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Publications

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      • Faculty Publications  (229)

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      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Differentiating on Diversity: How Disclosing Workforce Diversity Improves Brand Attitudes

      By: Maya Balakrishnan, Jimin Nam and Ryan W. Buell
      Companies are facing increased pressure to “walk the talk” on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in their operations. One specific call-to-action from stakeholders is the public disclosure of EEO-1s. Companies with 100+ employees are federally mandated to annually...  View Details
      Keywords: Consumer Behavior; Corporate Disclosure; Diversity; Employees; Perception
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      Balakrishnan, Maya, Jimin Nam, and Ryan W. Buell. "Differentiating on Diversity: How Disclosing Workforce Diversity Improves Brand Attitudes." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-053, August 2022.
      • March 2023
      • Teaching Note

      Ransomware at Springhill Medical Center

      By: Suraj Srinivasan and Li-Kuan Ni
      In July, 2019, Springhill Medical Center (“SMC”) in Mobile, Alabama fell prey to a malicious ransomware attack that crippled the hospital’s internal network systems and public-facing web page. While the hospital rushed to securely restore the network, medical personnel...  View Details
      Keywords: Disruption; Communication; Communication Strategy; Decision Making; Decision Choices and Conditions; Judgments; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Disclosure; Corporate Governance; Governance Controls; Policy; Employees; News; Cybersecurity; Digital Strategy; Information Infrastructure; Information Management; Internet and the Web; Crisis Management; Business or Company Management; Resource Allocation; Risk Management; Negotiation Tactics; Failure; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Attitudes; Behavior; Perception; Reputation; Trust; Public Opinion; Social Issues; Health Industry; Alabama; United States
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, and Li-Kuan Ni. "Ransomware at Springhill Medical Center." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 123-068, March 2023.
      • February 2023
      • Case

      Ransomware Attack at Springhill Medical Center

      By: Suraj Srinivasan and Li-Kuan (Jason) Ni
      In July, 2019, Springhill Medical Center (“SMC”) in Mobile, Alabama fell prey to a malicious ransomware attack that crippled the hospital’s internal network systems and public-facing web page. While the hospital rushed to securely restore the network, medical personnel...  View Details
      Keywords: Disruption; Communication; Communication Strategy; Decision Making; Decision Choices and Conditions; Judgments; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Disclosure; Corporate Governance; Governance Controls; Policy; Employees; News; Cybersecurity; Digital Strategy; Information Infrastructure; Information Management; Internet and the Web; Crisis Management; Resource Allocation; Risk Management; Negotiation Tactics; Failure; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Attitudes; Behavior; Perception; Reputation; Trust; Public Opinion; Social Issues; Health Industry; United States; Alabama
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, and Li-Kuan (Jason) Ni. "Ransomware Attack at Springhill Medical Center." Harvard Business School Case 123-065, February 2023.
      • December 2022
      • Article

      Fostering Perceptions of Authenticity via Sensitive Self-Disclosure

      By: Li Jiang, Leslie K. John, Reihane Boghrati and Maryam Kouchaki
      Leaders’ perceived authenticity—the sense that leaders are acting in accordance with their “true self”—is associated with positive outcomes for both employees and organizations alike. How might leaders foster this impression? We show that sensitive self-disclosure, in...  View Details
      Keywords: Authenticity; Weaknesses; Self-disclosure; Leaders; Impression Management; Leadership Style; Motivation and Incentives
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      Jiang, Li, Leslie K. John, Reihane Boghrati, and Maryam Kouchaki. "Fostering Perceptions of Authenticity via Sensitive Self-Disclosure." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 28, no. 4 (December 2022): 898–915.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      The Evolution of ESG Reports and the Role of Voluntary Standards

