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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (516)
      • Faculty Publications  (145)

      Demographic Economics Remove Demographic Economics →

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      • March–April 2023
      • Article

      The New-Collar Workforce

      By: Colleen Ammerman, Boris Groysberg and Ginni Rometty
      Many workers today are stuck in low-paying jobs, unable to advance simply because they don’t have a bachelor’s degree. At the same time, many companies are desperate for workers and not meeting the diversity goals that could help them perform better while also reducing...  View Details
      Keywords: Diversity; Recruitment; Social Issues; Higher Education; Competency and Skills
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      Ammerman, Colleen, Boris Groysberg, and Ginni Rometty. "The New-Collar Workforce." Harvard Business Review 101, no. 2 (March–April 2023): 96–103.
      • November 2022
      • Article

      The Sharp Spikes of Poverty: Financial Scarcity Is Related to Higher Levels of Distress Intensity in Daily Life

      By: Jon M. Jachimowicz, Erin L. Frey, Sandra C. Matz, Bertus F. Jeronimus and Adam D. Galinsky
      Although income is an important predictor of life satisfaction, the precise forces that drive this relationship remain unclear. We propose that financial resources afford individuals a path to reducing the distressing impact of everyday hassles, in turn increasing...  View Details
      Keywords: Distress; Affect; Control; Financial Scarcity; Life Satisfaction; Income; Poverty; Well-being
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      Jachimowicz, Jon M., Erin L. Frey, Sandra C. Matz, Bertus F. Jeronimus, and Adam D. Galinsky. "The Sharp Spikes of Poverty: Financial Scarcity Is Related to Higher Levels of Distress Intensity in Daily Life." Social Psychological & Personality Science 13, no. 8 (November 2022): 1187–1198.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      The Gender Minority Gaps in Confidence and Self-Evaluations

      By: Billur Aksoy, Christine L. Exley and Judd B. Kessler
      An increasing share of the population identifies as something other than male or female. Yet, we know very little about the economic preferences and beliefs of gender minorities. In this paper, we document a “gender minority gap” in confidence and in self-evaluations....  View Details
      Keywords: Self-evaluation; Confidence; Gender; Identity; Perception; Income
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      Aksoy, Billur, Christine L. Exley, and Judd B. Kessler. "The Gender Minority Gaps in Confidence and Self-Evaluations." Working Paper, October 2022.
      • September 2022
      • Article

      Regulatory Spillover and Workplace Racial Inequality

      By: Letian Zhang
      This paper suggests that affirmative action bans in the U.S. public sector may influence racial inequality in the private sector. Since the 1990s, nine states have banned affirmative action practice in public universities and state governments. Though these bans have...  View Details
      Keywords: Inequality; Regulation; Law; Organizational Norm; CEO; Affirmative Action; Organizations; Private Sector; Equality and Inequality; Diversity; Race; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
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      Zhang, Letian. "Regulatory Spillover and Workplace Racial Inequality." Administrative Science Quarterly 67, no. 3 (September 2022): 595–629.
      • July 2022 (Revised September 2022)
      • Case

      Birla Carbon Egypt: Building Soft Power in a Foreign Country

      By: Jeremy Friedman and Malini Sen
      Birla Carbon, a flagship business of the nearly $60-billion global conglomerate and India-headquartered Aditya Birla Group (ABG), is one of the world's top manufacturers and suppliers of high-quality carbon black. The largest among its 16 manufacturing plants is Birla...  View Details
      Keywords: Acquisition; Family Business; Disruption; Transformation; Diversity; Trade; Energy; Values and Beliefs; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Global Strategy; Government and Politics; Private Ownership; Civil Society or Community; Risk and Uncertainty; Value Creation; Industrial Products Industry; Rubber Industry; Egypt; Africa; India; Asia; Atlanta; United States
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      Friedman, Jeremy, and Malini Sen. "Birla Carbon Egypt: Building Soft Power in a Foreign Country." Harvard Business School Case 723-003, July 2022. (Revised September 2022.)
      • July 2022
      • Teaching Plan

