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      • August 2023
      • Article

      Do Rating Agencies Behave Defensively for Higher Risk Issuers?

      By: Samuel B. Bonsall IV, Kevin Koharki, Pepa Kraft, Karl A. Muller III and Anywhere Sikochi
      We examine whether rating agencies act defensively toward issuers with a higher likelihood of default. We find that agencies' qualitative soft rating adjustments are more accurate as issuers' default risk grows, as evidenced by the adjustments leading to lower Type I...  View Details
      Keywords: Credit Rating Agencies; Soft Rating Adjustments; Default; Credit; Performance Evaluation; Measurement and Metrics; Financial Institutions; Risk Management
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      Bonsall, Samuel B., IV, Kevin Koharki, Pepa Kraft, Karl A. Muller III, and Anywhere Sikochi. "Do Rating Agencies Behave Defensively for Higher Risk Issuers?" Management Science 69, no. 8 (August 2023): 4864–4887.
      • July 2023 (Revised August 2023)
      • Case

      Revenue Recognition at Stride Funding: Making Sense of Revenues for a Fintech Startup

      By: Paul M. Healy and Jung Koo Kang
      The case explores the challenges of revenue recognition and financial reporting for Stride Funding (Stride), a fintech startup that has disrupted the student loan market. Stride leveraged proprietary machine learning and financial models to underwrite alternative...  View Details
      Keywords: Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Healy, Paul M., and Jung Koo Kang. "Revenue Recognition at Stride Funding: Making Sense of Revenues for a Fintech Startup." Harvard Business School Case 124-015, July 2023. (Revised August 2023.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      The Credit Supply Channel of Monetary Policy Tightening and Its Distributional Impacts

      By: Joshua Bosshardt, Marco Di Maggio, Ali Kakhbod and Amir Kermani
      This paper studies how tightening monetary policy transmits to the economy through the mortgage market and sheds new light on the distributional consequences at both the individual and regional levels. We find that credit supply factors, specifically restrictions on...  View Details
      Keywords: Policy; Borrowing and Debt; Credit; Mortgages; Macroeconomics
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      Bosshardt, Joshua, Marco Di Maggio, Ali Kakhbod, and Amir Kermani. "The Credit Supply Channel of Monetary Policy Tightening and Its Distributional Impacts." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 31464, July 2023.
      • June 2023
      • Supplement

      Clash of Two Giants Simulation Exercise

      By: Feng Zhu and Marco Iansiti
      Many markets are organized around platforms that connect consumers with complementary applications and services. These platforms are two-sided because both sides - consumers and those providing applications or services - need access to the same platform to interact. A...  View Details
      Keywords: Customer Acquisition; Network Effects; Platform Strategy; Technology Platform; Digital Platforms; Competitive Strategy
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      Zhu, Feng, and Marco Iansiti. "Clash of Two Giants Simulation Exercise." Harvard Business School PowerPoint Supplement 623-717, June 2023.
      • June 2023
      • Exercise

      Clash of Two Giants Simulation Exercise Instructions

      By: Feng Zhu and Marco Iansiti
      Many markets are organized around platforms that connect consumers with complimentary applications and services. These platforms are two-sided because both sides - consumers and those providing applications or services - need access to the same platform to interact. ...  View Details
      Keywords: Platform Strategies; Network Effects; Technology Platform; Customer Acquisition
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      Zhu, Feng, and Marco Iansiti. "Clash of Two Giants Simulation Exercise Instructions." Harvard Business School Exercise 623-092, June 2023.
      • June 2023 (Revised August 2023)
      • Teaching Note

      Clash of Two Giants Simulation Exercise Teaching Note

      By: Feng Zhu
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 623-092. Many markets are organized around platforms that connect consumers with complimentary applications and services. These platforms are two-sided because both sides - consumers and those providing applications or services - need...  View Details
      Keywords: Platform Strategy; Customer Acquisition; Network Effects; Technology Platform; Competitive Strategy
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      Zhu, Feng. "Clash of Two Giants Simulation Exercise Teaching Note." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 623-093, June 2023. (Revised August 2023.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Insufficiently Justified Disparate Impact: A New Criterion for Subgroup Fairness

      By: Neil Menghani, Edward McFowland III and Daniel B. Neill
      In this paper, we develop a new criterion, "insufficiently justified disparate impact" (IJDI), for assessing whether recommendations (binarized predictions) made by an algorithmic decision support tool are fair. Our novel, utility-based IJDI criterion evaluates false...  View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Forecasting and Prediction; Prejudice and Bias
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      Menghani, Neil, Edward McFowland III, and Daniel B. Neill. "Insufficiently Justified Disparate Impact: A New Criterion for Subgroup Fairness." Working Paper, June 2023.
      • June 2023
      • Case

