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    • All HBS Web  (1,139)
      • Faculty Publications  (136)

      Economic Integration Remove Economic Integration →

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      • February 2023
      • Case

      Graphic Packaging: Project Cowboy (A)

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and E. Scott Mayfield
      In July 2019, Graphic Packaging CEO Michael Doss was proposing a $600 million investment in a new machine to produce coated recycled board (CRB), a type of paper packaging used for consumer products (cups, cereal boxes, beverage boxes, etc.) that utilized recycled...  View Details
      Keywords: Capital Budgeting; Growth Management; Demand and Consumers; Duopoly and Oligopoly; Competitive Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Expansion; Value Creation; Supply and Industry; Pulp and Paper Industry; Manufacturing Industry; United States; North America
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and E. Scott Mayfield. "Graphic Packaging: Project Cowboy (A)." Harvard Business School Case 223-009, February 2023.
      • February 2023
      • Supplement

      Graphic Packaging: Project Cowboy (A) Courseware

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and Scott Mayfield
      In July 2019, Graphic Packaging CEO Michael Doss was proposing a $600 million investment in a new machine to produce coated recycled board (CRB), a type of paper packaging used for consumer products (cups, cereal boxes, beverage boxes, etc.) that utilized recycled...  View Details
      Keywords: Capital Budgeting; Growth Management; Demand and Consumers; Duopoly and Oligopoly; Competitive Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Expansion; Value Creation; Supply and Industry; Pulp and Paper Industry; Manufacturing Industry; United States; North America
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and Scott Mayfield. "Graphic Packaging: Project Cowboy (A) Courseware." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 223-709, February 2023.
      • 2022
      • Book

      Private Equity

      By: Paul A. Gompers and Steven N. Kaplan
      This Advanced Introduction provides an illustrative guide to private equity, integrating insights from academic research with examples to derive practical recommendations. Paul Gompers and Steven Kaplan begin by reviewing the history of private equity then exploring...  View Details
      Keywords: Private Equity; Investment Funds; Value Creation
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      Gompers, Paul A., and Steven N. Kaplan. Private Equity. Elgar Advanced Introductions. London: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2022.
      • March 2022
      • Module Note

      A Behavioral Science Perspective on Motivation and Incentives

      By: John Beshears and Ashley Whillans
      This module note for instructors describes a module that integrates insights from the behavioral science of motivation into the economic analysis of incentive systems.  View Details
      Keywords: Motivation; Incentives; Behavioral Science; Behavioral Economics; Motivation and Incentives; Economics; Analysis; Human Resources
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      Beshears, John, and Ashley Whillans. "A Behavioral Science Perspective on Motivation and Incentives." Harvard Business School Module Note 922-033, March 2022.
      • January 2022 (Revised March 2022)
      • Technical Note

      Deglobalization and Alternative Futures

      By: Geoffrey Jones and Valeria Giacomin
      This note reviews the evidence that the world is undergoing an era of de-globalization. It shows that available metrics show some support for this theory. However there is also evidence that what is happening might be better described as regionalization. The nature of...  View Details
      Keywords: Global Business; Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, And Changes; Populism; Geopolitics; Business History; Globalization; Change; Financial Crisis; China
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      Jones, Geoffrey, and Valeria Giacomin. "Deglobalization and Alternative Futures." Harvard Business School Technical Note 322-088, January 2022. (Revised March 2022.)
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Scared Straight? Threat and Assimilation of Refugees in Germany

      By: Philipp Jaschke, Sulin Sardoschau and Marco Tabellini
      This paper studies the effects of local threat on cultural and economic assimilation of refugees, exploiting plausibly exogenous variation in their allocation across German regions between 2013 and 2016. We combine novel survey data on cultural preferences and economic...  View Details
      Keywords: Assimilation; Threat Hypothesis; Migration; Cultural Change; Refugees; Culture; Identity; Germany
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      Jaschke, Philipp, Sulin Sardoschau, and Marco Tabellini. "Scared Straight? Threat and Assimilation of Refugees in Germany." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-043, December 2021. (Revised January 2023. Also available from NBER.)
      • 2021
      • Chapter

      The Economic and Political Effects of Immigration: Evidence from the Age of Mass Migration

      By: Marco Tabellini
      Between 1850 and 1920, during the Age of Mass Migration, more than 30 million Europeans moved to the United States. European immigrants provided ample supply of cheap labor as well as specific skills and know-how, contributing to American economic growth. These...  View Details
      Keywords: Age Of Mass Migration; Political Ideology; Political Economy; Assimilation; Immigration; Economics; History; United States
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      Tabellini, Marco. "The Economic and Political Effects of Immigration: Evidence from the Age of Mass Migration." In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance, edited by Jonathan H. Hamilton. Oxford University Press, 2021. Electronic.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Long-Run Returns to Impact Investing in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies

