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All HBS Web
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- Faculty Publications (2,181)
- December 1989
- Background Note
Note on How Organizations Can be Structured
By: D. Q. Mills
Describes four basic organizational forms--hierarchy, division, matrix, and cluster. Diagrams of each are included. Their strengths and weaknesses under different business environment conditions are detailed. There is a table comparing the forms on several key...
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Keywords:
Management Practices and Processes;
Organizational Culture;
Organizational Design;
Organizational Structure
Mills, D. Q. "Note on How Organizations Can be Structured." Harvard Business School Background Note 490-040, December 1989.
- December 1989
- Article
On the Consistency of Short-Run and Long-Run Exchange Rate Expectations
By: K. A. Froot and T. Ito
This paper examines whether short-term exchange rate expectations 'overreact' by comparing them with long-term expectations. We develop a set of nonlinear restrictions linking expectations at different forecast horizons. The restrictions impose consistency, a property...
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Keywords:
Currencies;
Exchange Rates;
International Macroeconomics;
Monetary Policy;
Currency Controls;
Fixed Exchange Rates;
Floating Exchange Rates;
Currency Bands;
Currency Zones;
Currency Areas;
Rational Expectations;
Asset Pricing
Froot, K. A., and T. Ito. "On the Consistency of Short-Run and Long-Run Exchange Rate Expectations." Journal of International Money and Finance 8, no. 4 (December 1989): 487–510. (Revised from NBER Working Paper No. 2577, May 1988.)
- August 1989 (Revised November 1994)
- Case
Nissan Motor Co. Ltd.: Marketing Strategy for the European Market
By: John A. Quelch
Nissan executives are reviewing their European marketing strategy in light of the 1992 European Community (EC) market integration program and the likely end of bilateral import quotas on Japanese cars by some EC countries. Having recently established a manufacturing...
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Keywords:
Marketing Strategy;
Resource Allocation;
Market Entry and Exit;
Trade;
Auto Industry;
Japan;
United Kingdom;
Europe
Quelch, John A. "Nissan Motor Co. Ltd.: Marketing Strategy for the European Market." Harvard Business School Case 590-018, August 1989. (Revised November 1994.)
- July 1989
- Article
Immunizing Children Against the Negative Effects of Reward
By: B. A. Hennessey, T. M. Amabile and M. Martinage
Two studies were conducted to examine the effect of intrinsic motivation training on children's subsequent motivational orientation and creativity in an expected reward situation. Past research has demonstrated the overjustification effect: Children who work on an...
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Keywords:
Creativity;
Motivation and Incentives;
Training;
Early Childhood Education;
Learning;
Teaching
Hennessey, B. A., T. M. Amabile, and M. Martinage. "Immunizing Children Against the Negative Effects of Reward." Contemporary Educational Psychology 14, no. 3 (July 1989): 212–227.
- June 1989
- Background Note
Mastering the Art of Change: Managing Convergence and Upheaval
Outlines the differences between convergent change, which is a process of incremental innovation and continuous improvement, and divergent change, which involves revolutionary changes. Discusses how to manage each type of change and the consequences associated with...
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Kanter, Rosabeth M., and Leonard A. Schlesinger. "Mastering the Art of Change: Managing Convergence and Upheaval." Harvard Business School Background Note 389-168, June 1989.
- May 1989 (Revised August 2006)
- Case
RJR Nabisco
Gives students the opportunity to explore issues facing the board of directors in a leveraged buyout. RJR Nabisco is valued under different operating strategies and the source of gains in leveraged buyouts is stressed.
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Ruback, Richard S. "RJR Nabisco." Harvard Business School Case 289-056, May 1989. (Revised August 2006.)
- April 1989
- Case
Norton Auto Supply
Describes a multiechelon distribution system for the distribution of automobile spare parts. An analyst has been hired by the Norton Auto Supply Co. to improve the company's inventory planning and control techniques. Includes demand, cost, weight, and supplier lead...
