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Publications

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    • Faculty Publications  (128)

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    • All HBS Web  (699)
      • Faculty Publications  (128)

      Corporate Disclosure Remove Corporate Disclosure →

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      Corporate Disclosure: Articles, Research, & Case Studies on Corporate Disclosure– HBS Working Knowledge
      Skip to Main Content Cold Call A podcast featuring faculty discussing cases they've written and the lessons they impart. Subscribe on iTunes 29 Sep...
      Improving the Corporate Disclosure Process
      → Search All HBS Web
      • 2020
      • Article

      Research on Corporate Sustainability: Review and Directions for Future Research

      By: Jody Grewal and George Serafeim
      We review the literature on corporate sustainability and provide directions for future research. Our review focuses on three actions: measuring, managing and communicating corporate sustainability performance. Measurement is the least developed of the three and...  View Details
      Keywords: Sustainability; Sustainability Reporting; Sustainability Management; Nonfinancial Disclosure; Nonfinancial Information; Nonfinancial Performance; Materiality; Esg; Esg (environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Esg (environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Esg Disclosure; Esg Disclosure Metrics; Esg Ratings; Esg Reporting; Inequality; Corporate Social Responsibility; Accounting; Finance; Management; Strategy; Environmental Sustainability; Climate Change; Diversity; Equality And Inequality; corporate disclosure; Measurement And Metrics; corporate Governance; corporate Accountability; corporate Social Responsibility And Impact
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      Grewal, Jody, and George Serafeim. "Research on Corporate Sustainability: Review and Directions for Future Research." Foundations and Trends® in Accounting 14, no. 2 (2020): 73–127.
      • June 2020
      • Article

      Lazy Prices

      By: Lauren Cohen, Christopher J. Malloy and Quoc Nguyen
      We explore the implications of a subtle "default" choice that firms make in their regular reporting practices, namely that firms typically repeat what they most recently reported. Using the complete history of regular quarterly and annual filings by U.S. corporations...  View Details
      Keywords: Information; Default Behavior; Inertia; Firms; Annual Reports; disclosure; Information; Business Or Company Management; Behavior; corporate disclosure; Financial Reporting; United States
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      Cohen, Lauren, Christopher J. Malloy, and Quoc Nguyen. "Lazy Prices." Journal of Finance 75, no. 3 (June 2020): 1371–1415. (Winner of the First Prize, Chicago Quantitative Alliance Academic Paper Competition, 2016. Winner of the Jack Treynor Prize for superior work in the field of investment management and financial markets, sponsored by the Q-Group,The Institute for Quantitative Research in Finance, 2016. Winner of the Hillcrest Behavioral Finance Prize, 2016.)
      • March 2020
      • Article

      Voluntary, Self-Regulatory, and Mandatory Disclosure of Oil and Gas Company Payments to Foreign Governments

      By: Paul M. Healy and George Serafeim
      Concerns about high rates of government corruption in resource-rich countries have led transparency advocates to urge oil and gas firms to disclose payments to host governments for natural resources. Transparency, they argue, can increase government accountability and...  View Details
      Keywords: Oil & Gas; Corruption; Transparency; Self-regulation; Industry Self-regulation; Regulation; disclosure; Disclosure Regulation; Energy Sources; Crime And Corruption; corporate disclosure; Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms; Energy Industry
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      Healy, Paul M., and George Serafeim. "Voluntary, Self-Regulatory, and Mandatory Disclosure of Oil and Gas Company Payments to Foreign Governments." Accounting Horizons 34, no. 1 (March 2020): 111–129.
      • January 2020 (Revised July 2020)
      • Case

      BlackRock: Linking Purpose to Profit

      By: Rohit Deshpandé, Aiyesha Dey and George Serafeim
      The case revolves around the actions that Barbara Novick, co-founder and Vice-Chair of Blackrock, and Michelle Edkins, Global Head of Investment Stewardship, would need to take in response to the controversial CEO letters from Laurence (Larry) Fink, Chairman and CEO of...  View Details
      Keywords: Boards Of Directors; Institutional Investors; disclosure; Transparency; Corporate Purpose; Corporate Profits; Esg; Esg Disclosure Metrics; Corporate Sustainability; Engagement Strategy Of Institutions; Stewardship Role Of Institutions; Blackrock; corporate Governance; Governing And Advisory Boards; Institutional Investing; Accounting; corporate disclosure; Mission And Purpose; Profit; Environmental Sustainability; Climate Change; Diversity; corporate Accountability; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Deshpandé, Rohit, Aiyesha Dey, and George Serafeim. "BlackRock: Linking Purpose to Profit." Harvard Business School Case 120-042, January 2020. (Revised July 2020.)
      • December 2019 (Revised May 2020)
      • Case