      By: Shawn Cole, Martin Melecky, Florian Mölders and Tristan Reed
      There is growing interest in impact investing, the idea of deploying capital to obtain both financial and social or environmental returns. Examination of every equity investment made by the International Finance Corporation, one of the largest and longest-operating...  View Details
      Keywords: Impact Investing; Investment; Emerging Markets; Developing Countries and Economies; Investment Return
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      Cole, Shawn, Martin Melecky, Florian Mölders, and Tristan Reed. "Long-Run Returns to Impact Investing in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 27870, September 2020. (Revised June 2021. Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-138, June 2021)
      • February 2020
      • Case

      Seso Global: Building a Blockchain-enabled Property Marketplace in Nigeria

      By: Boris Vallee and Yang (Dolly) Yu
      The mutual aspiration of addressing the housing shortage and improving real estate market efficiency led Daniel and Phillip to co-found Seso Global in 2017. Seso Global developed a unique integrated platform to streamline and rationalize the process of acquiring and...  View Details
      Keywords: Fintech; Blockchain; Developing Markets; Entrepreneurial Management; Financing and Loans; Internet and the Web; Business Model; Property; Growth and Development Strategy; Developing Countries and Economies; Real Estate Industry; Africa; Nigeria
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      Vallee, Boris, and Yang (Dolly) Yu. "Seso Global: Building a Blockchain-enabled Property Marketplace in Nigeria." Harvard Business School Case 220-055, February 2020.
      • February 2020 (Revised January 2022)
      • Case

      Getting Brexit Done

      By: Alberto Cavallo
      In the early hours of Friday, December 13, 2019, a triumphant Boris Johnson, the UK Prime Minister, stood in front of his supporters and declared, “We did it – we pulled it off, didn’t we? We broke the deadlock, [. . .] we smashed the roadblock. [. . .] This election...  View Details
      Keywords: Economic Integration; Brexit; Economics; Trade; Political Elections; Government Administration; Policy; Negotiation; Globalized Economies and Regions; Problems and Challenges; European Union; Europe
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      Cavallo, Alberto. "Getting Brexit Done." Harvard Business School Case 720-023, February 2020. (Revised January 2022.)
      • October 2019 (Revised July 2020)
      • Case

      Serbia at a Crossroads

      By: Sophus A. Reinert, Federica Gabrieli and Jyotika Banga
      In the fall of 2018, Serbia found itself at a crossroads yet again. Following the Balkan Wars of the 1990s and the collapse of Yugoslavia, the country had embarked on a slow and arduous process of accession to the European Union (EU). This had been further hampered by...  View Details
      Keywords: Geopolitics; EU Accession; Economic Systems; Government and Politics; War; Social Issues; Serbia
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      Reinert, Sophus A., Federica Gabrieli, and Jyotika Banga. "Serbia at a Crossroads." Harvard Business School Case 720-004, October 2019. (Revised July 2020.)
      • September 2019
      • Case

      Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation: Shaping the Vaccine Manufacturing Ecosystem

      By: Willy C. Shih
      Vaccines for children has been a long-standing focus for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and its critical role in public health made its production an important economic and political issue. This case describes the Foundation's investment in a breakthrough vaccine...  View Details
      Keywords: Vaccine; Production; Supply Chain; Product; Biotechnology Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Belgium
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      Shih, Willy C. "Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation: Shaping the Vaccine Manufacturing Ecosystem." Harvard Business School Case 620-021, September 2019.
      • 2019
      • White Paper

      Impact-Weighted Financial Accounts: The Missing Piece for an Impact Economy

      By: George Serafeim, T. Robert Zochowski and Jennifer Downing
      Reimagining capitalism is an imperative. We need to create a more inclusive and sustainable form of capitalism that works for every person and the planet. Massive environmental damage, growing income and wealth disparity, stress, and depression within developed...  View Details
      Keywords: Impact-Weighted Accounts; IWAI; Background; Economic Systems; Economy; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Measurement and Metrics; Financial Statements
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      Serafeim, George, T. Robert Zochowski, and Jennifer Downing. "Impact-Weighted Financial Accounts: The Missing Piece for an Impact Economy." White Paper, Harvard Business School, Boston, MA, September 2019.
      • 2019
      • Book

      The Economic Turn: Recasting Political Economy in Enlightenment Europe

      By: Steven L. Kaplan and Sophus A. Reinert
      The mid-eighteenth century witnessed what might be dubbed an “economic turn” that resolutely changed the trajectory of world history. From the birth of new agricultural practices and the foundation of private societies to the sustained and popular theorization of...  View Details
      Keywords: Economic Systems; Trade; History; Markets; Society; France; Europe
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      Kaplan, Steven L., and Sophus A. Reinert, eds. The Economic Turn: Recasting Political Economy in Enlightenment Europe. London: Anthem Press, 2019.
      • August 2019 (Revised February 2020)
      • Case