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Keywords:
Business or Company Management;
Operations;
Distribution Channels;
Management Practices and Processes;
Management;
Strategy;
Industrial Products Industry;
Auto Industry
Hammond, Janice H. "Norton Auto Supply." Harvard Business School Case 689-084, April 1989.
- 1989
- Article
The Creative Environment Scales: The Work Environment Inventory
By: T. M. Amabile and N. Gryskiewicz
The Creative Environment Scales Work Environment Inventory (WEI) is a new paper-and-pencil instrument designed to assess stimulants and obstacles to creativity in the work environment. Unlike many instruments that are designed as comprehensive descriptions of the work...
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Keywords:
Creativity;
Innovation and Invention;
Working Conditions;
Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques
Amabile, T. M., and N. Gryskiewicz. "The Creative Environment Scales: The Work Environment Inventory." Creativity Research Journal 2 (1989): 231–254.
- November 1988 (Revised July 1997)
- Case
Technology Transfer at a Defense Contractor
By: Linda A. Hill
At a time of great changes in the corporate environment, Larry Yoshino, a design lab manager at Parsons Controls Corp., faces a delay in a costly defense project due to the inability of one of his subordinates to gain the cooperation of engineers at Parsons'...
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Keywords:
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Change Management;
Conflict Management;
Managerial Roles;
Management Teams;
Employees;
Competitive Strategy;
Projects
Hill, Linda A. "Technology Transfer at a Defense Contractor." Harvard Business School Case 489-084, November 1988. (Revised July 1997.)
- November 1988
- Case
Honeywell Residential Division: New Product Development
Describes three different product development efforts at the Residential Controls division of Honeywell, Inc. Each of the three projects was for a different market and competitive environment. Each was tackled in a somewhat different way within the Honeywell...
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Keywords:
Product Development;
Construction;
Outcome or Result;
Situation or Environment;
Business Divisions;
Product Design;
Change Management;
Construction Industry
Wheelwright, Steven C. "Honeywell Residential Division: New Product Development." Harvard Business School Case 689-035, November 1988.
- November 1988 (Revised September 1991)
- Case
Simmons Japan Ltd.
By: W. Carl Kester and Richard P. Melnick
Concerns the first leveraged buyout to occur in Japan. Analytic tasks include a valuation of the company and an assessment of its debt capacity. Also provides opportunities to discuss agency costs associated with alternative capital and equity ownership structures,...
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Keywords:
Leveraged Buyouts;
Restructuring;
Borrowing and Debt;
Capital Structure;
Cost;
Equity;
Production;
Valuation;
Japan;
United States
Kester, W. Carl, and Richard P. Melnick. "Simmons Japan Ltd." Harvard Business School Case 289-001, November 1988. (Revised September 1991.)
- October 1988 (Revised May 1989)
- Case
General Electric: Consumer Electronics Group
By: David J. Collis and Nancy Donohue
Highlights the General Electric takeover of RCA and the consolidation of the two companies' consumer electronic groups. Starting first with a history of the television industry in the United States, Europe, and Japan, and then a brief discussion of the main competitors...
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Collis, David J., and Nancy Donohue. "General Electric: Consumer Electronics Group." Harvard Business School Case 389-048, October 1988. (Revised May 1989.)
- October 1988
- Case
Harris Seafoods Leveraged Buyout
Describes set of issues confronting Alison Lassiter, who is trying to help Charlie Harris arrange a leveraged buyout of the shrimp company he runs, a division of a publicly traded company, Katy Industries. Lassiter has prepared a memorandum discussing and analyzing the...
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Keywords:
Leveraged Buyouts;
Venture Capital;
Financing and Loans;
Equity;
Cost vs Benefits;
Negotiation Tactics;
Negotiation Preparation;
Financial Management;
Strategy;
Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques;
Planning;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Industrial Products Industry
Sahlman, William A. "Harris Seafoods Leveraged Buyout." Harvard Business School Case 289-019, October 1988.
- September 1988 (Revised June 1993)
- Case
Ring Medical
Describes the progress of a new product launch (HCS-100, a hospital communication system). Ring Medical has sold only five systems in six months against an annual target of 30. There is a lack of agreement internally on how the new product effort should be organized....
