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Publications
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- 2023
- Working Paper
Learning by Investing: Entrepreneurial Spillovers from Venture Capital
By: Josh Lerner, Jinlin Li and Tong Liu
This paper studies how investing in venture capital (VC) affects the entrepreneurial outcomes of individual limited partners (LPs). Using comprehensive administrative data on entrepreneurial activities and VC fundraising and investments in China, we first document that...
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- November 2023
- Background Note
Corporate Climate Targets
By: Willy C. Shih, Michael W. Toffel and Kelsey Carter
Companies that are addressing climate change by mitigating their greenhouse gas emissions oftern set reduction targets. This note describes several types of widely-used carbon reduction targets, including carbon neutral, science based, net zero, real zero, and carbon...
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- November 2023
- Case
Tata Group in 2021: Pursuing Profits through Purpose
By: Tarun Khanna, Krishna G. Palepu and Vidhya Muthuram
October 8, 2021: Tata Sons won a bid to acquire India’s national carrier Air India, marking the airline's return to its original owners after 68 long years. The winning bid of $2.4 billion gave Tata Sons full ownership of the airline and its coveted network of 6,200...
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- November 2023
- Case
Votorantim: Uniting Family and Business Across Generations
By: Christina R. Wing, Carla Larangeira and Pedro Levindo
Over a 105-year span, the Ermírio de Moraes family built Votorantim, one of Latin America’s largest industrial conglomerates, and among Brazil’s topmost businesses, also credited for helping “build” the country over decades. By early 2023, Votorantim included...
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- November–December 2023
- Article
Keep Your AI Projects on Track
By: Iavor Bojinov
AI—and especially its newest star, generative AI—is today a central theme in corporate boardrooms, leadership discussions, and casual exchanges among employees eager to supercharge their productivity. Sadly, beneath the aspirational headlines and tantalizing potential...
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- October 2023
- Case
To Fizzle Out or Heat Up? PepsiCo and Coca-Cola’s SodaStream and Costa Coffee Acquisitions
By: David Collis and Haisley Wert
U.S. beverage giants PepsiCo and Coca-Cola shared many similarities by August 2018—both were founded by pharmacists in the 1890s, grew to offer hundreds of drink brands, and championed rival flagship products that drove loyalists into taste-testing wars. That month,...
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- October 2023
- Teaching Note
Timnit Gebru: 'SILENCED No More' on AI Bias and The Harms of Large Language Models
By: Tsedal Neeley and Tim Englehart
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 422-085. Dr. Timnit Gebru—a leading artificial intelligence (AI) computer scientist and co-lead of Google’s Ethical AI team—was messaging with one of her colleagues when she saw the words: “Did you resign?? Megan sent an email saying that...
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- October 2023
- Case
Accounting Red Flags or Red Herrings at Catalent?
By: Joseph Pacelli, ZeSean Ali and Tom Quinn
Fund manager Janet Curie asked for a recommendation about the pharmaceutical company Catalent. The company seemed like a solid investment. However, a pair of research reports issued over the previous two months complicated this narrative. GlassHouse Research, a short...
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Keywords:
Accounting Audits;
Budgets and Budgeting;
Business Earnings;
Earnings Management;
Cost Accounting;
Fair Value Accounting;
Financial Reporting;
Revenue Recognition;
Integrated Corporate Reporting;
Fairness;
Moral Sensibility;
Values and Beliefs;
Government Legislation;
Conflict of Interests;
Forms of Communication;
Announcements;
Blogs;
Debates;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
Accounting Industry;
United States
- October 20, 2023
- Article
How ENGOs Can Support Corporate Climate Change Efforts
Nearly half of CEOs view climate change as affecting their companies now or within the coming decade, but there is also a wide gap between what CEOs say is progress on tackling climate change and what many of their investors believe are effective actions. Companies...
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- October 2023
- Case
Ball: EVA Driving the World’s Leading Can Manufacturer (A)
By: Jonas Heese and Susan Pinckney
Ball used Economic Value Added analysis to determine if it should open a new metal can manufacturing facility, which mandated closing two recently acquired factories, or recapitalize and update the two legacy factories.
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Keywords:
Accounting;
Budgets and Budgeting;
Cost Accounting;
Financial Reporting;
Financial Statements;
Buildings and Facilities;
Green Building;
Acquisition;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Customer Satisfaction;
Decision Making;
Decisions;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Engineering;
Machinery and Machining;
Finance;
Asset Pricing;
Corporate Finance;
Capital;
Cost;
Financial Management;
Goods and Commodities;
Compensation and Benefits;
Executive Compensation;
Employee Relationship Management;
Management;
Goals and Objectives;
Resource Allocation;
Strategy;
Business Strategy;
Corporate Strategy;
Food and Beverage Industry;
United States;
Arizona;
California;
Texas
- October 2023
- Case
Vida Health: Transforming Chronic Disease Treatment
By: William Sahlman and Nicole Tempest Keller
San Francisco based Vida Health, founded by Stephanie Tilenius, former vice president of Commerce and Payments at Google, was a B2B digital health startup focused on the treatment of cardiometabolic conditions, such as diabetes and obesity. Its innovative digital...
