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    • All HBS Web  (179)
      • Faculty Publications  (47)

      Deregulation Remove Deregulation →

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      • September 2022 (Revised February 2023)
      • Case

      EnergyNow: Powering a New Market

      By: Alexander MacKay and James Barnett
      In August 2022, EnergyNow co-founder and CEO Stuart MacWilliam (MBA 2015) considers the company strategy for building solar panels to provide power in South Africa’s recently deregulated energy market.  View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Development Economics; Energy; Alternative Energy; Energy Generation; Energy Sources; Renewable Energy; Entrepreneurship; Environmental Management; Ethics; Geography; Government and Politics; Energy Policy; Law; Management; Markets; Market Timing; Operations; Energy Industry; Utilities Industry; Africa; South Africa
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      MacKay, Alexander, and James Barnett. "EnergyNow: Powering a New Market." Harvard Business School Case 723-361, September 2022. (Revised February 2023.)
      • August 2022
      • Case

      Air Wars: Deregulating the U.S. Airline Industry

      By: Tom Nicholas and James Weber
      In the early decades of the twentieth century, the U.S. government assisted in the development of an airline industry by subsidizing the delivery of mail and allowing mail carriers to also fly passengers. Because the government awarded mail routes to the lowest...  View Details
      Keywords: Government Regulation; Deregulation; Change Management; Economics; Entrepreneurship; Financial Management; Business History; Human Resources; Compensation and Benefits; Labor; Labor Unions; Leading Change; Leadership Style; Crisis Management; Industry Structures; Operations; Strategy; Adaptation; Competition; Air Transportation; Air Transportation Industry; United States
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      Nicholas, Tom, and James Weber. "Air Wars: Deregulating the U.S. Airline Industry." Harvard Business School Case 823-033, August 2022.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Deregulation, Market Power, and Prices: Evidence from the Electricity Sector

      By: Alexander MacKay and Ignacia Mercadal
      When deciding whether to introduce market competition in a regulated industry, a regulator faces an important tradeoff. Market-based prices can provide incentives to allocate resources more efficiently and reduce costs, but the presence of market power may lead to...  View Details
      Keywords: Deregulation; Market Power; Markups; Prices; Electricity; Energy; Markets; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Price; Utilities Industry
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      MacKay, Alexander, and Ignacia Mercadal. "Deregulation, Market Power, and Prices: Evidence from the Electricity Sector." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-095, February 2021. (Revised December 2022. Direct download.)
      • October 2019
      • Article

      Partial Deregulation and Competition: Effects on Risky Mortgage Origination

      By: Marco Di Maggio, Amir Kermani and Sanket Korgaonkar
      We exploit the OCC's preemption of national banks from state laws against predatory lending as a quasi-experiment to study the effect of deregulation and its interaction with competition on the supply of complex mortgages. Following the preemption ruling, national...  View Details
      Keywords: Great Recession; Subprime; Complex Mortgages; Credit Supply; Household Debt; Preemption Rule; Competition; Mortgages; Government Legislation; Credit; Financial Crisis
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      Di Maggio, Marco, Amir Kermani, and Sanket Korgaonkar. "Partial Deregulation and Competition: Effects on Risky Mortgage Origination." Management Science 65, no. 10 (October 2019).
      • November 2018
      • Case

      Swissgrid: Enterprise Risk Management in a Digital Age

      By: Robert S. Kaplan and Anette Mikes
      Kurt Meyer, chief risk officer of Swissgrid, the Swiss national electricity transmission system operator, reflects on the risk management system he installed after the deregulation and liberalization of the European energy market. With 41 connections to other European...  View Details
      Keywords: Enterprise Risk Management; Energy Transmission; Risk and Uncertainty; Risk Management; Energy; Energy Industry; Utilities Industry; Switzerland
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      Kaplan, Robert S., and Anette Mikes. "Swissgrid: Enterprise Risk Management in a Digital Age." Harvard Business School Case 119-045, November 2018.
      • June 2016 (Revised May 2017)
      • Case

      FANUC Corporation: Reassessing the Firm's Governance and Financial Policies

      By: Benjamin C. Esty, Nobuo Sato and Akiko Kanno
      In February 2015, Daniel Loeb (a U.S.–based activist investor) announced his firm had a large investment in FANUC Corporation, a leading producer of industrial robots and software for machine tools. Loeb was demanding that the Japanese firm change its financial and...  View Details
      Keywords: Hedge Funds; Economic Policy; Investments; Government Policy; Deregulation; Financial Management; Valuation; Investment Funds; Policy; Corporate Governance; Macroeconomics; Investment Activism; Change Management; Financial Strategy; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Japan; United States
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      Esty, Benjamin C., Nobuo Sato, and Akiko Kanno. "FANUC Corporation: Reassessing the Firm's Governance and Financial Policies." Harvard Business School Case 216-042, June 2016. (Revised May 2017.)
      • Article