      New Hope Liuhe: Building an Integrated Agri-Food Business

      By: Forest L. Reinhardt, Shu Lin, Natalie Kindred and Nancy Hua Dai
      In October 2018, LIU Chang (Angela), chairman of Beijing-based New Hope Liuhe (NHL), was considering the strategy of the firm. With $9 billion in sales and a presence in nearly 20 countries, NHL was China’s largest animal feed producer and a major pork and poultry...  View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Food; Agribusiness; Expansion; Diversification; Growth Management; Consumer Behavior; Change Management; Entrepreneurship; Organizational Structure; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Government and Politics; Animal-Based Agribusiness; Transformation; Volatility; Business Cycles; Goods and Commodities; Supply Chain; Product; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; China; Asia
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      Reinhardt, Forest L., Shu Lin, Natalie Kindred, and Nancy Hua Dai. "New Hope Liuhe: Building an Integrated Agri-Food Business." Harvard Business School Case 720-009, August 2019. (Revised February 2020.)
      • Article

      Handshaking Promotes Deal-Making by Signaling Cooperative Intent

      By: Juliana Schroeder, Jane L. Risen, Francesca Gino and Michael I. Norton
      We examine how a simple handshake—a gesture that often occurs at the outset of social interactions—can influence deal-making. Because handshakes are social rituals, they are imbued with meaning beyond their physical features. We propose that during mixed-motive...  View Details
      Keywords: Handshake; Cooperation; Affiliation; Competition; Negotiation; Nonverbal Communication; Negotiation Participants; Behavior; Communication Intention and Meaning; Negotiation Deal
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      Schroeder, Juliana, Jane L. Risen, Francesca Gino, and Michael I. Norton. "Handshaking Promotes Deal-Making by Signaling Cooperative Intent." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 116, no. 5 (May 2019): 743–768.
      • January 2019 (Revised February 2020)
      • Case

      Should a Pension Fund Try to Change the World? Inside GPIF's Embrace of ESG

      By: Rebecca Henderson, George Serafeim, Josh Lerner and Naoko Jinjo
      In the fall of 2018, Hiro Mizuno, the Chief Investment Officer (CIO) of GPIF, the Japanese Government Pension Fund, was reflecting on his efforts to integrate Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) issues into every aspect of GPIF’s portfolio. His efforts ranged...  View Details
      Keywords: Pension Funds; ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Investment Funds; Environmental Sustainability; Social Issues; Governance; Leading Change; Economy; Performance Improvement; Japan
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      Henderson, Rebecca, George Serafeim, Josh Lerner, and Naoko Jinjo. "Should a Pension Fund Try to Change the World? Inside GPIF's Embrace of ESG." Harvard Business School Case 319-067, January 2019. (Revised February 2020.)
      • November 2018 (Revised April 2019)
      • Case

      Zespri Grows

      By: David E. Bell and Natalie Kindred
      Controlling about a third of global kiwifruit exports by volume and nearly half by value in 2018, Zespri was a grower-owned “corporatized cooperative” with the exclusive right to export New Zealand-grown kiwifruit (except to Australia). Zespri did not grow fruit but...  View Details
      Keywords: Agribusiness; Kiwi; Kiwifruit; Agriculture; Global Supply Chain; Branding; Produce; Coordinated Industry Structure; Industry Coordination; Countercyclical Supply; New Product Development; Product Strategy; Differentiation; Food; Quality; Trade; Brands and Branding; Marketing; Strategy; Global Strategy; Change Management; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Globalization; Globalized Firms and Management; Competitive Strategy; Resource Allocation; Product Development; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; New Zealand
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      Bell, David E., and Natalie Kindred. "Zespri Grows." Harvard Business School Case 519-047, November 2018. (Revised April 2019.)
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 5 Complementarity

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      The purpose of this chapter is to relate the theory of task networks and technology set forth in previous chapters to theories of firm boundaries from economics and management. Complementary goods have more value when used together than separately. Complementarity may...  View Details
      Keywords: Complementarity
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 5 Complementarity." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-036, October 2018.
      • Article

      You Can't Always Get What You Want: The Real Exchange Rate and Manufacturing Performance in a World of Global Value Chains

      By: Laura Alfaro, Alejandro Cuñat, Harald Fadinger and Yanping Liu
      Real exchange rate devaluations are typically seen as a viable development strategy, but the effectiveness of the approach may vary over time and across countries. This column explores this issue by focusing on the microeconomics of firm-level responses to exchange...  View Details
      Keywords: Manufacturing Performance; Real Exchange Rate; Global Value Chains; Economics; Production; Performance
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      Alfaro, Laura, Alejandro Cuñat, Harald Fadinger, and Yanping Liu. "You Can't Always Get What You Want: The Real Exchange Rate and Manufacturing Performance in a World of Global Value Chains." Vox, CEPR Policy Portal (October 2, 2018).
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