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      • 2025
      • Book

      After the Idea: What It Really takes to Create and Scale a Startup

      By: Julia Austin
      A lot of entrepreneurs are great at the idea part but do not anticipate the details required to actually run and scale a new venture. Drawing on my experience at renowned startups like Akamai Technologies, VMware, and DigitalOcean and the hundreds of founders and... View Details
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      Austin, Julia. After the Idea: What It Really takes to Create and Scale a Startup. Basic Venture, 2025.
      • May 2025
      • Case

      stc Group: DARE to Transform

      By: Sunil Gupta and Sadika El Hariri
      Established as a government-owned entity in 1998, stc Group was the sole telecommunications operator in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Soon after it was privatized in 2003, regional players started entering the Saudi market. To deal with the competition and to... View Details
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      Gupta, Sunil, and Sadika El Hariri. "stc Group: DARE to Transform." Harvard Business School Case 525-013, May 2025.
      • May 2025
      • Background Note

      Social Enterprise in Latin America

      By: Brian L. Trelstad and Karina Souza
      This research note provides an overview of the social enterprise ecosystem in Latin America, exploring current dynamics across key markets, including country-specific insights on Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, and Central America. In a region characterized... View Details
      Keywords: Latin America; Brazil; Mexico; Argentina; Colombia; Chile; Impact Investing; Developing Countries and Economies; Social Entrepreneurship; Emerging Markets; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Ownership; Social Enterprise; Business Strategy; Equality and Inequality; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; Information Technology Industry; Latin America; Brazil; Mexico; Argentina; Colombia; Chile; Guatemala; Central America
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      Trelstad, Brian L., and Karina Souza. "Social Enterprise in Latin America." Harvard Business School Background Note 325-117, May 2025.
      • May 2025
      • Case

      Community First! Village: Scaling Goodness?

      By: Jan Rivkin and Coelin P. Scibetta
      The nonprofit organization Mobile Loaves & Fishes has devised an innovative way to address chronic homelessness: their Community First! Village provides tiny homes, recreational vehicles, and facilities that bring community, housing, support, and work opportunities to... View Details
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      Rivkin, Jan, and Coelin P. Scibetta. "Community First! Village: Scaling Goodness?" Harvard Business School Case 725-443, May 2025.
      • May 2025
      • Case

      The Micro-Family Office: Aamir Rehman

      By: Lauren Cohen and Sophia Pan
      With a successful career and strong academic credentials, Aamir Rehman sought to design a life grounded in autonomy. For him, this meant serving on boards, continuing his professorship, and ensuring a secure and comfortable life for his family. While he didn’t possess... View Details
      Keywords: Family Office; Organization Design; Family And Friends; Family; Balance; Stability; Trends And Opportunities; Wealth Management; Family Business; Investment; Financial Strategy; Personal Finance; Investment Portfolio; Private Equity; Organizational Design; Family and Family Relationships; Happiness; Satisfaction; Balance and Stability; Human Capital; Compensation and Benefits; Economy; Trends; Business Model; New Jersey; United States
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      Cohen, Lauren, and Sophia Pan. "The Micro-Family Office: Aamir Rehman." Harvard Business School Case 225-089, May 2025.
      • May 2025
      • Article

      Transaction Cost Economics in the Digital Economy: A Research Agenda

      By: Frank Nagle, Robert Seamans and Steve Tadelis
      Transaction cost economics theory explains when it is more efficient for a transaction between two parties to occur across the market or within an organization. How does transaction cost economics apply in the digital economy, which relies on digital transactions? In... View Details
      Keywords: Transaction Cost Economics; Digital Economy; Economics; Cost; Markets; Research; Digital Transformation
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      Nagle, Frank, Robert Seamans, and Steve Tadelis. "Transaction Cost Economics in the Digital Economy: A Research Agenda." Strategic Organization 23, no. 2 (May 2025): 351–365.
      • May 2025
      • Case

      Windsurf and the AI Code Assistant Market

      By: Suraj Srinivasan, Sudhanshu Nath Mishra and Radhika Kak
      In April 2025, the founding team of Windsurf, an AI start-up specializing in code generation gathered in Mountain View, California, to assess its remarkable year of growth. The company had scaled from a niche GitHub Copilot alternative to a breakout player with over... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Venture Capital; Innovation Leadership; Technological Innovation; Technology Industry; United States
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, Sudhanshu Nath Mishra, and Radhika Kak. "Windsurf and the AI Code Assistant Market." Harvard Business School Case 125-111, May 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Teaching Note

      Allbirds: Decarbonizing Fashion (A) and (B)

