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- February 2021
- Technical Note
Probability Distributions
By: Michael Parzen and Paul J. Hamilton
This technical note introduces students to the concept of random variables, and from there the normal and binomial distributions. After a brief introduction to random variables, the note describes the standard properties of the normal distribution: a single peak, and a...
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- February 2021
- Article
Assessment of Electronic Health Record Use Between U.S. and Non-U.S. Health Systems
By: A Jay Holmgren, Lance Downing, David W. Bates, Tait D. Shanafelt, Arnold Milstein, Christopher Sharp, David Cutler, Robert S. Huckman and Kevin A. Schulman
Importance: Understanding how the electronic health record (EHR) system changes clinician work, productivity, and well-being is critical. Little is known regarding global variation in patterns of use.
Objective: To provide insights into which EHR... View Details
Objective: To provide insights into which EHR... View Details
Keywords:
Electronic Health Records;
Health Care And Treatment;
Online Technology;
Health Industry;
Information Technology Industry
Holmgren, A Jay, Lance Downing, David W. Bates, Tait D. Shanafelt, Arnold Milstein, Christopher Sharp, David Cutler, Robert S. Huckman, and Kevin A. Schulman. "Assessment of Electronic Health Record Use Between U.S. and Non-U.S. Health Systems." JAMA Internal Medicine 181, no. 2 (February 2021): 251–259.
- January 2021
- Article
Machine Learning for Pattern Discovery in Management Research
By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Ryan Allen and Michael G. Endres
Supervised machine learning (ML) methods are a powerful toolkit for discovering robust patterns in quantitative data. The patterns identified by ML could be used for exploratory inductive or abductive research, or for post-hoc analysis of regression results to detect...
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Keywords:
Machine Learning;
Supervised Machine Learning;
Induction;
Abduction;
Exploratory Data Analysis;
Pattern Discovery;
Decision Trees;
Random Forests;
Neural Networks;
Roc Curve;
Confusion Matrix;
Partial Dependence Plots
Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Ryan Allen, and Michael G. Endres. "Machine Learning for Pattern Discovery in Management Research." Strategic Management Journal 42, no. 1 (January 2021): 30–57.
- January 2021
- Article
The Effects of Menu Costs on Retail Performance: Evidence from Adoption of the Electronic Shelf Label Technology
By: Ioannis Stamatopoulos, Achal Bassamboo and Antonio Moreno
We use the adoption of electronic shelf labels (ESLs) by an international grocery retailer in 2015 to identify the effects of physical menu costs (i.e., labor and material costs of price adjustment) on retail performance. We find that the installation of ESLs increased...
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Keywords:
Retail Operations;
Dynamic Pricing;
Revenue Management;
Operations;
Price;
Revenue;
Management;
Retail Industry
Stamatopoulos, Ioannis, Achal Bassamboo, and Antonio Moreno. "The Effects of Menu Costs on Retail Performance: Evidence from Adoption of the Electronic Shelf Label Technology." Management Science 67, no. 1 (January 2021): 242–256.
- June 2020
- Background Note
Customer Management Dynamics and Cohort Analysis
By: Elie Ofek, Barak Libai and Eitan Muller
The digital revolution has allowed companies to amass considerable amounts of data on their customers. Using this information to generate actionable insights is fast becoming a critical skill that firms must master if they wish to effectively compete and win in today’s...
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Keywords:
Cohort Analysis;
Customers;
Data And Data Sets;
Segmentation;
Analysis;
Customer Value And Value Chain
Ofek, Elie, Barak Libai, and Eitan Muller. "Customer Management Dynamics and Cohort Analysis." Harvard Business School Background Note 520-122, June 2020.
- Article
The Impact of Penalties for Wrong Answers on the Gender Gap in Test Scores
By: Katherine B. Coffman and David Klinowski
Multiple-choice exams play a critical role in university admissions across the world. A key question is whether imposing penalties for wrong answers on these exams deters guessing from women more than men, disadvantaging female test-takers. We consider data from a...
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Coffman, Katherine B., and David Klinowski. "The Impact of Penalties for Wrong Answers on the Gender Gap in Test Scores." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 16 (April 21, 2020): 8794–8803.
- 2020
- Article
The Upside to Feeling Worse Than Average (WTA): A Conceptual Framework to Understand When, How, and for Whom Worse-Than-Average Beliefs Have Long-Term Benefits
By: Ashley V. Whillans, Frances Chen and Alex Jordan
Our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are shaped in critical ways by our beliefs about how we compare to other people. Past research has predominantly focused on the consequences of believing oneself to be better than average (BTA). Research on the consequences of...
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Keywords:
Worse Than Average;
Better Than Average;
Social Cognition;
Self-perception;
Social Comparisons;
Identity;
Perception;
Personal Characteristics
Whillans, Ashley V., Frances Chen, and Alex Jordan. "The Upside to Feeling Worse Than Average (WTA): A Conceptual Framework to Understand When, How, and for Whom Worse-Than-Average Beliefs Have Long-Term Benefits." Frontiers in Psychology 11, no. 642 (2020).