      Wellthy: The Economics of Caring

      By: Brian Trelstad
      Teaching Plan for HBS Case No. 320-028. In 2014, Lindsay Jurist-Rosner (MBA ’09) founded Wellthy, a B2C business that coordinates care for working professionals seeking help to support loved ones with chronic diseases or aging parents. With personal experience as a...  View Details
      Keywords: B2B Vs. B2C; Future Of Work; Health; Social Entrepreneurship; Growth and Development Strategy; Health Care and Treatment; Recruitment; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Health Industry; United States
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      Trelstad, Brian. "Wellthy: The Economics of Caring." Harvard Business School Teaching Plan 322-076, July 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      The Impact of Minority Representation at Mortgage Lenders

      By: W. Scott Frame, Ruidi Huang, Erik J. Mayer and Adi Sunderam
      We study links between the labor market for loan officers and access to mortgage credit. Using novel data matching the (near) universe of mortgage applications to loan officers, we find that minorities are significantly underrepresented among loan officers. Minority...  View Details
      Keywords: Household Finance; Demographic Economics; Financial Institutions; Diversity; Prejudice and Bias; Mortgages; Banking Industry
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      Frame, W. Scott, Ruidi Huang, Erik J. Mayer, and Adi Sunderam. "The Impact of Minority Representation at Mortgage Lenders." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30125, June 2022.
      • May 2022
      • Case

      Rawbank's Illico Cash: Can 'Fast Money' Overcome Cash Dependency in the DRC?

      By: Lauren Cohen and Grace Headinger
      Thomas de Dreux-Brézé, the Head of Strategy and Project Management at Rawbank Congo in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), was perplexed as he reviewed annual adoption rates for the bank’s launch of Illico Cash 2.0. As the bank’s mobile money app, Illico Cash...  View Details
      Keywords: Fintech; Inflation; Deflation; Rural; Urban; Emerging Market; Mobile Technology; Finance; Money; Inflation and Deflation; Business Growth and Maturation; Decision Choices and Conditions; Demographics; Developing Countries and Economies; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Behavioral Finance; Currency; Banks and Banking; Commercial Banking; Financial Strategy; Rural Scope; Urban Scope; Innovation Strategy; Emerging Markets; Network Effects; Consumer Behavior; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Technology Adoption; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; Technology Industry; Congo, Democratic Republic of the
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      Cohen, Lauren, and Grace Headinger. "Rawbank's Illico Cash: Can 'Fast Money' Overcome Cash Dependency in the DRC?" Harvard Business School Case 222-084, May 2022.
      • March 2022 (Revised April 2022)
      • Case

      Pittsburgh: A Successful City?

      By: Karen Mills, Caroline Elkins, Vikram Gandhi, Gabriella Elanbeck and Zeke Gillman
      Pittsburgh, PA, was once the crown jewel of American heavy industry. During the 19th and 20th centuries, the city was an undisputed leader in steel production, boasting some of the largest companies and wealthiest individuals in the world. Its abundance of...  View Details
      Keywords: Economic And Social Disparities; Economic Development; Local Economic Development; Contextual Intelligence; Contextual Knowledge; Context; City Growth; City Innovation; City Leadership; Pittsburgh; Local Government; Local Stakeholders; Business And Community; Business And Community Relations; Community Engagement; Community Relations; Cross-sector Collaboration; Innovation; Innovation Economy; Innovation Clusters; Innovation Ecosystems; Shared Prosperity; Equality Of Opportunity; Equity; Inclusion; Business And Government; Business & Government Relations; Business And Government Relations; Business And Society; Neighborhoods; Race And Ethnicity; Innovation & Entrepreneurship; Diversity; Ethnicity; Race; Household; Income; Economic Growth; Economic Sectors; Economics; Local Range; Urban Development; Urban Scope; City; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Government and Politics; Government Administration; Growth and Development; History; Leadership; Goals and Objectives; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Society; Civil Society or Community; Culture; Human Needs; Public Opinion; Public Sector; Social Issues; Poverty; Equality and Inequality; Manufacturing Industry; Steel Industry; Education Industry; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; Technology Industry; United States; Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania
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      Mills, Karen, Caroline Elkins, Vikram Gandhi, Gabriella Elanbeck, and Zeke Gillman. "Pittsburgh: A Successful City?" Harvard Business School Case 322-080, March 2022. (Revised April 2022.)
      • January 2022
      • Background Note