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Ken Pucker and Stacy Straaberg
      Teaching Note for HBS Case Nos. 622-024, 625-004, 625-005, and 625-702. The Allbirds: Decarbonizing Fashion (A) case introduces Allbirds as a footwear startup not only focused on simple design, comfort, and sustainable natural materials but on decarbonizing the wider... View Details
      Keywords: Decarbonization; Climate Impact; Environmental Strategy; Innovation; Product Design; Supply Chain Management; Innovation Strategy; Innovation and Management; Product Development; Climate Change; Environmental Management; Environmental Sustainability; Business Startups; Initial Public Offering; Knowledge Sharing; Competitive Advantage; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Fashion Industry; United States; California
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      Toffel, Michael W., Ken Pucker, and Stacy Straaberg. "Allbirds: Decarbonizing Fashion (A) and (B)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 625-006, April 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Supplement

      Allbirds: Decarbonizing Fashion PowerPoint Supplement

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Ken Pucker and Stacy Straaberg
      The Allbirds: Decarbonizing Fashion (A) case introduces Allbirds as a footwear startup not only focused on simple design, comfort, and sustainable natural materials but on decarbonizing the wider fashion industry. Background material highlights the growing... View Details
      Keywords: Decarbonization; Climate Impact; Environmental Strategy; Innovation; Product Design; Supply Chain Management; Innovation Strategy; Innovation and Management; Product Development; Climate Change; Environmental Management; Environmental Sustainability; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Fashion Industry; United States; California
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      Toffel, Michael W., Ken Pucker, and Stacy Straaberg. "Allbirds: Decarbonizing Fashion PowerPoint Supplement." Harvard Business School PowerPoint Supplement 625-005.
      • April 2025
      • Teaching Note

      Tabby: Winning Customers' Digital Wallets

      By: Eva Ascarza
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 524-056. Tabby, a Saudi-based fintech founded in 2019, rapidly became one of the MENA region’s first unicorns by offering buy-now-pay-later (BNPL) services with a unique twist: instead of charging end consumers, it partnered with... View Details
      Keywords: Fintech; Business Startups; Marketing; Entrepreneurship; Growth and Development Strategy; Business Strategy; Business Model; Competitive Strategy; Financial Services Industry; Middle East; Saudi Arabia; United Arab Emirates
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      Ascarza, Eva. "Tabby: Winning Customers' Digital Wallets." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 525-057, April 2025.
      • 2025
      • Report

      High Stakes: A Framework for Geopolitical Risk Management

      By: Meg Rithmire and David Fagan
      This report provides a data-based assessment of how U.S. companies perceive geopolitical risk and articulates a recommended decision-making process and framework to manage such risk. The research reflected in the report indicates that various concerns related to China... View Details
      Keywords: Globalization; International Relations; Business or Company Management; Risk Management
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      Rithmire, Meg, and David Fagan. "High Stakes: A Framework for Geopolitical Risk Management." Report, U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation, Washington, DC, USA, 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      The Political Economy of Firm Networks: CEO Ideology and Global Trade

      By: Elisabeth Kempf, Mancy Luo and Margarita Tsoutsoura
      We examine how the political ideology of corporate leaders shapes cross-border firm networks. Exploiting changes in ideological alignment between U.S. firm CEOs and foreign governments around close foreign elections, we show that U.S. firms are more likely to... View Details
      Keywords: Global Trade; Firm Networks; Political Ideology; Elections; Political Economy; Political Elections; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Trade
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      Kempf, Elisabeth, Mancy Luo, and Margarita Tsoutsoura. "The Political Economy of Firm Networks: CEO Ideology and Global Trade." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-050, April 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Case

      Breezm: Innovative 3D-Printed Eyewear (A)

      By: Juan Alcácer, Brian Mao Fu and Adina Wong
      In 2023, Breezm, a South Korean startup, faced a strategic decision about how to grow its innovative 3D-printed, custom-fit eyewear business. Co-founded in 2017 by Zenma Park and Wooseok Sung, Breezm combined facial scanning, AI, and in-house production to solve the... View Details
      Keywords: 3D Printing; Eyeyewear; Growth; Business Startups; AI and Machine Learning; Technological Innovation; Growth and Development Strategy; Risk and Uncertainty; Expansion; South Korea
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      Alcácer, Juan, Brian Mao Fu, and Adina Wong. "Breezm: Innovative 3D-Printed Eyewear (A)." Harvard Business School Case 725-376, April 2025.
      • 2025
      • White Paper

      Governors Reshaping Workforce Development: Turning WIOA Challenges into Workforce Solutions

      By: Joseph B. Fuller, Kerry McKittrick, Nathalie Gazzaneo, Ariel Higuchi, Justine Gluck, Zoe Butler, Jack Porter and Malena Dailey
      The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) grants Governors significant authority to shape their state workforce systems. Yet, little research explores how they use those powers to strengthen their economies and expand access to employment and training.... View Details
      Keywords: Government Administration; Policy; Training; Employment
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      Fuller, Joseph B., Kerry McKittrick, Nathalie Gazzaneo, Ariel Higuchi, Justine Gluck, Zoe Butler, Jack Porter, and Malena Dailey. "Governors Reshaping Workforce Development: Turning WIOA Challenges into Workforce Solutions." White Paper, Project on Workforce at Harvard, April 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Article