      Income Inequality and the CEO Pay Ratio at TJX Cos

      By: Ethan Rouen and Akari Furukawa
      TJX Companies reported a CEO pay ratio of 1,596-to-1 in 2019, leaving board chair Carol Meyrowitz with a host of questions about whether, and how, she could take action to address concerns raised by having one of the highest pay ratios in the S&P 500. As a retail...  View Details
      Keywords: Ceo Pay Ratio; Income; Equality And Inequality; Executive Compensation; corporate disclosure; Business And Stakeholder Relations
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      Rouen, Ethan, and Akari Furukawa. "Income Inequality and the CEO Pay Ratio at TJX Cos." Harvard Business School Case 120-063, December 2019. (Revised May 2020.)
      • November 9, 2019
      • Article

      Effect of Revealing Authors' Conflicts of Interests in Peer Review: Randomized Controlled Trial

      By: Leslie K. John, George Loewenstein, Andrew Marder and Michael Callaham
      Objective: To assess the impact of disclosing authors’ conflict of interest declarations to peer reviewers at a medical journal.
      Design: Randomised controlled trial.

      Setting: The study was conducted within the manuscript review process at the Annals...  View Details
      Keywords: Conflicts Of Interest; Peer Review; Randomized Controlled Trial; Scientific Publication; Conflict Of Interests; Journals And Magazines; Science
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      John, Leslie K., George Loewenstein, Andrew Marder, and Michael Callaham. "Effect of Revealing Authors' Conflicts of Interests in Peer Review: Randomized Controlled Trial." BMJ: British Medical Journal 367, no. 8221 (November 9, 2019).
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      How ESG Issues Become Financially Material to Corporations and Their Investors

      By: David Freiberg, Jean Rogers and George Serafeim
      Management and disclosure of environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues have received substantial interest over the last decade. In this paper, we outline a framework of how ESG issues become financially material, affecting corporate profitability and valuation....  View Details
      Keywords: Materiality; Esg; Pharmaceutical Companies; Business Ethics; Sustainability; Environment; disclosure; Disclosure And Access; Regulation; Social Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Social Issues; corporate Governance; Ethics; corporate disclosure; corporate Accountability; Resource Allocation; Finance; Accounting; Valuation
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      Freiberg, David, Jean Rogers, and George Serafeim. "How ESG Issues Become Financially Material to Corporations and Their Investors." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-056, November 2019. (Revised November 2020.)
      • 2019
      • Chapter

      The Consequences of Mandatory Corporate Sustainability Reporting

      By: Ioannis Ioannou and George Serafeim
      A key aspect of the governance process inside organizations and markets is the measurement and disclosure of important metrics and information. In this chapter, we examine the effect of sustainability disclosure regulations on firms’ disclosure practices and...  View Details
      Keywords: Mandatory Disclosure; Mandatory Reporting; Sustainability; Corporate Social Responsibility; Social Impact; Valuation; Corporate Governance; China; South Africa; Europe; Asia; Regulation; corporate disclosure; Integrated corporate Reporting; corporate Social Responsibility And Impact; Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms; corporate Governance; China; Denmark; Malaysia; South Africa
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      Ioannou, Ioannis, and George Serafeim. "The Consequences of Mandatory Corporate Sustainability Reporting." In The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility: Psychological and Organizational Perspectives, edited by Abagail McWilliams, Deborah E. Rupp, Donald S. Siegel, Günter K. Stahl, and David A. Waldman, 452–489. Oxford University Press, 2019.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Shareholder Activism and Firms' Voluntary Disclosure of Climate Change Risks

      By: Caroline Flammer, Michael W. Toffel and Kala Viswanathan
      This paper examines whether—in the absence of mandated disclosure requirements—shareholder activism can elicit greater disclosure of firms’ exposure to climate change risks. We find that environmental shareholder activism increases the voluntary disclosure of climate...  View Details
      Keywords: corporate Accountability; corporate disclosure; corporate Social Responsibility And Impact; Business And Shareholder Relations; Risk And Uncertainty; Natural Environment; Environmental Sustainability; Climate Change; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Flammer, Caroline, Michael W. Toffel, and Kala Viswanathan. "Shareholder Activism and Firms' Voluntary Disclosure of Climate Change Risks." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-049, October 2019.
      • Article

      Creating Firm Disclosures

      By: Amir Amel-Zadeh, Alexandra Scherf and Eugene F. Soltes
      Managers expend significant time and effort preparing disclosures about firm performance and strategy. Although prior literature has explored how variation in the style and presentation of disclosures impacts investors' perceptions of firms, little is known about how...  View Details
      Keywords: disclosure; Earnings Conference Call; Field Study; