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- 2022
- Working Paper
Scapegoating and Discrimination in Times of Crisis: Evidence from Airbnb
By: Michael Luca, Elizaveta Pronkina and Michelangelo Rossi
We present evidence that discrimination against Asian-American Airbnb users sharply increased
at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a DiD approach, we find that hosts
with distinctively Asian names experienced a 12 percent decline in guests relative to...
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Keywords:
Discrimination;
Behavioral Economics;
Market Design;
Health Pandemics;
Prejudice and Bias;
Digital Platforms;
Design
Luca, Michael, Elizaveta Pronkina, and Michelangelo Rossi. "Scapegoating and Discrimination in Times of Crisis: Evidence from Airbnb." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-012, August 2022.
- 2022
- Working Paper
The Impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act on the U.S. Economy
By: Joe Long, Carlo Medici, Nancy Qian and Marco Tabellini
This paper studies the impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act, which banned Chinese immigration to the United States after 1882, across U.S. counties between 1870 and 1940. We find that the Act reduced labor supply for both the Chinese and other groups (i.e., white and...
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Keywords:
Immigration;
Growth;
Productivity;
Business History;
Economic Slowdown and Stagnation;
Business and Government Relations;
Prejudice and Bias;
Government Legislation;
United States
Long, Joe, Carlo Medici, Nancy Qian, and Marco Tabellini. "The Impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act on the U.S. Economy." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-008, March 2022.
- July 28, 2022
- Article
How to Build a Life: How to Be Happy in a Recession
By: Arthur C. Brooks
Brooks, Arthur C. "How to Build a Life: How to Be Happy in a Recession." The Atlantic (July 28, 2022).
- July 2022
- Article
The Developmental Origins and Behavioral Consequences of Attributions for Inequality
By: Antonya Marie Gonzalez, Lucia Macchia and Ashley V. Whillans
Attributions, or lay explanations for inequality, have been linked to inequality-relevant behavior. In adults and children, attributing inequality to an individual rather than contextual or structural causes is linked to greater support for economic inequality and less...
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Keywords:
Social Cognition;
Inequality;
Prosocial Behavior;
Parent-child Transmission;
Equality and Inequality;
Cognition and Thinking;
Attitudes;
Behavior
Gonzalez, Antonya Marie, Lucia Macchia, and Ashley V. Whillans. "The Developmental Origins and Behavioral Consequences of Attributions for Inequality." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 101 (July 2022).
- 2022
- Article
How to Choose a Default
By: John Beshears, Richard T. Mason and Shlomo Benartzi
We have developed a model for setting a default when a population is choosing among ordered choices—that is, ones listed in ascending or descending order. A company, for instance, might want to set a default contribution rate that will increase employees’ average...
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Keywords:
Nudge;
Choice Architecture;
Behavioral Economics;
Behavioral Science;
Default;
Savings;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Behavior;
Motivation and Incentives
Beshears, John, Richard T. Mason, and Shlomo Benartzi. "How to Choose a Default." Behavioral Science & Policy 8, no. 1 (2022): 1–15.
- 2022
- Working Paper
Measuring the Tolerance of the State: Theory and Application to Protest
By: Veli Andirin, Yusuf Neggers, Mehdi Shadmehr and Jesse M. Shapiro
We develop a measure of a regime's tolerance for an action by its citizens. We ground our measure in an economic model and apply it to the setting of political protest. In the model, a regime anticipating a protest can take a costly action to repress it. We define the...
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Keywords:
Political Protests;
Modeling And Analysis;
Government and Politics;
Conflict and Resolution
Andirin, Veli, Yusuf Neggers, Mehdi Shadmehr, and Jesse M. Shapiro. "Measuring the Tolerance of the State: Theory and Application to Protest." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30167, June 2022.
- 2022
- Working Paper
The Impact of Minority Representation at Mortgage Lenders
By: W. Scott Frame, Ruidi Huang, Erik J. Mayer and Adi Sunderam
We study links between the labor market for loan officers and access to mortgage credit. Using novel data matching the (near) universe of mortgage applications to loan officers, we find that minorities are significantly underrepresented among loan officers. Minority...
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Keywords:
Household Finance;
Demographic Economics;
Financial Institutions;
Diversity;
Prejudice and Bias;
Mortgages;
Banking Industry
Frame, W. Scott, Ruidi Huang, Erik J. Mayer, and Adi Sunderam. "The Impact of Minority Representation at Mortgage Lenders." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30125, June 2022.
- May 2022
- Article
Policy Stringency and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Analysis of Data from 15 Countries
By: Lara B. Aknin, Bernardo Andretti, Rafael Goldszmidt, John F. Helliwell, Anna Petherick, Jan-Emmanuel De Neve, Elizabeth W. Dunn, Daisy Fancourt, Elkhonon Goldberg, Sarah P. Jones, Ozge Karadag, Elie Karam, Richard Layard, Shekhar Saxena, Emily Thornton, Ashley Whillans and Jamil Zaki
To date, public health policies implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic have been evaluated on the basis of their ability to reduce transmission and minimise economic harm. We aimed to assess the association between COVID-19 policy restrictions and mental health...