      Accounting for Loan Losses at JPMorgan Chase: Predicting Credit Costs

      By: Jonas Heese, Jung Koo Kang and James Weber
      The case examines the accounting for loan losses at a large bank, how a bank sets its Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (ALLL) on its financial statements. ALLL, and the rules that set them, determine when banks would and would not extend loans, which significantly...  View Details
      Keywords: Financial Statements; Financial Reporting; Banks and Banking; Financing and Loans; Banking Industry; United States
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      Heese, Jonas, Jung Koo Kang, and James Weber. "Accounting for Loan Losses at JPMorgan Chase: Predicting Credit Costs." Harvard Business School Case 123-042, June 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Digital Lending and Financial Well-Being: Through the Lens of Mobile Phone Data

      By: AJ Chen, Omri Even-Tov, Jung Koo Kang and Regina Wittenberg-Moerman
      By leveraging machine-learning algorithms and using nontraditional digital data derived primarily from borrowers’ mobile devices, digital lenders have vastly expanded access to credit in developing economies for millions of individuals without a prior credit history....  View Details
      Keywords: Borrowing and Debt; Credit; AI and Machine Learning; Welfare; Well-being; Developing Countries and Economies
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      Chen, AJ, Omri Even-Tov, Jung Koo Kang, and Regina Wittenberg-Moerman. "Digital Lending and Financial Well-Being: Through the Lens of Mobile Phone Data." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-076, April 2023. (Revised June 2023. SSRN Working Paper Series, April 2023)
      • June 2023
      • Article

      Why Is Dollar Debt Cheaper? Evidence from Peru

      By: Bryan Gutiérrez, Victoria Ivashina and Juliana Salomao
      In emerging markets, a significant share of corporate loans are denominated in dollars. Using novel data that enables us to see currency and the cost of credit, in addition to several other transaction-level characteristics, we re-examine the reasons behind dollar...  View Details
      Keywords: Emerging Market Corporate Debt; Currency Mismatch; Liability Dollarization; Carry Trade; Currency; Emerging Markets; Borrowing and Debt; Interest Rates; Peru
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      Gutiérrez, Bryan, Victoria Ivashina, and Juliana Salomao. "Why Is Dollar Debt Cheaper? Evidence from Peru." Journal of Financial Economics 148, no. 3 (June 2023): 245–272.
      • May 2023
      • Article

      Decarbonizing Health Care: Engaging Leaders in Change

      By: Vivian S. Lee, Kathy Gerwig, Emily Hough, Kedar Mate, Robert Biggio and Robert S. Kaplan
      Health care leaders are often surprised to learn that their operations contribute significantly to a warming climate. In addition to their roles as responders to and victims of extreme weather events, health care organizations have an obligation to reduce...  View Details
      Keywords: Health Care; Decarbonization; Carbon Emissions; Net-zero Emissions; Climate Change; Health Care and Treatment; Health Industry
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      Lee, Vivian S., Kathy Gerwig, Emily Hough, Kedar Mate, Robert Biggio, and Robert S. Kaplan. "Decarbonizing Health Care: Engaging Leaders in Change." NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery 4, no. 5 (May 2023).
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Applications or Approvals: What Drives Racial Disparities in the Paycheck Protection Program?

      By: Sergey Chernenko, Nathan Kaplan, Asani Sarkar and David S. Scharfstein
      We use the 2020 Small Business Credit Survey to study the sources of racial disparities in use of the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP). Black-owned firms are 8.9 percentage points less likely than observably similar white-owned firms to receive PPP loans. About 55% of...  View Details
      Keywords: Borrowing and Debt; Small Business; Race; Financing and Loans
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      Chernenko, Sergey, Nathan Kaplan, Asani Sarkar, and David S. Scharfstein. "Applications or Approvals: What Drives Racial Disparities in the Paycheck Protection Program?" NBER Working Paper Series, No. 31172, April 2023.
      • April 2023
      • Article

      The Real Exchange Rate, Innovation and Productivity

      By: Laura Alfaro, Alejandro Cuñat, Harald Fadinger and Yanping Liu
      We evaluate manufacturing firms' responses to changes in the real exchange rate (RER) using detailed firm-level data for a large set of countries for the period 2001-2010. We uncover the following stylized facts about regional variation of manufacturing firms'...  View Details
      Keywords: Real Exchange Rate; Firm Level Data; Innovation; Productivity; Exporting; Importing; Credit Constraints; Currency Exchange Rate; Innovation and Invention; Performance Productivity
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      Alfaro, Laura, Alejandro Cuñat, Harald Fadinger, and Yanping Liu. "The Real Exchange Rate, Innovation and Productivity." Journal of the European Economic Association 21, no. 2 (April 2023): 637–689.
      • February 2023 (Revised May 2023)
      • Case

