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All HBS Web
(2,653)
- Faculty Publications (334)
- Spring 2023
- Article
Incentive Contract Design and Employee-Initiated Innovation: Evidence from the Field
By: Wei Cai, Susanna Gallani and Jee-Eun Shin
This study examines how the design of incentive contracts for tasks defined as workers’ official responsibilities (i.e., standard tasks) influences workers’ propensity to engage in employee-initiated innovation (EII). EII corresponds to innovation activities that are...
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Keywords:
Employee-initiated Innovation;
Contract Design;
Rank-and-file;
Extra-role Behaviors;
Compensation and Benefits;
Motivation and Incentives;
Innovation and Management
Cai, Wei, Susanna Gallani, and Jee-Eun Shin. "Incentive Contract Design and Employee-Initiated Innovation: Evidence from the Field." Contemporary Accounting Research 40, no. 1 (Spring 2023): 292–323.
- April 2023
- Article
The Preference Survey Module: A Validated Instrument for Measuring Risk, Time, and Social Preferences
By: Armin Falk, Anke Becker, Thomas Dohmen, David B. Huffman and Uwe Sunde
Incentivized choice experiments are a key approach to measuring preferences in economics but are also costly. Survey measures are a low-cost alternative but can suffer from additional forms of measurement error due to their hypothetical nature. This paper seeks to...
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Keywords:
Survey Validation;
Experiment;
Preference Measurement;
Surveys;
Economics;
Behavior;
Measurement and Metrics
Falk, Armin, Anke Becker, Thomas Dohmen, David B. Huffman, and Uwe Sunde. "The Preference Survey Module: A Validated Instrument for Measuring Risk, Time, and Social Preferences." Management Science 69, no. 4 (April 2023): 1935–1950.
- March 2023
- Case
Innovation at Google Ads: The Sales Acceleration and Innovation Labs (SAIL) (A)
By: Linda A. Hill and Emily Tedards
In 2018, Ana Owczarzak was appointed to lead Google Ads' new innovation and accelerator team - the Sales Acceleration and Innovation Labs (SAIL). The purpose of SAIL was to offer testing and incubation services for individuals within Google Ads who were developing new...
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Keywords:
Innovation Leadership;
Innovation Strategy;
Organizational Design;
Technology Industry;
Advertising Industry;
Information Technology Industry;
United States
Hill, Linda A., and Emily Tedards. "Innovation at Google Ads: The Sales Acceleration and Innovation Labs (SAIL) (A)." Harvard Business School Case 423-076, March 2023.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Distributionally Robust Causal Inference with Observational Data
By: Dimitris Bertsimas, Kosuke Imai and Michael Lingzhi Li
We consider the estimation of average treatment effects in observational studies and propose a new framework of robust causal inference with unobserved confounders. Our approach is based on distributionally robust optimization and proceeds in two steps. We first...
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Bertsimas, Dimitris, Kosuke Imai, and Michael Lingzhi Li. "Distributionally Robust Causal Inference with Observational Data." Working Paper, February 2023.
- Other Article
Introduction
By: Stefano Brusoni, Joachim Henkel, Michael G Jacobides, Samina Karim, Alan MacCormack, Phanish Puranam and Melissa Schilling
In 2000, Carliss Baldwin and Kim Clark published Design Rules: The Power of Modularity, a book that introduced new ways of understanding and explaining the architecture of complex systems. This Special Issue of Industrial and Corporate Change celebrates...
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Keywords:
Complex Systems;
Industry Structure;
Systems Design;
Complexity;
Organizational Design;
Competitive Strategy;
Innovation and Management
Brusoni, Stefano, Joachim Henkel, Michael G Jacobides, Samina Karim, Alan MacCormack, Phanish Puranam, and Melissa Schilling. "Introduction." Special Issue on The Power of Modularity: Twenty Years of Design Rules. Industrial and Corporate Change 32, no. 1 (February 2023): 1–10.