      By: Ethan Rouen, Kunal Sachdeva and Aaron Yoon
      We examine the evolution of ESG reports of S&P 500 firms from 2010 to 2021. The percentage of firms releasing these voluntary disclosures increased from 35% to 86% during this period, although the length of these documents experienced more modest growth. Using a...  View Details
      Keywords: Voluntary Disclosure; Textual Analysis; Modeling And Analysis; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; AI and Machine Learning; Accounting
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      Rouen, Ethan, Kunal Sachdeva, and Aaron Yoon. "The Evolution of ESG Reports and the Role of Voluntary Standards." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-024, October 2022.
      • October 2022
      • Case

      Sustainable Finance at Itau BBA

      By: George Serafeim, Maria Loumioti and Benjamin Maletta
      As of August 2022, the Itau BBA had structured dozens of sustainability linked bonds, which made future interest payments a function of the borrower meeting a target for a sustainability metric, and had solidified its reputation as a pioneer of sustainable finance in...  View Details
      Keywords: Sustainable Finance; Corporate Social Responsibility; Environmental Sustainability; Growth Strategy; Debt Contracting; Performance Metrics; Risk Assessment; ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Financial Instruments; Risk Management; Debt Securities; Measurement and Metrics; Banking Industry; Pulp and Paper Industry; Latin America
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      Serafeim, George, Maria Loumioti, and Benjamin Maletta. "Sustainable Finance at Itau BBA." Harvard Business School Case 123-036, October 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Communicating Corporate Culture in Labor Markets: Evidence from Job Postings

      By: Joseph Pacelli, Tianshuo Shi and Yuan Zou
      A company’s culture represents one of the most important factors that job seekers consider. In this study, we examine how firms craft their job postings to convey their cultures and whether doing so helps attract employees. We utilize state-of-the art machine learning...  View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Culture Significance; Labor Markets; Disclosure; Organizational Culture; Recruitment; Talent and Talent Management
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      Pacelli, Joseph, Tianshuo Shi, and Yuan Zou. "Communicating Corporate Culture in Labor Markets: Evidence from Job Postings." Working Paper, October 2022.
      • October 2022
      • Background Note

      Note on Cyberattacks and Regulatory Regimes

      By: Frank Nagle, George A. Riedel, William R. Kerr and David Lane
      Describes common types of cyberattacks on enterprises and their costs, as well as the fragmentary regulatory regimes through which U.S. states and regulatory agencies at the start of 2021 attempted to encourage disclosure of cyberattacks and to pursue enforcement...  View Details
      Keywords: Regulations; Regulatory Agencies; Cyberattacks; Governance; Corporate Disclosure; Cybersecurity; Information Industry; Information Technology Industry; Health Industry; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Nagle, Frank, George A. Riedel, William R. Kerr, and David Lane. "Note on Cyberattacks and Regulatory Regimes." Harvard Business School Background Note 723-392, October 2022.
      • August 2022
      • Article

      The Bulletproof Glass Effect: Unintended Consequences of Privacy Notices

      By: Aaron R. Brough, David A. Norton, Shannon L. Sciarappa and Leslie K. John
      Drawing from a content analysis of publicly traded companies’ privacy notices, a survey of managers, a field study, and five online experiments, this research investigates how consumers respond to privacy notices. A privacy notice, by placing legally enforceable limits...  View Details
      Keywords: Choice; Purchase Intent; Privacy; Privacy Notices; Warnings; Assurances; Information Disclosure; Trust; Consumer Behavior; Spending; Decisions; Information; Communication
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      Brough, Aaron R., David A. Norton, Shannon L. Sciarappa, and Leslie K. John. "The Bulletproof Glass Effect: Unintended Consequences of Privacy Notices." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 59, no. 4 (August 2022): 739–754.
      • June 29, 2022
      • Other Article

      Strategic Complexity? Using Experiments to Understand and Overcome Obfuscation

      By: Michael Luca, Ginger Zhe Jin and Daniel Martin
      Credit card companies must decide what product features to disclose to consumers, such as payment schedules, penalties, and fees--and also whether to present them clearly or bury them in the fine print. Firms face similar choices in settings ranging from privacy...  View Details
      Keywords: Obfuscation; Credit Cards; Strategic Incentives; Complexity; Agreements and Arrangements; Customers; Consumer Behavior; Financial Services Industry
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      Luca, Michael, Ginger Zhe Jin, and Daniel Martin. "Strategic Complexity? Using Experiments to Understand and Overcome Obfuscation." Management Science Review (June 29, 2022). (Summary of "Complex Disclosure," Management Science, May 2022.)
      • June 2022 (Revised August 2022)
      • Case

      Sustainability Reporting at Dollar Tree, Inc.