      Accelerating the Accelerator: Raja Al Mazrouei at DIFC Fintech Hive

      By: Linda A. Hill, Emily Tedards and Lydia Begag
      In January 2023, Raja Al Mazrouei became the Managing Director and Acting CEO of Etihad Credit Insurance (ECI) in Dubai, UAE. In her previous role as the Executive Vice President of the DIFC Fintech Hive, she successfully built and led an accelerator program for...  View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure; Management; Strategy; Technology Adoption; Information Infrastructure; Financial Management; Financial Strategy; Technological Innovation; Digital Marketing; Digital Strategy; Digital Transformation; Global Strategy; Globalized Markets and Industries; Banks and Banking; Corporate Finance; Leadership; Leadership Development; Leadership Style; Financial Services Industry; Technology Industry; Banking Industry; Middle East; Singapore; London; United Arab Emirates; Dubai
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      Hill, Linda A., Emily Tedards, and Lydia Begag. "Accelerating the Accelerator: Raja Al Mazrouei at DIFC Fintech Hive." Harvard Business School Case 423-064, February 2023. (Revised May 2023.)
      • February 2023
      • Article

      Disruption and Credit Markets

      By: Bo Becker and Victoria Ivashina
      We show that over the past half century innovative disruptions were central to understanding corporate defaults. In a given year, industries experiencing abnormally high VC or IPO activity subsequently see higher default rates, higher segment exits by conglomerates,...  View Details
      Keywords: Default; Corporate Bonds; Disruption; Corporate Finance; Bonds
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      Becker, Bo, and Victoria Ivashina. "Disruption and Credit Markets." Journal of Finance 78, no. 1 (February 2023): 105–139.
      • February 2023
      • Article

      OTC Intermediaries

      By: Andrea L. Eisfeldt, Bernard Herskovic, Sriram Rajan and Emil Siriwardane
      We study the effect of dealer exit on prices and quantities in a model of an over-the-counter (OTC) market featuring a core-periphery network with bilateral trading costs. The model is calibrated using regulatory data on the entire U.S. credit default swap (CDS) market...  View Details
      Keywords: OTC Markets; Intermediaries; Dealers; Credit Default Swaps; Risk Sharing; Financial Markets; Networks; Price; Risk and Uncertainty
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      Eisfeldt, Andrea L., Bernard Herskovic, Sriram Rajan, and Emil Siriwardane. "OTC Intermediaries." Review of Financial Studies 36, no. 2 (February 2023): 615–677.
      • January 2023
      • Case

      EKI Energy Services: One Billion Carbon Credits

      By: George Serafeim
      Within nine months from the time of its Initial Public Offering (IPO) in April of 2021, EKI Energy Services (EKI) shares had increased by more than 8,000%. Equally explosive was the growth of the company’s revenues and Earnings Before Interest, Taxes and Depreciation...  View Details
      Keywords: Carbon Credits; Carbon Emissions; Growth; Business Analysis; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Valuation; Climate Change; Accounting; Valuation; Transition; Renewable Energy; Analysis; Product Positioning; India
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      Serafeim, George. "EKI Energy Services: One Billion Carbon Credits." Harvard Business School Case 123-060, January 2023.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Credit and the Family: The Economic Consequences of Closing the Credit Gap of U.S. Couples

      By: Olivia S. Kim
      Closing disparities in credit access between spouses can help reduce consumption inequality in the household. The 2013 reversal of the Truth-in-Lending Act increased the borrowing capacity of secondary earners in equitable-distribution states but not in...  View Details
      Keywords: Household; Credit; Equality and Inequality; Income; Policy; Family and Family Relationships
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      Kim, Olivia S. "Credit and the Family: The Economic Consequences of Closing the Credit Gap of U.S. Couples." Working Paper, December 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Pay-As-You-Go Insurance: Experimental Evidence on Consumer Demand and Behavior

      By: Ray Kluender
      Pay-as-you-go contracts reduce minimum purchase requirements which may increase market participation. We randomize the introduction and price(s) of a novel pay-as-you-go contract to the California auto insurance market where 17 percent of drivers are uninsured. The...  View Details
      Keywords: Contracts; Market Participation; Consumer Behavior; Price; Insurance Industry
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      Kluender, Ray. "Pay-As-You-Go Insurance: Experimental Evidence on Consumer Demand and Behavior." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-030, December 2022.
      • November 10, 2022
      • Article

      5 Ways Startups Can Prepare for a Recession

      By: Lou Shipley
      Startups face unique challenges during economic downturns. They typically aren’t yet profitable and so are reliant on outside funding—and therefore are especially exposed when macroeconomic conditions change. To make it through a recession, startup CEOs should hit the...  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Organizational Culture; Sales; Customer Focus and Relationships; Decisions; Inflation and Deflation; Financial Crisis; Employee Relationship Management; Business Startups; Credit
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      Shipley, Lou. "5 Ways Startups Can Prepare for a Recession." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (November 10, 2022).
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