- 2020
- Chapter
Team Reflexivity
By: Michaéla Schippers, Amy C. Edmondson and Michael A. West
Many teams face the problem of process loss, or suboptimal functioning, with sometimes serious consequences, such as medical errors. Team reflexivity—a deliberate process of discussing team goals, processes, or outcomes—can aid in optimizing team performance. In the...
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Keywords:
Team Reflexivity;
Groups And Teams;
performance Improvement;
Information;
Goals And Objectives;
Learning
Schippers, Michaéla, Amy C. Edmondson, and Michael A. West. "Team Reflexivity." In The Oxford Handbook of Group and Organizational Learning, edited by Linda Argote and John M. Levine. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2020.
- January 2020
- Article
Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing to Demonstrate Value in Perioperative Care: Recommendations and Review from the Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement
By: O. Allin, RD Urman, AF Edwards, JD Blitz, KJ Pfeifer, TW Feeley and AM Bader
A shift in health care payment models from volume toward value-based incentives will require deliberate input into systems development from both perioperative clinicians and administrators to ensure appropriate recognition of the value of all services...
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Keywords:
Value-based Health Care;
Outcomes;
Time-driven Activity-based Costing;
Health Care And Treatment;
Cost Management;
Value;
Activity Based Costing And Management
Allin, O., RD Urman, AF Edwards, JD Blitz, KJ Pfeifer, TW Feeley, and AM Bader. "Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing to Demonstrate Value in Perioperative Care: Recommendations and Review from the Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement." Journal of Medical Systems 44, no. 1 (January 2020).
- December 2019
- Article
It Helps to Ask: The Cumulative Benefits of Asking Follow-up Questions
By: Michael Yeomans, Alison Wood Brooks, Karen Huang, Julia A. Minson and Francesca Gino
In a recent article published in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JPSP; Huang, Yeomans, Brooks, Minson, & Gino, 2017), we reported the results of 2 experiments involving “getting acquainted” conversations among strangers and an observational field...
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Yeomans, Michael, Alison Wood Brooks, Karen Huang, Julia A. Minson, and Francesca Gino. "It Helps to Ask: The Cumulative Benefits of Asking Follow-up Questions." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 117, no. 6 (December 2019): 1139–1144.
- September 2019 (Revised January 2021)
- Supplement
pymetrics: Rapid Growth
By: John R. Wells and Benjamin Weinstock
In August 2018, pymetrics, a solution offering neuroscience-based recruiting tests, closed a $40 million funding round that valued the business at $160 million. Over 60 companies around the globe were using pymetrics tests in their recruiting process, including...
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Keywords:
Braintech;
Psychodynamics;
Psychology;
Hiring Of Employees;
Hiring;
Strategic Evolution;
Strategy And Execution;
Startup;
Start-up;
Startups;
Start-ups;
Entrepreneur;
Employment;
Bias;
Rapid Growth Stage;
Recruitment;
Selection And Staffing;
Strategy;
Business Startups;
Growth And Development Strategy;
Global Strategy
Wells, John R., and Benjamin Weinstock. "pymetrics: Rapid Growth." Harvard Business School Supplement 720-376, September 2019. (Revised January 2021.)
- 2019
- Working Paper
Framing Feedback Giving as Advice Giving Yields More Critical and Actionable Input
When looking to improve workplace performance, people often seek third-party input by asking for feedback. However, we propose that asking for feedback might not be the most effective way of soliciting critical and actionable input. We offer a simple yet powerful...
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Keywords:
Feedback;
Advice;
Personal Development;
Evaluative Mindset;
performance Improvement;
Personal Development And Career
Yoon, Jaewon, Hayley Blunden, Ariella Kristal, and A.V. Whillans. "Framing Feedback Giving as Advice Giving Yields More Critical and Actionable Input." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-021, August 2019.
- 2020
- Working Paper
Digital Experimentation and Startup Performance: Evidence from A/B Testing
By: Rembrand Koning, Sharique Hasan and Aaron Chatterji
Recent work argues that experimentation is the appropriate framework for entrepreneurial strategy. We investigate this proposition by exploiting the time-varying adoption of A/B testing technology, which has drastically reduced the cost of experimentally testing...
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Keywords:
Experimentation;
A/b Testing;
Data-driven Decision-making;
Entrepreneurship;
Strategy;
Business Startups;
Technology;
performance
Koning, Rembrand, Sharique Hasan, and Aaron Chatterji. "Digital Experimentation and Startup Performance: Evidence from A/B Testing." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-018, August 2019. (Revised September 2020. SSRN Working Paper Series, No. 3440291, August 2019)
- May 2019
- Supplement
Kjell and Company: Motivating Salespeople with Incentive Compensation (C)
By: Doug J. Chung
Kjell & Company was a Swedish retail electronics chain. The company’s products consisted of home electronics and accessories. The company was noted for its excellent customer service and a fair “one-for-all” HR policy. Historically, the salespeople had been compensated...