- 2022
- Working Paper
Regulatory Incentives for Innovation: The FDA's Breakthrough Therapy Designation
By: Amitabh Chandra, Jennifer Kao, Kathleen Miller and Ariel D. Stern
Regulators of new products confront a tradeoff between speeding a new product to market and collecting additional product quality information. The FDA’s Breakthrough Therapy Designation (BTD) provides an opportunity to understand if a regulator can use new policy to...
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Chandra, Amitabh, Jennifer Kao, Kathleen Miller, and Ariel D. Stern. "Regulatory Incentives for Innovation: The FDA's Breakthrough Therapy Designation." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30712, December 2022.
- October–December 2022
- Article
Achieving Reliable Causal Inference with Data-Mined Variables: A Random Forest Approach to the Measurement Error Problem
By: Mochen Yang, Edward McFowland III, Gordon Burtch and Gediminas Adomavicius
Combining machine learning with econometric analysis is becoming increasingly prevalent in both research and practice. A common empirical strategy involves the application of predictive modeling techniques to "mine" variables of interest from available data, followed...
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Keywords:
Machine Learning;
Econometric Analysis;
Instrumental Variable;
Random Forest;
Causal Inference;
AI and Machine Learning;
Forecasting and Prediction
Yang, Mochen, Edward McFowland III, Gordon Burtch, and Gediminas Adomavicius. "Achieving Reliable Causal Inference with Data-Mined Variables: A Random Forest Approach to the Measurement Error Problem." INFORMS Journal on Data Science 1, no. 2 (October–December 2022): 138–155.
- 2022
- Book
Healthy Buildings: How Indoor Spaces Can Make You Sick—or Keep You Well
By: Joseph G. Allen and John D. Macomber
For too long we’ve designed buildings that haven’t focused on the people inside—their health, their ability to work effectively, and what that means for the bottom line. An authoritative introduction to a movement whose vital importance is now all too clear, Healthy...
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Allen, Joseph G., and John D. Macomber. Healthy Buildings: How Indoor Spaces Can Make You Sick—or Keep You Well. Revised and updated edition, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2022.
- September 2022
- Article
Energy Innovation Funding and Institutions in Major Economies
By: Jonas Meckling, Clara Galeazzi, Esther Shears, Tong Xu and Laura Diaz Anadon
Accelerating energy innovation for decarbonization hinges on public investment in research, development and demonstration (RD&D). Here we examine the evolution and variation of public energy RD&D funding and institutions and associated drivers across eight major...
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Keywords:
Research and Development;
Innovation and Invention;
Energy Policy;
Government Legislation;
Energy Sources
Meckling, Jonas, Clara Galeazzi, Esther Shears, Tong Xu, and Laura Diaz Anadon. "Energy Innovation Funding and Institutions in Major Economies." Nature Energy 7, no. 9 (September 2022): 876–885.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Scoring and Funding Breakthrough Ideas: Evidence from a Global Pharmaceutical Company
By: Joshua Krieger, Ramana Nanda, Ian Hunt, Aimee Reynolds and Peter Tarsa
We study resource allocation to early-stage ideas at an internal startup program of
one the largest pharmaceutical firms in the world. Our research design enables us to
elicit every evaluator’s scores across five different attributes, before seeing how they
would...
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Keywords:
Project Selection;
Pharmaceuticals;
Financing Innovation;
Resource Allocation;
Innovation and Invention;
Research and Development
Krieger, Joshua, Ramana Nanda, Ian Hunt, Aimee Reynolds, and Peter Tarsa. "Scoring and Funding Breakthrough Ideas: Evidence from a Global Pharmaceutical Company." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-014, August 2022. (Revised November 2023.)
- 2022
- Article
Data Poisoning Attacks on Off-Policy Evaluation Methods
By: Elita Lobo, Harvineet Singh, Marek Petrik, Cynthia Rudin and Himabindu Lakkaraju
Off-policy Evaluation (OPE) methods are a crucial tool for evaluating policies in high-stakes domains such as healthcare, where exploration is often infeasible, unethical, or expensive. However, the extent to which such methods can be trusted under adversarial threats...