      Native American Incarceration

      By: Reshmaan Hussam, Sophus A. Reinert and Jordan Naylor
      In the early twenty-first century the Native American populations of the United States continued to live with the legacy of colonialism, ethnic cleansing, and cultural destruction. Although other minority groups had increasingly been able to make their voices heard,...  View Details
      Keywords: Colonialism; Incarceration; Social Issues; Race; Equality and Inequality; History
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      Hussam, Reshmaan, Sophus A. Reinert, and Jordan Naylor. "Native American Incarceration." Harvard Business School Background Note 722-042, January 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Measuring Time Use in Rural India: Design and Validation of a Low-Cost Survey Module

      By: Erica Field, Rohini Pande, Natalia Rigol, Simone Schaner, Elena Stacy and Charity Troyer Moore
      Time use data can help us understand individual labor supply choices, especially for women who often provide unpaid care and home production. Although enumerator-assisted diary-based time use data collection is suitable for low-literacy populations, it is costly and...  View Details
      Keywords: Time Use; Household; Rural Scope; Developing Countries and Economies; Time Management; Analytics and Data Science; Surveys
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      Field, Erica, Rohini Pande, Natalia Rigol, Simone Schaner, Elena Stacy, and Charity Troyer Moore. "Measuring Time Use in Rural India: Design and Validation of a Low-Cost Survey Module." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29671, January 2022. (Revised September 2022.)
      • 2021
      • Article

      Psychological Pathways Linking Income Inequality in Adolescence to Well-being in Adulthood

      By: Lora E. Park, Han Young Jung, Kristen Schultz Lee, Deborah E. Ward, Paul K. Piff, Ashley Whillans and Kristin Naragon-Gainey
      Does exposure to income inequality in adolescence relate to well-being in adulthood? In Studies 1 and 2 ( N = 888), individuals who grew up in U.S. counties with higher income inequality expected greater benefits of financial success as adults, were more likely to base...  View Details
      Keywords: Financial Contingency Of Self-worth; Life Satisfaction; Social Comparison; Income; Equality and Inequality; Happiness; Satisfaction; Well-being
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      Park, Lora E., Han Young Jung, Kristen Schultz Lee, Deborah E. Ward, Paul K. Piff, Ashley Whillans, and Kristin Naragon-Gainey. "Psychological Pathways Linking Income Inequality in Adolescence to Well-being in Adulthood." Self and Identity 20, no. 8 (2021): 982–1014.
      • September–October 2021
      • Article

      Frontiers: Can an AI Algorithm Mitigate Racial Economic Inequality? An Analysis in the Context of Airbnb

      By: Shunyuan Zhang, Nitin Mehta, Param Singh and Kannan Srinivasan
      We study the effect of Airbnb’s smart-pricing algorithm on the racial disparity in the daily revenue earned by Airbnb hosts. Our empirical strategy exploits Airbnb’s introduction of the algorithm and its voluntary adoption by hosts as a quasi-natural experiment. Among...  View Details
      Keywords: Smart Pricing; Pricing Algorithm; Machine Bias; Discrimination; Racial Disparity; Social Inequality; Airbnb Revenue; Revenue; Race; Equality and Inequality; Prejudice and Bias; Price; Mathematical Methods; Accommodations Industry
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      Zhang, Shunyuan, Nitin Mehta, Param Singh, and Kannan Srinivasan. "Frontiers: Can an AI Algorithm Mitigate Racial Economic Inequality? An Analysis in the Context of Airbnb." Marketing Science 40, no. 5 (September–October 2021): 813–820.
      • September 17, 2021
      • Article

      AI Can Help Address Inequity—If Companies Earn Users' Trust

      By: Shunyuan Zhang, Kannan Srinivasan, Param Singh and Nitin Mehta
      While companies may spend a lot of time testing models before launch, many spend too little time considering how they will work in the wild. In particular, they fail to fully consider how rates of adoption can warp developers’ intent. For instance, Airbnb launched a...  View Details
      Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Algorithmic Bias; Technological Innovation; Perception; Diversity; Equality and Inequality; Trust; AI and Machine Learning
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      Zhang, Shunyuan, Kannan Srinivasan, Param Singh, and Nitin Mehta. "AI Can Help Address Inequity—If Companies Earn Users' Trust." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (September 17, 2021).
      • September 2021
      • Article