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Keywords:
Public Health;
COVID-19;
Mental Health;
Policy;
Health Pandemics;
Government Administration;
Well-being
Aknin, Lara B., Bernardo Andretti, Rafael Goldszmidt, John F. Helliwell, Anna Petherick, Jan-Emmanuel De Neve, Elizabeth W. Dunn, Daisy Fancourt, Elkhonon Goldberg, Sarah P. Jones, Ozge Karadag, Elie Karam, Richard Layard, Shekhar Saxena, Emily Thornton, Ashley Whillans, and Jamil Zaki. "Policy Stringency and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Analysis of Data from 15 Countries." Lancet Public Health 7, no. 5 (May 2022): e417–e426.
- April 27, 2022
- Article
Inequality in Researchers' Minds: Four Guiding Questions for Studying Subjective Perceptions of Economic Inequality
By: Jon M. Jachimowicz, Shai Davidai, Daniela Goya-Tocchetto, Barnabas Szaszi, Martin Day, Stephanie Tepper, L. Taylor Phillips, M. Usman Mirza, Nailya Ordabayeva and Oliver P. Hauser
Subjective perceptions of inequality can substantially influence policy attitudes, public health metrics, and societal well-being, but the lack of consensus in the scientific community on how to best operationalize and measure these perceptions may impede progress on...
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Jachimowicz, Jon M., Shai Davidai, Daniela Goya-Tocchetto, Barnabas Szaszi, Martin Day, Stephanie Tepper, L. Taylor Phillips, M. Usman Mirza, Nailya Ordabayeva, and Oliver P. Hauser. "Inequality in Researchers' Minds: Four Guiding Questions for Studying Subjective Perceptions of Economic Inequality." Journal of Economic Surveys (April 27, 2022).
- 2022
- Working Paper
Can Evidence-Based Information Shift Preferences Towards Trade Policy?
By: Laura Alfaro, Maggie X. Chen and Davin Chor
We investigate the role of evidence-based information in shaping individuals' preferences for trade policies through a series of survey experiments that contain randomized information treatments. Each information treatment provides a concise statement of...
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Alfaro, Laura, Maggie X. Chen, and Davin Chor. "Can Evidence-Based Information Shift Preferences Towards Trade Policy?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-062, March 2022.
- March 2022
- Supplement
Natura: Weathering the Pandemic at Brazil´s Cosmetic Giant (B)
By: Brian Trelstad, Pedro Levindo and Carla Larangeira
Brazil's Natura, a multi-brand cosmetics group, has taken several measures to safeguard the livelihoods of its thousands of employees and millions of sales representatives during the COVID-19 health and economic crisis. The company has also made strides in its efforts...
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Keywords:
COVID-19 Pandemic;
Acquisition;
Customer Focus and Relationships;
Decision Making;
Social Entrepreneurship;
Environmental Management;
Climate Change;
Environmental Sustainability;
Ethics;
Moral Sensibility;
Values and Beliefs;
Global Strategy;
Corporate Governance;
Health Pandemics;
Human Resources;
Human Capital;
Crisis Management;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Marketing;
Distribution Channels;
Supply Chain;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Mission and Purpose;
Organizational Culture;
Customer Ownership;
Relationships;
Business and Community Relations;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Networks;
Partners and Partnerships;
Science-Based Business;
Reputation;
Human Needs;
Social Issues;
Strategy;
Equality and Inequality;
Employee Relationship Management;
Beauty and Cosmetics Industry;
Brazil;
Latin America
- March 2022
- Case
Natura: Weathering the Pandemic at Brazil's Cosmetic Giant
By: Brian Trelstad, Pedro Levindo and Carla Larangeira
Brazil's Natura, a purpose-driven, multi-brand cosmetics group, closed the acquisition of iconic rival Avon just before the COVID-19 pandemic hit. The deal more than doubled Natura's revenues to over $7 billion and cemented its position as Latin America's biggest...
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Keywords:
COVID-19 Pandemic;
ESG Reporting;
Acquisition;
Customer Focus and Relationships;
Decision Making;
Social Entrepreneurship;
Environmental Sustainability;
Environmental Management;
Climate Change;
Ethics;
Moral Sensibility;
Values and Beliefs;
Global Strategy;
Corporate Governance;
Health Pandemics;
Human Resources;
Human Capital;
Crisis Management;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Marketing;
Distribution Channels;
Supply Chain;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Mission and Purpose;
Organizational Culture;
Customer Ownership;
Relationships;
Business and Community Relations;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Networks;
Partners and Partnerships;
Science-Based Business;
Reputation;
Human Needs;
Social Issues;
Strategy;
Equality and Inequality;
Beauty and Cosmetics Industry;
Brazil;
Latin America
- March 2022
- Module Note
A Behavioral Science Perspective on Motivation and Incentives
By: John Beshears and Ashley Whillans
This module note for instructors describes a module that integrates insights from the behavioral science of motivation into the economic analysis of incentive systems.
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Keywords:
Motivation;
Incentives;
Behavioral Science;
Behavioral Economics;
Motivation and Incentives;
Economics;
Analysis;
Human Resources
Beshears, John, and Ashley Whillans. "A Behavioral Science Perspective on Motivation and Incentives." Harvard Business School Module Note 922-033, March 2022.