      Spatial Determinants of Entrepreneurship in India

      By: Ejaz Ghani, William R. Kerr and Stephen O'Connell
      We analyze the spatial determinants of entrepreneurship in India in the manufacturing and services sectors. Among general district traits, quality of physical infrastructure and workforce education are the strongest predictors of entry, with labor laws and household...  View Details
      Keywords: Agglomeration; Development; Entrepreneurship; Manufacturing Industry; Service Industry; India; South Asia
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      Ghani, Ejaz, William R. Kerr, and Stephen O'Connell. "Spatial Determinants of Entrepreneurship in India." Special Issue on Entrepreneurship in a Regional Context. Regional Studies 48, no. 6 (2014): 1071–1089.
      • Article

      Deregulation, Misallocation, and Size: Evidence from India

      By: Laura Alfaro and Anusha Chari
      This paper examines the impact of the deregulation of compulsory industrial licensing in India on firm size dynamics and reallocation of resources within industries. Following deregulation, resource misallocation declines, and the left-hand tail of the firm size...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Size; Emerging Markets; Supply and Industry; Manufacturing Industry; India
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Anusha Chari. "Deregulation, Misallocation, and Size: Evidence from India." Journal of Law & Economics 57, no. 4 (November 2014): 897–936. (Revised February 2014.)
      • 2011
      • Working Paper

      Spatial Determinants of Entrepreneurship in India

      By: Ejaz Ghani, William R. Kerr and Stephen O'Connell
      We analyze the spatial determinants of entrepreneurship in India in the manufacturing and services sectors. Among general district traits, quality of physical infrastructure and workforce education are the strongest predictors of entry, with labor laws and household...  View Details
      Keywords: Education; Entrepreneurship; Industry Structures; Infrastructure; Manufacturing Industry; Service Industry; India
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      Ghani, Ejaz, William R. Kerr, and Stephen O'Connell. "Spatial Determinants of Entrepreneurship in India." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-027, October 2011.
      • 2010
      • Working Paper

      Reversing the Null: Regulation, Deregulation, and the Power of Ideas

      By: David Moss
      It has been said that deregulation was an important source of the recent financial crisis. It may be more accurate, however, to say that a deregulatory mindset was an important source of the crisis—a mindset that, to a very significant extent, grew out of profound...  View Details
      Keywords: Financial Crisis; Financial Markets; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Government and Politics; Failure; Business and Government Relations; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Moss, David. "Reversing the Null: Regulation, Deregulation, and the Power of Ideas." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-080, October 2010.
      • April – May 2010
      • Article

      Banking Deregulations, Financing Constraints and Firm Entry Size

      By: William R. Kerr and Ramana Nanda
      We examine the effect of US branch banking deregulations on the entry size of new firms using micro-data from the US Census Bureau. We find that the average entry size for startups did not change following the deregulations. However, among firms that survived at least...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Financing and Loans; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Market Entry and Exit; Banking Industry; United States
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      Kerr, William R., and Ramana Nanda. "Banking Deregulations, Financing Constraints and Firm Entry Size." Journal of the European Economic Association 8, nos. 2-3 (April–May 2010): 582–593.
      • October 2009
      • Article

      Democratizing Entry: Banking Deregulations, Financing Constraints, and Entrepreneurship

      By: William R. Kerr and Ramana Nanda
      We examine entrepreneurship and creative destruction following US banking deregulations using Census Bureau data. US banking reforms brought about exceptional growth in both entrepreneurship and business closures. Most of the closures, however, were the new ventures...  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Market Entry and Exit; Capital Markets; Banks and Banking; Growth and Development; Disruptive Innovation
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      Kerr, William R., and Ramana Nanda. "Democratizing Entry: Banking Deregulations, Financing Constraints, and Entrepreneurship." Journal of Financial Economics 94, no. 1 (October 2009): 124–149.
      • 2009
      • Working Paper

      Banking Deregulations, Financing Constraints and Firm Entry Size

      By: William R. Kerr and Ramana Nanda
      We examine the effect of US branch banking deregulations on the entry size of new firms using micro-data from the US Census Bureau. We find that the average entry size for startups did not change following the deregulations. However, among firms that survived at least...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Financing and Loans; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Market Entry and Exit; Banking Industry; United States
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      Kerr, William R., and Ramana Nanda. "Banking Deregulations, Financing Constraints and Firm Entry Size." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-010, July 2009. (Invited submission to Journal of European Economic Association, Revised October 2009.)
      • May 2009 (Revised January 2011)
      • Case