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Lobo, Elita, Harvineet Singh, Marek Petrik, Cynthia Rudin, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Data Poisoning Attacks on Off-Policy Evaluation Methods." Proceedings of the Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI) 38th (2022): 1264–1274.
- 2022
- Book
Purpose + Profit: How Business Can Lift Up the World
By: George Serafeim
The roadmap and best practices to reap the enormous value that can emerge when your business prioritizes social and environmental goals—such as climate change, diversity and inclusion, and sustainability—right alongside the pursuit of profit.
We not only... View Details
We not only... View Details
Keywords:
ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance;
Profitability;
Business And Society;
Organizations;
Mission and Purpose;
Goals and Objectives;
Social Issues;
Environmental Sustainability;
Value Creation;
Organizational Change and Adaptation
Serafeim, George. Purpose + Profit: How Business Can Lift Up the World. New York: HarperCollins Leadership, 2022.
- July 2022
- Article
A Strategic View of Team Learning in Organizations
By: Jean-François Harvey, Henrik Bresman, Amy C. Edmondson and Gary P. Pisano
Research in strategic management and organizational behavior has increasingly focused on understanding how organizations achieve and sustain performance in fast-changing environments. Strategy research suggests that senior managers, through their decisions, influence...
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Keywords:
Strategic Management;
Organization Behavior;
Teams;
Organizational Capabilities;
Groups and Teams;
Learning;
Management;
Decision Making;
Performance;
Organizational Design
Harvey, Jean-François, Henrik Bresman, Amy C. Edmondson, and Gary P. Pisano. "A Strategic View of Team Learning in Organizations." Academy of Management Annals 16, no. 2 (July 2022): 476–507.
- 2022
- Chapter
Redirecting Rawlsian Reasoning Toward the Greater Good
By: Joshua D. Greene, Karen Huang and Max Bazerman
In A Theory of Justice, John Rawls employed the ‘veil of Ignorance’ as a moral reasoning device designed to promote impartial thinking. By imagining the choices of decision-makers who are blind to biasing information, one might see more clearly the organizing...
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Greene, Joshua D., Karen Huang, and Max Bazerman. "Redirecting Rawlsian Reasoning Toward the Greater Good." Chap. 15 in The Oxford Handbook of Moral Psychology, edited by Manuel Vargas and John M. Doris, 246–261. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2022.
- June 2022 (Revised August 2023)
- Case
Strategic Innovation at the United Nations: A Network of Ecosystems
By: Frank Nagle, Elizabeth J. Altman and Amy Klopfenstein
In 2021, Gina Lucarelli, leader of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Accelerator Labs, prepared for a meeting with UNDP Administrator Achim Steiner. The two planned to discuss the future of the Accelerator Labs, a network of social innovation labs located...
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Keywords:
Change;
Disruption;
Transformation;
Change Management;
Education;
Learning;
Environmental Management;
Climate Change;
Environmental Sustainability;
Geography;
Geographic Scope;
Global Range;
Local Range;
Geopolitical Units;
Country;
Human Resources;
Recruitment;
Retention;
Selection and Staffing;
Employees;
Employee Relationship Management;
Information Technology;
Information Management;
Innovation and Invention;
Collaborative Innovation and Invention;
Disruptive Innovation;
Innovation and Management;
Innovation Leadership;
Innovation Strategy;
Knowledge;
Knowledge Acquisition;
Knowledge Dissemination;
Knowledge Management;
Knowledge Sharing;
Knowledge Use and Leverage;
Organizations;
Mission and Purpose;
Organizational Culture;
Organizational Structure;
Organizational Design;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Social Enterprise;
Non-Governmental Organizations;
Social Psychology;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Society;
Social Issues;
Welfare;
Strategy;
Cooperation;
Adaptation;
Public Administration Industry;
North and Central America
Nagle, Frank, Elizabeth J. Altman, and Amy Klopfenstein. "Strategic Innovation at the United Nations: A Network of Ecosystems." Harvard Business School Case 722-363, June 2022. (Revised August 2023.)
- 2022
- Article
Exploring Counterfactual Explanations Through the Lens of Adversarial Examples: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis.
By: Martin Pawelczyk, Chirag Agarwal, Shalmali Joshi, Sohini Upadhyay and Himabindu Lakkaraju
As machine learning (ML) models become more widely deployed in high-stakes applications, counterfactual explanations have emerged as key tools for providing actionable model explanations in practice. Despite the growing popularity of counterfactual explanations, a...
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Keywords:
Machine Learning Models;
Counterfactual Explanations;
Adversarial Examples;
Mathematical Methods
Pawelczyk, Martin, Chirag Agarwal, Shalmali Joshi, Sohini Upadhyay, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Exploring Counterfactual Explanations Through the Lens of Adversarial Examples: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis." Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS) 25th (2022).
- Article
How Much Should We Trust Staggered Difference-In-Differences Estimates?
By: Andrew C. Baker, David F. Larcker and Charles C.Y. Wang
We explain when and how staggered difference-in-differences regression estimators, commonly applied to assess the impact of policy changes, are biased. These biases are likely to be relevant for a large portion of research settings in finance, accounting, and law that...
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Keywords:
Difference In Differences;
Staggered Difference-in-differences Designs;
Generalized Difference-in-differences;
Dynamic Treatment Effects;
Mathematical Methods
Baker, Andrew C., David F. Larcker, and Charles C.Y. Wang. "How Much Should We Trust Staggered Difference-In-Differences Estimates?" Journal of Financial Economics 144, no. 2 (May 2022): 370–395. (Editor's Choice, May 2022; Jensen Prize, First Place, June 2023.)
- 2022
- Working Paper
A Linear Panel Model with Heterogeneous Coefficients and Variation in Exposure
By: Jesse M. Shapiro and Liyang Sun
Linear panel models featuring unit and time fixed effects appear in many areas of empirical economics. An active literature studies the interpretation of the ordinary least squares estimator of the model, commonly called the two-way fixed effects (TWFE) estimator, in...
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Shapiro, Jesse M., and Liyang Sun. "A Linear Panel Model with Heterogeneous Coefficients and Variation in Exposure." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29976, April 2022.
- April 2022
- Article
National Customer Orientation: A Framework, Propositions and Agenda for Future Research
By: Ofer Mintz, Imran S. Currim and Rohit Deshpandé
Purpose: This paper aims to propose a new country-level construct, national customer orientation, to provide a benchmark for global headquartered managers’ decisions and scholars investigating cross-national research.
Design/methodology/approach: A conceptual... View Details
Design/methodology/approach: A conceptual... View Details
Keywords:
International Marketing;
Macro-marketing;
Marketing;
Financial Crisis;
Customer Focus and Relationships;
Economic Growth;
Economic Slowdown and Stagnation
Mintz, Ofer, Imran S. Currim, and Rohit Deshpandé. "National Customer Orientation: A Framework, Propositions and Agenda for Future Research." European Journal of Marketing 56, no. 4 (April 2022): 1014–1041.
- 2022
- Article
Social Interactivity in Live Video Experiences Reduces Loneliness
By: Benjamin T. Kaveladze, Robert R. Morris, Rosa Victoria Dimitrova-Gammeltoft, Amit Goldenberg, James J. Gross, Judd Antin, Melissa Sandgren and Melissa C. Thomas-Hunt
Background: Loneliness, especially when chronic, can substantially reduce one's quality of life. However, positive social experiences might help to break cycles of loneliness by promoting more prosocial cognitions and behaviors. Internet-mediated live video...
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Keywords:
Lonelines;
Social Connection;
Internet-mediated Communication;
Experiment;
Emotions;
Well-being;
Interpersonal Communication;
Internet
Kaveladze, Benjamin T., Robert R. Morris, Rosa Victoria Dimitrova-Gammeltoft, Amit Goldenberg, James J. Gross, Judd Antin, Melissa Sandgren, and Melissa C. Thomas-Hunt. "Social Interactivity in Live Video Experiences Reduces Loneliness." Frontiers in Digital Health 4:859849 (2022).