      • Teaching Note

      Pearson: Efficacy 2.0

      By: Elie Ofek and Marco Bertini
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 521-012.  View Details
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      Ofek, Elie, and Marco Bertini. "Pearson: Efficacy 2.0." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 521-115, June 2021.
      • 2021
      • Article

      Does Fair Ranking Improve Minority Outcomes? Understanding the Interplay of Human and Algorithmic Biases in Online Hiring

      By: Tom Sühr, Sophie Hilgard and Himabindu Lakkaraju
      Ranking algorithms are being widely employed in various online hiring platforms including LinkedIn, TaskRabbit, and Fiverr. Prior research has demonstrated that ranking algorithms employed by these platforms are prone to a variety of undesirable biases, leading to the...  View Details
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      Sühr, Tom, Sophie Hilgard, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Does Fair Ranking Improve Minority Outcomes? Understanding the Interplay of Human and Algorithmic Biases in Online Hiring." Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, and Society 4th (2021).
      • 2021
      • Article

      Fair Influence Maximization: A Welfare Optimization Approach

      By: Aida Rahmattalabi, Shahin Jabbari, Himabindu Lakkaraju, Phebe Vayanos, Max Izenberg, Ryan Brown, Eric Rice and Milind Tambe
      Several behavioral, social, and public health interventions, such as suicide/HIV prevention or community preparedness against natural disasters, leverage social network information to maximize outreach. Algorithmic influence maximization techniques have been proposed...  View Details
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      Rahmattalabi, Aida, Shahin Jabbari, Himabindu Lakkaraju, Phebe Vayanos, Max Izenberg, Ryan Brown, Eric Rice, and Milind Tambe. "Fair Influence Maximization: A Welfare Optimization Approach." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35th (2021).
      • January 2021 (Revised March 2021)
      • Case

      Serum Institute of India (SII): Racing to Save Lives During a Pandemic

      By: Rohit Deshpandé, Anjali Raina and Rachna Chawla
      The CEO of Serum Institute of India (SII), a $12.8 billion Indian Family business is faced with a risky choice between principles and profit. SII is the largest manufacturer of vaccines in the world and Adar Poonawalla, the CEO and son of the founder has to decide how...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Ethics; Healthcare; COVID-19; Vaccines; Family Business; Ethics; Health Care and Treatment; Health Pandemics; Leadership; Corporate Accountability; Fairness; Growth and Development Strategy; Health Industry; India; South Asia
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      Deshpandé, Rohit, Anjali Raina, and Rachna Chawla. "Serum Institute of India (SII): Racing to Save Lives During a Pandemic." Harvard Business School Case 521-028, January 2021. (Revised March 2021.)
      • January 2021
      • Case

      Pearson: Efficacy 2.0

      By: Elie Ofek, Marco Bertini, Oded Koenigsberg and James Weber
      Pearson, which billed itself as the "world's learning company," faced a host of critical decisions in mid-2020. Several years prior, it had embarked on a new path that put the learner at the heart of the business and committed to a new strategic orientation. The new...  View Details
      Keywords: Efficacy; Learning; Outcome or Result; Measurement and Metrics; Brands and Branding; Marketing Communications; Strategic Planning; Education Industry
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      Ofek, Elie, Marco Bertini, Oded Koenigsberg, and James Weber. "Pearson: Efficacy 2.0." Harvard Business School Case 521-012, January 2021.
      • Article

      Towards Robust and Reliable Algorithmic Recourse

      By: Sohini Upadhyay, Shalmali Joshi and Himabindu Lakkaraju
      As predictive models are increasingly being deployed in high-stakes decision making (e.g., loan approvals), there has been growing interest in post-hoc techniques which provide recourse to affected individuals. These techniques generate recourses under the assumption...  View Details
      Keywords: Machine Learning Models; Algorithmic Recourse; Decision Making; Forecasting and Prediction
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      Upadhyay, Sohini, Shalmali Joshi, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Towards Robust and Reliable Algorithmic Recourse." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) 34 (2021).
      • December 2020 (Revised April 2021)
      • Case

      IBM Watson at MD Anderson Cancer Center

      By: Shane Greenstein, Mel Martin and Sarkis Agaian
      After discovering that their cancer diagnostic tool, designed to leverage the cloud computing power of IBM Watson, needed greater integration into the clinical processes at the MD Anderson Cancer Center, the development team had difficult choices to make. The Oncology...  View Details
      Keywords: Decision Making; Innovation Strategy; Knowledge Management; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Operations; Failure; Information Technology; Applications and Software; Health Care and Treatment; Product Development; Health Industry; Information Technology Industry; Technology Industry; United States; Houston; Texas
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      Greenstein, Shane, Mel Martin, and Sarkis Agaian. "IBM Watson at MD Anderson Cancer Center." Harvard Business School Case 621-022, December 2020. (Revised April 2021.)
      • Article

