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American Airlines' strategy in the 1990s calls for continued growth, improvements in customer service, and cost reduction. Central to cost reduction...
This note discusses methods for reducing costs, particularly labor costs, in a financially distressed organization.
- July, 2021
- Article
The Economic Consequences of Bankruptcy Reform
By: Tal Gross, Ray Kluender, Feng Liu, Matthew J. Notowidigdo and Jialan Wang
A more generous consumer bankruptcy system provides greater insurance against financial risks but may also raise the cost of credit. We study this trade-off using the 2005 Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act (BAPCPA), which increased the costs of...
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- 2021
- Working Paper
Financial Flexibility and Corporate Employment
By: Rebecca Lester, Ethan Rouen and Braden Williams
We study the role of financial flexibility on COVID-19 employment actions. Using daily data from March through May 2020 for 354 of the largest U.S. employers, we find that firms facing a negative demand shock were 28.8 percentage points more likely to reduce their...
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Keywords:
Financial Flexibility;
COVID-19;
Pandemic;
Employment;
Health Pandemics;
System Shocks;
Finance
- March 2021
- Article
The Impact of the General Data Protection Regulation on Internet Interconnection
By: Ran Zhuo, Bradley Huffaker, KC Claffy and Shane Greenstein
The Internet comprises thousands of independently operated networks, where bilaterally negotiated interconnection agreements determine the flow of data between networks. The European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) imposes strict restrictions on...
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- 2021
- Working Paper
The Effects of Local Government Financial Distress: Evidence from Toxic Loans
By: Boris Vallée and Julien Sauvagnat
We examine the response from both local governments and their voters to a sudden increase in public debt burden. We exploit plausibly exogenous variation in the ex post cost of toxic loans, a notorious financial innovation adopted by a large number of local governments....
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- 2021
- Working Paper
The Health Costs of Cost-Sharing
By: Amitabh Chandra, Evan Flack and Ziad Obermeyer
We use the design of Medicare’s prescription drug benefit program to demonstrate three facts about the health consequences of cost-sharing. First, we show that an as-if-random increase of 33.6% in out-of-pocket price (11.0 percentage points (p.p.) change in...
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- January 2021
- Supplement
Aster DM Healthcare: Budget Exercise
By: V.G. Narayanan and Amy Klopfenstein
In April 2020, Alisha Moopen, Deputy Managing Director of Aster DM Healthcare, a network of clinics, hospitals, and pharmacies in the Middle East and India, must create her company’s budget for the 2021 fiscal year in light of the onset of Covid-19. The pandemic had...
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Keywords:
Decision Making;
Decisions;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Judgments;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Cost vs Benefits;
Finance;
Borrowing and Debt;
Financial Institutions;
Banks and Banking;
Financial Condition;
Financial Liquidity;
Accounting;
Budgets and Budgeting;
Management;
Crisis Management;
Health Pandemics;
Health Industry;
Asia;
India;
United Arab Emirates;
Dubai
- January 2021
- Case
Aster DM Healthcare: Budgeting for a Crisis
By: V.G. Narayanan and Amy Klopfenstein
In April 2020, Alisha Moopen, Deputy Managing Director of Aster DM Healthcare, a network of clinics, hospitals, and pharmacies in the Middle East and India, must create her company’s budget for the 2021 fiscal year in light of the onset of Covid-19. The pandemic had...
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- January 2021
- Article
The Effects of Menu Costs on Retail Performance: Evidence from Adoption of the Electronic Shelf Label Technology
By: Ioannis Stamatopoulos, Achal Bassamboo and Antonio Moreno
We use the adoption of electronic shelf labels (ESLs) by an international grocery retailer in 2015 to identify the effects of physical menu costs (i.e., labor and material costs of price adjustment) on retail performance. We find that the installation of ESLs increased...
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- December 2020 (Revised June 2021)
- Case
Komatsu and Smart Construction
By: Rajiv Lal, David J. Collis and Akiko Saito
Komatsu, Japan's leading construction equipment manufacturer, is considering investing in a digital platform "Smart Construction" that will digitise the entire work process on a construction site, allowing for substantial reductions in cost and time while improving...
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- 2020
- Working Paper
Translating Information into Action: A Public Health Experiment in Bangladesh
By: Reshmaan Hussam, Kailash Pandey, Abu Shonchoy and Chikako Yamauchi
Standard models of technology adoption posit learning as the basis of adoption. However, hygiene campaigns centered around information provision have been overwhelmingly unsuccessful in changing behavior and improving child health across the developing world. We design...