      Serving with a Smile on Airbnb: Analyzing the Economic Returns and Behavioral Underpinnings of the Host’s Smile

      By: Shunyuan Zhang, Elizabeth Friedman, Kannan Srinivasan, Ravi Dhar and Xupin Zhang
      Non-informational cues, such as facial expressions, can significantly influence judgments and interpersonal impressions. While past research has explored how smiling affects business outcomes in offline or in-store contexts, relatively less is known about how smiling... View Details
      Keywords: Sharing Economy; Airbnb; Image Feature Extraction; Machine Learning; Facial Expressions; Prejudice and Bias; Nonverbal Communication; E-commerce; Consumer Behavior; Perception
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      Zhang, Shunyuan, Elizabeth Friedman, Kannan Srinivasan, Ravi Dhar, and Xupin Zhang. "Serving with a Smile on Airbnb: Analyzing the Economic Returns and Behavioral Underpinnings of the Host’s Smile." Journal of Consumer Research 51, no. 6 (April 2025): 1073–1097.
      • April 2025
      • Article

      Skill Dependencies Uncover Nested Human Capital

      By: Moh Hosseinioun, Frank Neffke, Letian Zhang and Hyejin Youn
      Modern economies require increasingly diverse and specialized skills, many of which depend on the acquisition of other skills first. Here we analyse US survey data to reveal a nested structure within skill portfolios, where the direction of dependency is inferred... View Details
      Keywords: Competency and Skills; Human Capital; Personal Development and Career; Equality and Inequality; Analytics and Data Science
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      Hosseinioun, Moh, Frank Neffke, Letian Zhang, and Hyejin Youn. "Skill Dependencies Uncover Nested Human Capital." Nature Human Behaviour 9, no. 4 (April 2025): 673–687.
      • 2025
      • Book

      The Experimentation Machine: Finding Product–Market Fit in the Age of AI

      By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang
      Leverage AI to be a 10x Founder

      Today’s most successful founders know that the startups that learn the fastest will win. In The Experimentation Machine, I reveal how AI is transforming the way startups find product-market fit and scale.... View Details
      Keywords: AI; Founder; Startup; AI and Machine Learning; Technology Adoption; Business Startups; Entrepreneurship; Market Entry and Exit
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      Bussgang, Jeffrey J. The Experimentation Machine: Finding Product–Market Fit in the Age of AI. Damn Gravity Media, 2025.
      • March 2025
      • Case

      Boom, Bust, or Bullseye? Navigating the Short-Term Rental Market

      By: John Macomber, Juan Pablo Heusser Killing, Siddhant Pardeshi and Sally Su
      Short-term rentals listed via apps like AirBnB and VRBO are increaslingly interesting investments for small scale real estate investors. However, they have substantial operating costs, vacancy risk, and regulatory exposure compared to traditional long term leases... View Details
      Keywords: Housing; Real Estate Industry
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      Macomber, John, Juan Pablo Heusser Killing, Siddhant Pardeshi, and Sally Su. "Boom, Bust, or Bullseye? Navigating the Short-Term Rental Market." Harvard Business School Case 225-013, March 2025.
      • March 27, 2025
      • Article

      How One Company Used AI to Broaden Its Customer Base

      By: Sunil Gupta and Frank V. Cespedes
      The software company SAP successfully leveraged AI tools to begin selling to the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) market, which had previously been uneconomical for its in-person sales approach. By mapping the customer journey and deploying over 40 AI tools, SAP... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Sales; Business Strategy; Market Entry and Exit
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      Gupta, Sunil, and Frank V. Cespedes. "How One Company Used AI to Broaden Its Customer Base." Harvard Business Review (website) (March 27, 2025).
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      The Cybernetic Teammate: A Field Experiment on Generative AI Reshaping Teamwork and Expertise

      By: Fabrizio Dell'Acqua, Charles Ayoubi, Hila Lifshitz, Raffaella Sadun, Ethan Mollick, Lilach Mollick, Yi Han, Jeff Goldman, Hari Nair, Stew Taub and Karim R. Lakhani
      We examine how artificial intelligence transforms the core pillars of collaboration— performance, expertise sharing, and social engagement—through a pre-registered field experiment with 776 professionals at Procter & Gamble, a global consumer packaged goods company.... View Details
      Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Teamwork; Human-machine Interaction; Productivity; Skills; Innovation; Field Experiment; AI and Machine Learning; Groups and Teams; Competency and Skills; Performance Productivity; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Product Development
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      Dell'Acqua, Fabrizio, Charles Ayoubi, Hila Lifshitz, Raffaella Sadun, Ethan Mollick, Lilach Mollick, Yi Han, Jeff Goldman, Hari Nair, Stew Taub, and Karim R. Lakhani. "The Cybernetic Teammate: A Field Experiment on Generative AI Reshaping Teamwork and Expertise." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-043, March 2025.
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