      Incorporating Interpretable Output Constraints in Bayesian Neural Networks

      By: Wanqian Yang, Lars Lorch, Moritz Graule, Himabindu Lakkaraju and Finale Doshi-Velez
      Domains where supervised models are deployed often come with task-specific constraints, such as prior expert knowledge on the ground-truth function, or desiderata like safety and fairness. We introduce a novel probabilistic framework for reasoning with such constraints...  View Details
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      Yang, Wanqian, Lars Lorch, Moritz Graule, Himabindu Lakkaraju, and Finale Doshi-Velez. "Incorporating Interpretable Output Constraints in Bayesian Neural Networks." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) 33 (2020).
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: The Impact of Access and Value

      By: Retsef Levi, Elisabeth Paulson and Georgia Perakis
      The goal of this paper is to leverage household-level data to improve food-related policies aimed at increasing the consumption of fruits and vegetables (FVs) among low-income households. Currently, several interventions target areas where residents have limited...  View Details
      Keywords: Food Deserts; Food Access; Food Policy; Causal Inference; Food; Nutrition; Poverty; Government Administration
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      Levi, Retsef, Elisabeth Paulson, and Georgia Perakis. "Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: The Impact of Access and Value." MIT Sloan Research Paper, No. 5389-18, October 2020.
      • March 2020
      • Case

      EyeControl: Inspiring Communication

      By: Paul A. Gompers and Danielle Golan
      Eye-controlled communication device startup EyeControl was founded in Tel Aviv, Israel in 2016 by cofounders with a shared personal connection to locked-in syndrome—a neurological disorder that left sufferers cognitively sound, yet paralyzed, with the exception of eye...  View Details
      Keywords: Health Disorders; Communication Technology; Business Startups; Expansion; Finance; Decision Making; Social Enterprise; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
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      Gompers, Paul A., and Danielle Golan. "EyeControl: Inspiring Communication." Harvard Business School Case 820-078, March 2020.
      • Article

      What We Can Learn from Five Naturalistic Field Experiments That Failed to Shift Commuter Behaviour

      By: Ariella S. Kristal and A.V. Whillans
      Across five field experiments with employees of a large organization (n = 68,915), we examined whether standard behavioural interventions (“nudges”) successfully reduced single-occupancy vehicle commutes. In Studies 1 and 2, we sent letters and emails with nudges...  View Details
      Keywords: Commuting; Field Experiments; Nudges; Behavior; Change
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      Kristal, Ariella S., and A.V. Whillans. "What We Can Learn from Five Naturalistic Field Experiments That Failed to Shift Commuter Behaviour." Nature Human Behaviour 4, no. 2 (February 2020): 169–176. (This article was featured on the cover as the lead article.)
      • Article

      The Mixed Effects of Online Diversity Training

      By: Edward H. Chang, Katherine L. Milkman, Dena M. Gromet, Robert W. Rebele, Cade Massey, Angela L. Duckworth and Adam M. Grant
      We present results from a large (n = 3,016) field experiment at a global organization testing whether a brief science-based online diversity training can change attitudes and behaviors toward women in the workplace. Our preregistered field experiment included an...  View Details
      Keywords: Diversity Training; Bias; Field Experiment; Training; Gender; Race; Prejudice and Bias
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      Chang, Edward H., Katherine L. Milkman, Dena M. Gromet, Robert W. Rebele, Cade Massey, Angela L. Duckworth, and Adam M. Grant. "The Mixed Effects of Online Diversity Training." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 16 (April 16, 2019): 7778–7783.
      • April 2019 (Revised January 2022)
      • Case

      Clear Link Technologies, LLC: Driving Sales with Peer Effects

      By: Christopher Stanton, Richard Saouma and Olivia Hull
      The importance of a good peer or coworker is widely discussed, but understanding the glue that makes coworkers valuable is less understood. This case sheds light on the importance of peers and the practices and environments that make a group greater than the sum of its...  View Details
      Keywords: Talent and Talent Management; Interactive Communication; Experience and Expertise; Decision Making; Training; Design; Compensation and Benefits; Knowledge Acquisition; Knowledge Sharing; Human Capital; Working Conditions; Measurement and Metrics; Outcome or Result; Performance; Performance Improvement; Research; Sales; Salesforce Management; Motivation and Incentives; Telecommunications Industry; Utah; United States
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      Stanton, Christopher, Richard Saouma, and Olivia Hull. "Clear Link Technologies, LLC: Driving Sales with Peer Effects." Harvard Business School Case 819-072, April 2019. (Revised January 2022.)
      • September 2018
      • Case

      Kevin Ryan Inc.

      By: Shikhar Ghosh and Greg Marsh
      The case focuses on the hiring process for a CEO. Kevin Ryan had a solid trajectory as a serial entrepreneur of well-known ventures like Gilt Group, DoubleClick, Business Insider, among others. Ryan tended to involve himself in all aspects of his ventures: ideation,...  View Details
      Keywords: Hiring; Team Building; Interviews; CEO; Human Resources; Selection and Staffing; Entrepreneurship; Business Startups; United States; North America
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, and Greg Marsh. "Kevin Ryan Inc." Harvard Business School Case 819-047, September 2018.
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