      Enel: Power, Russia, and Global Markets

      By: Rawi E. Abdelal, Richard H.K. Vietor and Sogomon Tarontsi
      Although the global trend toward liberalization of electric utilities forced Enel, the largest power company in Italy, to give up some of its assets in its home base, it also opened up many opportunities abroad, including in Russia, one of the largest electricity...  View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Energy Generation; Foreign Direct Investment; Global Strategy; Globalized Firms and Management; Globalized Markets and Industries; Business and Government Relations; Utilities Industry; Russia; Italy
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      Abdelal, Rawi E., Richard H.K. Vietor, and Sogomon Tarontsi. "Enel: Power, Russia, and Global Markets." Harvard Business School Case 709-046, May 2009. (Revised January 2011.)
      • April 2008
      • Case

      Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd. (A)

      By: Paul W. Marshall, Michael Shih-ta Chen and Keith Chi-ho Wong
      In late November 2000, Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd., the once-monopolized telecom operator owned by the Taiwanese government, was on its way to privatization. Mr. C.K. Mao, Chairman of the company, who headed the job only three months earlier, after its prior chairman...  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Employee Relationship Management; Leading Change; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Privatization; Competition; Telecommunications Industry; Taiwan
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      Marshall, Paul W., Michael Shih-ta Chen, and Keith Chi-ho Wong. "Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd. (A)." Harvard Business School Case 808-137, April 2008.
      • April 2008
      • Supplement

      Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd. (B)

      By: Paul W. Marshall, Michael Shih-ta Chen and Keith Chi-ho Wong
      In late November 2000, Chung Telecom Co., Ltd., the once-monopolized telecom operator owned by the Taiwanese government, was on its way to privatization. Mr. C.K. Mao, Chairman of the company, was headed the job only three months earlier, after its prior chairman...  View Details
      Keywords: State Ownership; Jobs and Positions; Monopoly; Privatization; Competition; Decisions; Motivation and Incentives; Labor and Management Relations; Resignation and Termination; Compensation and Benefits; Price; Status and Position; Telecommunications Industry; Public Administration Industry; Taiwan
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      Marshall, Paul W., Michael Shih-ta Chen, and Keith Chi-ho Wong. "Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd. (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 808-138, April 2008.
      • December 2007 (Revised March 2013)
      • Case

      Queensland Sugar Limited

      By: David E. Bell and Mary L. Shelman
      Until industry deregulation in 2006, Queensland Sugar ran Australia's single desk marketing system for raw sugar exports. Since deregulation, eight of the ten Queensland sugar millers have elected to continue collective marketing through QSL. However, several millers...  View Details
      Keywords: Plant-Based Agribusiness; Goods and Commodities; Trade; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Competition; Marketing Strategy; Supply Chain; Network Effects; Supply and Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Australia
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      Bell, David E., and Mary L. Shelman. "Queensland Sugar Limited." Harvard Business School Case 508-038, December 2007. (Revised March 2013.)
      • October 2007 (Revised July 2016)
      • Teaching Note

      Gordon Bethune at Continental Airlines

      By: Anthony J. Mayo
      A $385 million loss for the final months of fiscal year 1994 signaled Continental might go bankrupt. Could new CEO Gordon Bethune turn Continental around? Continental was in dire straits because the deregulation of the commercial airline industry in 1978 ushered in a...  View Details
      Keywords: Transformation; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Profit; Leading Change; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Performance Improvement; Labor and Management Relations
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      Mayo, Anthony J. "Gordon Bethune at Continental Airlines." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 408-071, October 2007. (Revised July 2016.)
      • January 2007 (Revised July 2007)
      • Case

      Clear Channel Communications, Inc.

      By: Felix Oberholzer-Gee and Carole Winkler
      Discusses the rise of Clear Channel Communications, Inc. (CC) as the most important radio broadcasting company in the United States. While CC can look back on a glorious past, it faces a multitude of business issues: radio listenership is in decline, media deregulation...  View Details
      Keywords: History; Media; Performance Effectiveness; Public Opinion; Business and Government Relations; Media and Broadcasting Industry; United States
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      Oberholzer-Gee, Felix, and Carole Winkler. "Clear Channel Communications, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 707-523, January 2007. (Revised July 2007.)
      • December 2006 (Revised February 2009)
      • Case

      China Merchants Bank: Here Just For You

      By: F. Warren McFarlan, GuoQing Chen, HengYuan Zhu, Bin Yang, Michael Shih-ta Chen, G.A. Donovan, Waishun Lo and Yan Yang
      Founded in 1987, China Merchants Bank (CMB) is a pioneer in the use of technical innovation and IT as a competitive tool in the rapidly evolving Chinese banking sector. With a relatively small branch network when compared to its larger competitors, CMB uses an...  View Details
      Keywords: Credit Cards; Information Technology; Technological Innovation; Innovation Leadership; Competitive Strategy; Initial Public Offering; Emerging Markets; Opportunities; Banking Industry; China; Hong Kong
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      McFarlan, F. Warren, GuoQing Chen, HengYuan Zhu, Bin Yang, Michael Shih-ta Chen, G.A. Donovan, Waishun Lo, and Yan Yang. "China Merchants Bank: Here Just For You." Harvard Business School Case 307-081, December 2006. (Revised February 2009.)
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