      By: Suraj Srinivasan and Li-Kuan Ni
      The cases discusses the ESG strategy of Dollar Tree Inc., a U.S. Fortune 500 company in the deep discount retail industry and the and shareholder pressure faced by the company. In 2022, the company faced a shareholder resolution from a renowned shareholder advocacy...  View Details
      Keywords: ESG; Sustainability; Shareholder Activism; Dollar Tree; Sustainability Reporting; ESG Reporting; Board Of Directors; Shareholder Engagement; GHG; Environmental Accounting; Integrated Corporate Reporting; Trends; Communication; Announcements; Voting; Environmental Management; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Values and Beliefs; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Disclosure; Corporate Governance; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Policy; Reports; Business or Company Management; Risk Management; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Outcome or Result; Strategic Planning; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Situation or Environment; Opportunities; Civil Society or Community; Social Issues; Public Opinion; Strategy; Adaptation; Alignment; Business Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Value Creation; Retail Industry; United States; Virginia
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, and Li-Kuan Ni. "Sustainability Reporting at Dollar Tree, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 122-044, June 2022. (Revised August 2022.)
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      ESG Performance and Voluntary ESG Disclosure: Mind the (Gender Pay) Gap

      By: June Huang and Shirley Lu
      We study if firms with better ESG performance are more likely to provide voluntary ESG disclosure, an assumption embedded in many ESG ratings. We focus on gender diversity and proxy for performance using a firm's gender pay gap ("GPG") disclosed under a UK disclosure...  View Details
      Keywords: Pay Gap; Gender; Wages; Equality and Inequality; Corporate Disclosure; Policy; Diversity
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      Huang, June, and Shirley Lu. "ESG Performance and Voluntary ESG Disclosure: Mind the (Gender Pay) Gap." SSRN Working Paper Series, No. 3708257, May 2022.
      • May 2022
      • Article

      Complex Disclosure

      By: Ginger Zhe Jin, Michael Luca and Daniel Martin
      We present evidence that unnecessarily complex disclosure can result from strategic incentives to shroud information. In our lab experiment, senders are required to report their private information truthfully, but can choose how complex to make their reports. We find...  View Details
      Keywords: Disclosure; Experiments; Naiveté; Overconfidence; Corporate Disclosure; Policy; Information; Complexity; Strategy; Consumer Behavior
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      Jin, Ginger Zhe, Michael Luca, and Daniel Martin. "Complex Disclosure." Management Science 68, no. 5 (May 2022): 3236–3261.
      • Article

      Undisclosed Debt Sustainability

      By: Laura Alfaro and Fabio Kanczuk
      Over the past decade, non-Paris Club creditors, notably China, have become an important source of financing for low- and middle-income countries. In contrast with typical sovereign debt, these lending arrangements are not public, and other creditors have no information...  View Details
      Keywords: Paris Club; Transparency; Sovereign Finance; Borrowing and Debt; International Finance
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Fabio Kanczuk. "Undisclosed Debt Sustainability." AEA Papers and Proceedings 112 (May 2022): 521–525.
      • April 2022 (Revised August 2022)
      • Case