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Rangan, V. Kasturi. "Ring Medical." Harvard Business School Case 589-046, September 1988. (Revised June 1993.)
- May 1988
- Background Note
Roles and Relationships of Business and Government
By: George C. Lodge
Synthesizes a wide range of literature and experience concerning comparative government-business relations, focusing especially on Japan, Europe, and the United States with some references to Brazil and Mexico. Designed for discussion in two consecutive class sessions....
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Keywords:
Economic Systems;
Framework;
Government and Politics;
Mission and Purpose;
Organizational Structure;
Business and Government Relations;
Mathematical Methods;
System;
Japan;
Europe;
Mexico;
United States;
Brazil
Lodge, George C. "Roles and Relationships of Business and Government." Harvard Business School Background Note 388-159, May 1988.
- January 1988 (Revised May 1988)
- Case
General Motors' Asian Alliances
Describes all of General Motors' major alliances with Asian firms. These include Toyota, Fanuc, Isuzu, Daewoo, Suzuki, Nissan, and Hitachi. Students can discuss the rationale of each alliance, their risks, their management problems, and their likely evolution. Also...
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Keywords:
Joint Ventures;
Cost Management;
Globalized Firms and Management;
Problems and Challenges;
Alliances;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Adoption;
Corporate Strategy
Badaracco, Joseph L., Jr. "General Motors' Asian Alliances." Harvard Business School Case 388-094, January 1988. (Revised May 1988.)
- Article
'Making Book Against Oneself,' the Independence Axiom, and Non-Linear Utility Theory
By: Jerry R. Green
An individual with known preferences over lotteries can be led to accept random wealth distributions different from his initial endowment by a sequential process in which some uncertainty is resolved and he is offered a new lottery in place of the remaining...
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Green, Jerry R. "'Making Book Against Oneself,' the Independence Axiom, and Non-Linear Utility Theory." Quarterly Journal of Economics 102, no. 4 (November 1987): 785–796.
- March 1987 (Revised October 1993)
- Case
Au Bon Pain: The French Bakery Cafe, The Partner/Manager Program
By: W. Earl Sasser
In recent years, Au Bon Pain (ABP), a chain of upscale French bakeries/sandwich cafes based in Boston, confronted a set of human resource problems endemic to the fast food industry (i.e., a labor shortage which made it difficult to attract and maintain quality crew...
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Keywords:
Motivation and Incentives;
Managerial Roles;
Retention;
Employees;
Performance Improvement;
Recruitment;
Problems and Challenges;
Compensation and Benefits;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Service Industry;
Boston
Sasser, W. Earl. "Au Bon Pain: The French Bakery Cafe, The Partner/Manager Program." Harvard Business School Case 687-063, March 1987. (Revised October 1993.)
- October 1986 (Revised November 1988)
- Case
B-W Footwear
By: David B. Yoffie
As import penetration into the American footwear market reached 81% in 1986, B-W Footwear, along with all of its American competitors, was struggling. Supply lines were deteriorating, retailers and importers were gaining power, and the government had rejected two...
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Keywords:
Competitive Strategy;
Management;
Globalization;
Government and Politics;
Business Strategy;
Trade;
Apparel and Accessories Industry;
United States
Yoffie, David B. "B-W Footwear." Harvard Business School Case 387-022, October 1986. (Revised November 1988.)
- October 1986 (Revised November 1989)
- Case
Becton Dickinson & Co.: VACUTAINER Systems Division
Concerns negotiations between managers of Becton Dickinson's (BD) VACUTAINER division (which manufactures and sells blood collection products) and managers of a large hospital buying group. Recent changes in the health care industry are the background for the...
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Keywords:
Distribution;
Negotiation Participants;
Negotiation Process;
Price;
Sales;
Manufacturing Industry;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry;
Health Industry;
United States
Cespedes, Frank V. "Becton Dickinson & Co.: VACUTAINER Systems Division." Harvard Business School Case 587-085, October 1986. (Revised November 1989.)