      Gender Stereotypes in Deliberation and Team Decisions

      By: Katherine B. Coffman, Clio Bryant Flikkema and Olga Shurchkov
      We explore how groups deliberate and decide on ideas in an experiment with communication. We find that gender biases play a significant role in which group members are chosen to answer on behalf of the group. Conditional on the quality of their ideas, individuals are...  View Details
      Keywords: Gender Differences; Stereotypes; Teams; Economic Experiments; Gender; Prejudice and Bias; Groups and Teams; Perception
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      Coffman, Katherine B., Clio Bryant Flikkema, and Olga Shurchkov. "Gender Stereotypes in Deliberation and Team Decisions." Games and Economic Behavior 129 (September 2021): 329–349.
      • September 2021
      • Article

      Income More Reliably Predicts Frequent Than Intense Happiness

      By: Jon M. Jachimowicz, Ruo Mo, Adam Eric Greenberg, Bertus Jeronimus and Ashley V. Whillans
      There is widespread consensus that income and subjective well-being are linked, but when and why they are connected is subject to ongoing debate. We draw on prior research that distinguishes between the frequency and intensity of happiness to suggest that higher income...  View Details
      Keywords: Life Satisfaction; Time Use; Happiness; Income; Money; Satisfaction
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      Jachimowicz, Jon M., Ruo Mo, Adam Eric Greenberg, Bertus Jeronimus, and Ashley V. Whillans. "Income More Reliably Predicts Frequent Than Intense Happiness." Social Psychological & Personality Science 12, no. 7 (September 2021): 1294–1306.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Racial Disparities in the Paycheck Protection Program

      By: Sergey Chernenko and David S. Scharfstein
      Using a large sample of Florida restaurants, we document significant racial disparities in borrowing through the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) and investigate the causes of these disparities. Black-owned restaurants are 25% less likely to receive PPP loans....  View Details
      Keywords: Discrimination; Paycheck Protection Program; Economic Injury Disaster Loans; Bank Lending; Nonbank Lending; Banks and Banking; Financing and Loans; Prejudice and Bias; Race
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      Chernenko, Sergey, and David S. Scharfstein. "Racial Disparities in the Paycheck Protection Program." SSRN Working Paper Series, August 2021. (NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29748, February 2022.)
      • June 2021
      • Article

      The Role of Beliefs in Driving Gender Discrimination

      By: Katherine B. Coffman, Christine L. Exley and Muriel Niederle
      While there is ample evidence of discrimination against women in the workplace, it can be difficult to understand what factors contribute to discriminatory behavior. We use an experiment to both document discrimination and unpack its sources. First, we show that, on...  View Details
      Keywords: Gender Discrimination; Behavioral Decision Making; Gender; Attitudes; Prejudice and Bias; Economics; Behavior; Decision Making
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      Coffman, Katherine B., Christine L. Exley, and Muriel Niederle. "The Role of Beliefs in Driving Gender Discrimination." Management Science 67, no. 6 (June 2021).
      • April 2021
      • Case

      Glass-Shattering Leaders: Ilene H. Lang

      By: Boris Groysberg and Colleen Ammerman
      Ilene Lang started her career in technology at a time when the tech sector was new and women had only recently entered the workplace in large numbers. Over the next thirty years, she built a career spanning large and small tech companies, leading global teams and...  View Details
      Keywords: Glass Ceiling; Leadership; Gender; Power and Influence
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      Groysberg, Boris, and Colleen Ammerman. "Glass-Shattering Leaders: Ilene H. Lang." Harvard Business School Case 421-070, April 2021.
      • March 2021
      • Supplement

      Making Impact Investing Markets: IFC (B)

      By: Shawn A. Cole, John Masko and T. Robert Zochowski
      In 2018, Thailand’s Bank of Ayudhya (known as Krungsri), was considering whether to participate in the first issue of a new financial instrument from the International Finance Corporation (IFC), known as a gender bond. Building on the success of the Green Bond program...  View Details
      Keywords: Impact Investment; Development Economics; Developing Countries and Economies; Borrowing and Debt; Credit; Equity; Bonds; Financing and Loans; Growth and Development; Emerging Markets; Non-Governmental Organizations; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Financial Instruments; Gender; Financial Services Industry; Thailand
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      Cole, Shawn A., John Masko, and T. Robert Zochowski. "Making Impact Investing Markets: IFC (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 221-081, March 2021.
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