- 2022
- Article
Alleviating Time Poverty Among the Working Poor: A Pre-Registered Longitudinal Field Experiment
By: A.V. Whillans and Colin West
Poverty entails more than a scarcity of material resources—it also involves a shortage of time. To examine the causal benefits of reducing time poverty, we conducted a longitudinal feld experiment over six consecutive weeks in an urban slum in Kenya with a sample of...
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Keywords:
Time;
Subjective Well Being;
Administrative Costs;
Friction;
Poverty;
Well-being;
Money;
Perception;
Kenya
Whillans, A.V., and Colin West. "Alleviating Time Poverty Among the Working Poor: A Pre-Registered Longitudinal Field Experiment." Art. 719. Scientific Reports 12 (2022).
- 2021
- Working Paper
Scared Straight? Threat and Assimilation of Refugees in Germany
By: Philipp Jaschke, Sulin Sardoschau and Marco Tabellini
This paper studies the effects of threat on convergence to local culture and economic assimilation of refugees, exploiting plausibly exogenous variation in their allocation across German regions between 2013 and 2016. We combine novel survey data on cultural...
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Jaschke, Philipp, Sulin Sardoschau, and Marco Tabellini. "Scared Straight? Threat and Assimilation of Refugees in Germany." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-043, December 2021.
- 2021
- Article
Psychological Pathways Linking Income Inequality in Adolescence to Well-being in Adulthood
By: Lora E. Park, Han Young Jung, Kristen Schultz Lee, Deborah E. Ward, Paul K. Piff, Ashley Whillans and Kristin Naragon-Gainey
Does exposure to income inequality in adolescence relate to well-being in adulthood? In Studies 1 and 2 ( N = 888), individuals who grew up in U.S. counties with higher income inequality expected greater benefits of financial success as adults, were more likely to base...
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Keywords:
Financial Contingency Of Self-worth;
Life Satisfaction;
Social Comparison;
Income;
Equality and Inequality;
Happiness;
Satisfaction;
Well-being
Park, Lora E., Han Young Jung, Kristen Schultz Lee, Deborah E. Ward, Paul K. Piff, Ashley Whillans, and Kristin Naragon-Gainey. "Psychological Pathways Linking Income Inequality in Adolescence to Well-being in Adulthood." Self and Identity 20, no. 8 (2021): 982–1014.
- 2021
- Working Paper
Alleviating Time Poverty among the Working Poor
By: Ashley Whillans and Colin West
Poverty entails more than a scarcity of material resources—it also involves a shortage of time. To examine the causal benefits of reducing time poverty, we conducted a longitudinal field experiment over six consecutive weeks in an urban slum in Kenya with a sample of...
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Keywords:
Time-saving Services;
Subjective Well-being;
Time Use;
Cash Transfers;
Poverty;
Time Management;
Well-being
Whillans, Ashley, and Colin West. "Alleviating Time Poverty among the Working Poor." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-032, November 2021.
- November 5, 2021
- Article
Leaders: Stop Confusing Correlation with Causation
By: Michael Luca
We’ve all been told that correlation does not imply causation. Yet many business leaders, elected officials, and media outlets still make causal claims based on misleading correlations. These claims are too often unscrutinized, amplified, and mistakenly used to guide...
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Keywords:
Behavioral Economics;
Data Analysis;
Organizations;
Decision Making;
Analytics and Data Science;
Analysis;
Learning
Luca, Michael. "Leaders: Stop Confusing Correlation with Causation." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (November 5, 2021).
- 2021
- Working Paper
Cognitive Uncertainty in Intertemporal Choice
By: Benjamin Enke and Thomas Graeber
This paper studies the relevance of cognitive uncertainty – subjective uncertainty over one's utility-maximizing action – for understanding and predicting intertemporal choice. The main idea is that when people are cognitively noisy, such as when a decision is complex,...
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Keywords:
Cognitive Uncertainty;
Intertemporal Choice;
Cognition and Thinking;
Complexity;
Decision Choices and Conditions
Enke, Benjamin, and Thomas Graeber. "Cognitive Uncertainty in Intertemporal Choice." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 19577, December 2021. (R&R at The Quarterly Journal of Economics.)
- 2021
- Article
Don't Get It or Don't Spread It: Comparing Self-interested versus Prosocial Motivations for COVID-19 Prevention Behaviors
By: Jillian J. Jordan, Erez Yoeli and David Rand
COVID-19 prevention behaviors may be seen as self-interested or prosocial. Using American samples from MTurk and Prolific (total n = 6,850), we investigated which framing is more effective—and motivation is stronger—for fostering prevention behavior intentions. We...
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Keywords:
COVID-19;
Prevention;
Prosocial Motivation;
Health Pandemics;
Behavior;
Motivation and Incentives
Jordan, Jillian J., Erez Yoeli, and David Rand. "Don't Get It or Don't Spread It: Comparing Self-interested versus Prosocial Motivations for COVID-19 Prevention Behaviors." Art. 20222. Scientific Reports 11 (2021).