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- September 2020 (Revised June 2021)
- Case
Algramo
By: Michael Chu, Monica Silva and Mariana Cal
Founded in 2013 by José Manuel Moller in Chile, Algramo first became known for addressing the “poverty tax” (the surcharge paid by lower income families for staples sold in smaller sizes) through specially-designed dispensers in low-income neighborhood grocery stores...
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Keywords:
Packaging-as-a-wallet;
Plastic Waste;
Business At The Base Of The Pyramid;
Reusable Packaging;
Alliances With FMCGs To Meet ESG Goals;
Social Entrepreneurship;
Environmental Sustainability;
Strategy;
Value Creation;
Goals and Objectives;
Business Model;
Consumer Products Industry;
Latin America;
South America;
Chile
- July 2020
- Article
Lessons from the Impact of Price Regulation on the Pricing of Anticancer Drugs in Germany
By: Victoria D. Lauenroth, Aaron S. Kesselheim, Ameet Sarpatwari and Ariel Dora Stern
Worldwide spending on prescription drugs has increased dramatically in recent years. Although this increase has been particularly pronounced in the U.S., it remains largely unaddressed there. In Europe, however, different approaches to regulating drug prices have been...
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- Article
Treatment Of Opioid Use Disorder Among Commercially Insured U.S. Adults, 2008–17
By: Karen Shen, Eric Barrette and Leemore S. Dafny
There is abundant literature on efforts to reduce opioid prescriptions and misuse, but comparatively little on the treatment provided to people with opioid use disorder (OUD). Using claims data representing 12–15 million nonelderly adults covered through commercial...
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- 2021
- Working Paper
Local Shocks and Internal Migration: The Disparate Effects of Robots and Chinese Imports in the US
By: Marius Faber, Andres Sarto and Marco Tabellini
Migration has long been considered one of the key mechanisms through which labor markets adjust to economic shocks. In this paper, we analyze the migration response of American workers to two of the most important shocks that hit US manufacturing since the late 1990s...
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- 2019
- Working Paper
The Impact of the General Data Protection Regulation on Internet Interconnection
By: Ran Zhuo, Bradley Huffaker, KC Claffy and Shane Greenstein
The Internet comprises thousands of independently operated networks, where bilaterally negotiated interconnection agreements determine the flow of data between networks. The European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) imposes strict restrictions on...
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- Article
Achieving Value in Highly Complex Acute Care: Lessons from the Delivery of Extra Corporeal Life Support
By: Michael Nurok, Jonathan Warsh, Erik Dong, Jeffrey Lopez, Mayumi Kharabi and Robert S. Kaplan
We applied a value (outcomes and cost) analysis to extracorporeal life support (ECLS), a relatively rare but very expensive ICU therapy with highly variable outcomes. To address the outcome component of the value approach, we created guidelines for ECLS delivery; to...
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- 2010
- Article
Estimating the Attributable Cost of Physician Burnout in the United States
By: Shasha Han, Tait D. Shanafelt, Christine A. Sinsky, Karim M. Awad, Liselotte N. Dyrbye, Lynne C. Fiscus, Mickey Trockel and Joel Goh
Background: Although physician burnout is associated with negative clinical and organizational outcomes, its economic costs are poorly understood. As a result, leaders in health care cannot properly assess the financial benefits of initiatives to remediate...
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Keywords:
Physicians;
Burnout;
Health;
Health Care and Treatment;
Employees;
Cost;
Programs;
Policy;
Health Industry
- March 2019 (Revised October 2020)
- Case
GENTERA: Facing the Digital Age
By: Michael Chu and Carla Larangeira
After long dominating Mexican microfinance, Compartamos Banco faces the emergence of fintech, just as for the first time its loan portfolio and clients have declined. Enrique Majós, CEO of GENTERA, the bank´s parent company, is keenly aware of the profound changes...
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- August 28, 2018
- Article
How Intermittent Breaks in Interaction Improve Collective Intelligence
By: Ethan Bernstein, Jesse Shore and David Lazer
People influence each other when they interact to solve problems. Such social influence introduces both benefits (higher average solution quality due to exploitation of existing answers through social learning) and costs (lower maximum solution quality due to a...
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Keywords:
Transparency;
Social Influence;
Collective Intelligence;
Interaction;
Problem Solving;
Collaboration;
Intermittant;
Breaks;
Always On;
Communication Technologies;
Communication;
Design;
Information;
Management;
Leadership;
Organizational Design;
Organizational Structure;
Performance;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Information Technology
- May–June 2018
- Article
Layoffs That Don't Break Your Company: Better Approaches to Workforce Transition
By: Sandra J. Sucher and Shalene Gupta
Today layoffs have become companies’ default response to the challenges created by advances in technology and global competition. Yet research shows that job cuts rarely help senior leaders achieve their goals. Too often, they’re done for short-term gain, but the cost...
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