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Keywords:
Salesforce Management;
Compensation And Benefits;
Change Management;
Behavior;
Electronics Industry;
Sweden
Chung, Doug J. "Kjell and Company: Motivating Salespeople with Incentive Compensation (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 519-095, May 2019.
- May 2019
- Supplement
Kjell and Company: Motivating Salespeople with Incentive Compensation (D)
By: Doug J. Chung
Kjell & Company was a Swedish retail electronics chain. The company’s products consisted of home electronics and accessories. The company was noted for its excellent customer service and a fair “one-for-all” HR policy. Historically, the salespeople had been compensated...
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Keywords:
Salesforce Management;
Compensation And Benefits;
Motivation And Incentives;
Change Management;
Behavior;
Electronics Industry;
Sweden
Chung, Doug J. "Kjell and Company: Motivating Salespeople with Incentive Compensation (D)." Harvard Business School Supplement 519-096, May 2019.
- Article
Use of Crowd Innovation to Develop an Artificial Intelligence-Based Solution for Radiation Therapy Targeting
By: Raymond H. Mak, Michael G. Endres, Jin Hyun Paik, Rinat A. Sergeev, Hugo Aerts, Christopher L. Williams, Karim R. Lakhani and Eva C. Guinan
Importance: Radiation therapy (RT) is a critical cancer treatment, but the existing radiation oncologist work force does not meet growing global demand. One key physician task in RT planning involves tumor segmentation for targeting, which requires substantial...
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Keywords:
Crowdsourcing;
Ai Algorithms;
Health Care And Treatment;
Collaborative Innovation And Invention
Mak, Raymond H., Michael G. Endres, Jin Hyun Paik, Rinat A. Sergeev, Hugo Aerts, Christopher L. Williams, Karim R. Lakhani, and Eva C. Guinan. "Use of Crowd Innovation to Develop an Artificial Intelligence-Based Solution for Radiation Therapy Targeting." doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.0159. JAMA Oncology 5, no. 5 (May 2019): 654–661.
- March 2019
- Article
Open Source Software and Firm Productivity
By: Frank Nagle
As open source software (OSS) is increasingly used as a key input by firms, understanding its impact on productivity becomes critical. This study measures the firm-level productivity impact of nonpecuniary (free) OSS and finds a positive and significant value-added...
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Keywords:
Software;
Open Source Distribution;
performance Productivity;
Information Technology;
Strategy
Nagle, Frank. "Open Source Software and Firm Productivity." Management Science 65, no. 3 (March 2019): 1191–1215.
- February 2019 (Revised July 2019)
- Case
Sales Force Management at Nobel Ilac
By: Doug J. Chung and Gamze Yucaoglu
Nobel Ilac was a Turkish generic pharmaceutical company marketing more than 100 drugs in 20 countries and, as of 2017, had over 2,500 employees worldwide. Nobel had implemented a transformation strategy—more specifically, a customer segmentation plan—whereby the sales...
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Keywords:
Sales Strategy;
Compensation;
Employee Retention;
Recruiting;
Pharmaceuticals;
Salesforce Management;
Strategy;
Organizational Design;
Human Resources;
Compensation And Benefits;
Employees;
Retention;
Recruitment;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
Turkey
Chung, Doug J., and Gamze Yucaoglu. "Sales Force Management at Nobel Ilac." Harvard Business School Case 519-067, February 2019. (Revised July 2019.)
- 2020
- Working Paper
Team Learning and Superior Firm Performance: A Meso-Level Perspective on Dynamic Capabilities
By: Jean-François Harvey, Henrik Bresman, Amy C. Edmondson and Gary P. Pisano
This paper proposes a team-based, meso-level perspective on dynamic capabilities. We argue that team-learning routines constitute a critical link between managerial cognition and organization-level processes of sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring. We draw from the...
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Keywords:
Dynamic Capabilities;
Innovation;
Strategic Change;
Teams;
Team Learning;
Groups And Teams;
Learning;
Innovation And Invention;
Change;
performance
Harvey, Jean-François, Henrik Bresman, Amy C. Edmondson, and Gary P. Pisano. "Team Learning and Superior Firm Performance: A Meso-Level Perspective on Dynamic Capabilities." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-059, December 2018. (Revised January 2020.)
- Article
Why Grit Requires Perseverance and Passion to Positively Predict Performance
By: Jon M. Jachimowicz, Andreas Wihler, Erica R. Bailey and Adam D. Galinsky
Prior studies linking grit—defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals—to performance are beset by contradictory evidence. As a result, commentators have increasingly declared that grit has limited effects. We propose that this inconsistent evidence has...
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Keywords:
Grit;
Perseverance;
Passion;
performance;
Motivation;
Personal Characteristics;
Emotions;
performance;
Motivation And Incentives
Jachimowicz, Jon M., Andreas Wihler, Erica R. Bailey, and Adam D. Galinsky. "Why Grit Requires Perseverance and Passion to Positively Predict Performance." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 40 (October 2, 2018): 9980–9985.