      Conflicts of Interest at Uptown Bank

      By: Jonas Heese
      In 2013, two employees debated whether to blow the whistle on their employer, Bell Bank, after completing an internal review that revealed undisclosed conflicts of interest. Bell Bank’s Asset Management business disproportionately invested clients’ money in Bell Bank’s...  View Details
      Keywords: Whistleblower; Whistleblowing; Mutual Funds; Conflicts Of Interest; Decision Making; Decisions; Judgments; Ethics; Moral Sensibility; Values and Beliefs; Finance; Financial Institutions; Banks and Banking; Financial Management; Investment; Investment Funds; Governance; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Disclosure; Corporate Governance; Governance Compliance; Governance Controls; Policy; Law; Legal Liability; Social Psychology; Motivation and Incentives; Perception; Perspective; Trust; Financial Services Industry; North and Central America; United States
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      Heese, Jonas. "Conflicts of Interest at Uptown Bank." Harvard Business School Case 122-022, April 2022. (Revised August 2022.)
      • February 2022 (Revised November 2022)
      • Case

      Fondeadora

      By: Álvaro Rodríguez Arregui and Mitchell Weiss
      Norman Müller and René Serrano, cofounders of Fondeadora, a Mexican “neobank,” had lined up a $12.5 million in Series A funding round in 2020 only to run into a major obstacle: The lead investor was Gradient Ventures, a venture firm launched by Alphabet, Inc., and...  View Details
      Keywords: Fundraising; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Financial Institutions; Business Startups; Government Legislation; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Financial Strategy; Financial Services Industry; Mexico City; Latin America
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      Rodríguez Arregui, Álvaro, and Mitchell Weiss. "Fondeadora." Harvard Business School Case 822-077, February 2022. (Revised November 2022.)
      • January 2022
      • Article

      Why Is Corporate Virtue in the Eye of the Beholder? The Case of ESG Ratings

      By: Dane Christensen, George Serafeim and Anywhere Sikochi
      Despite the rising use of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings, there is substantial disagreement across rating agencies regarding what rating to give to individual firms. As what drives this disagreement is unclear, we examine whether a firm’s ESG...  View Details
      Keywords: ESG Ratings; Rating Agency Disagreement; ESG Disclosure; Corporate Social Responsibility; Sustainability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Disclosure
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      Christensen, Dane, George Serafeim, and Anywhere Sikochi. "Why Is Corporate Virtue in the Eye of the Beholder? The Case of ESG Ratings." Accounting Review 97, no. 1 (January 2022): 147–175.
      • Article

      Core Earnings: New Data and Evidence

      By: Ethan Rouen, Eric C. So and Charles C.Y. Wang
      Using a novel dataset, we show that components of firms' GAAP earnings stemming from ancillary business activities or transitory shocks are significant in frequency and magnitude. These components have grown over time and are dispersed across various sections of the...  View Details
      Keywords: Core Earnings; Transitory Earnings; Non-operating Earnings; Quantitative Disclosures; Equity Valuation; Big Data; Business Earnings; Financial Reporting; Valuation; Analytics and Data Science
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      Rouen, Ethan, Eric C. So, and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Core Earnings: New Data and Evidence." Journal of Financial Economics 142, no. 3 (December 2021): 1068–1091.
      • Article

      Transparency as a Solution for the Hospital Capacity Problem

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger
      COVID dramatically clarified a shortcoming in our great healthcare system, but like everything in the world, it has its shortcomings. What we see through the apex of COVID is that many hospitals in hotspot areas cannot provide an adequate supply of beds. Although the...  View Details
      Keywords: Hospital Capacity; Health Care and Treatment; Performance Capacity; Planning; Cooperation
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      Herzlinger, Regina E. "Transparency as a Solution for the Hospital Capacity Problem." Ohio State Law Journal 82, no. 5 (December 2021): 787–794.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      ESG: Hyperboles and Reality

      By: George Serafeim
      ESG has rapidly become a household name leading to both confusion about what it means and creating unrealistic expectations about its effects. In this paper, I draw on more than a decade of research to dispel several myths about ESG and provide answers to important...  View Details
      Keywords: ESG; ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; ESG Disclosure; ESG Reporting; ESG Ratings; Sustainability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Performance; Corporate Disclosure; Reports
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      Serafeim, George. "ESG: Hyperboles and Reality." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-031, November 2021.
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