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- Third Quarter 2022
- Article
How Global Upheaval Influences Board Decision-Making: What Is the Effect of Cold War II on Corporate Governance?
What should boards and companies do or not do when confronting the impact of geopolitical crises? It may be helpful to consider the broader context giving rise to these issues, namely why we’re in the situation, the lessons we’re learning about geopolitical risk in...
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- September 2023
- Technical Note
Free and Open Source Software and Hardware
By: Frank Nagle
This technical note surveys the concepts of free and open source software and hardware. It introduces the concepts in general, providing a brief history of their development and numerous examples of how companies employ them in practice. Further, it identifies various...
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- September 2023
- Case
The Rise and Fall of FTX
In November 2022, Sam Bankman-Fried's multi-billion-dollar crypto exchange, FTX, collapsed, wiping out investors and throwing the crypto industry into disarray. As FTX's founder and CEO, Bankman-Fried developed a reputation for his unerring business sense and...
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- September 2023
- Teaching Note
Nexleaf Analytics: Saving the World Using the Internet of Things
By: Frank Nagle
- September 2023
- Teaching Note
Patagonia: 'Earth Is Now Our Only Shareholder'
By: Brian Trelstad, Nien-hê Hsieh, Michael Norris and Susan Pinckney
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 323-057. Patagonia’s change of ownership from a privately held company to a perpetual purpose trust and 501(c)(4) nonprofit in order to use the company’s profit to fight the environmental crisis and be a model for future businesses.
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Keywords:
Trusts;
Business Ventures;
Business Organization;
Family Business;
Restructuring;
Change;
Disruption;
Transition;
Decision Making;
Ethics;
Values and Beliefs;
Finance;
Financial Management;
Governance;
Corporate Governance;
Investment Activism;
Innovation Leadership;
Labor;
Law;
Common Law;
Management;
Goals and Objectives;
Organizations;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Organizational Culture;
Ownership;
Ownership Type;
Family Ownership;
Private Ownership;
Social Enterprise;
Nonprofit Organizations;
Society;
Social Issues;
Wealth and Poverty;
Value;
Value Creation;
Apparel and Accessories Industry;
United States
- September 2023
- Article
Corporate Purpose in Public and Private Firms
By: Claudine Gartenberg and George Serafeim
Analyzing data from approximately 1.5 million employees across 1,108 established public and private US companies, we find that the strength of employee beliefs related to purpose is weaker in public companies. Among public companies, those beliefs are stronger for...
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- Article
Stock Price Reactions to ESG News: The Role of ESG Ratings and Disagreement
By: George Serafeim and Aaron Yoon
We investigate whether ESG ratings predict future ESG news and the associated market reactions. We find that the consensus rating predicts future news, but its predictive ability diminishes for firms with large disagreement between raters. Relation between news and...
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Keywords:
ESG;
ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance;
ESG Disclosure;
ESG Ratings;
ESG Reporting;
ESG Disclosure Metrics;
Sustainability;
Investments;
Disagreement;
Rating Disagreement;
Ratings;
Environmental Sustainability;
Social Issues;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Performance;
News;
Investment;
Financial Markets;
Stocks;
Price
- 2023
- Working Paper
Toward Decision-Useful Carbon Information
By: Gunther Glenk
Companies are increasingly viewed as crucial drivers for timely decarbonization. Current accounting practices for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, however, often leave corporate carbon disclosures and abatement obscured. Here I introduce a taxonomy for assuring the...
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Keywords:
Carbon Emissions;
Decarbonization;
Carbon Accounting;
Net-zero Emissions;
Greenhouse Gas Emissions;
Environment;
Environmental Impact;
Management;
Sustainable Cities;
Corporate Disclosure;
Environmental Accounting;
Environmental Management;
Climate Change;
Accounting Industry;
Consulting Industry;
Energy Industry;
Auto Industry;
Construction Industry;
Transportation Industry;
Financial Services Industry;
Green Technology Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Information Technology Industry;
Manufacturing Industry;
Public Administration Industry;
Steel Industry;
Utilities Industry;
Europe;
North America;
South America;
Africa;
Asia
- September–October 2023
- Article
What Does 'Stakeholder Capitalism' Mean to You?: A Guide to the Four Main Types
By: Lynn S. Paine
Business leaders are being urged to adopt a multistakeholder approach to governance in place of the shareholder-centered approach that has guided their work for several decades. But through hundreds of interviews with directors, executives, investors, governance...
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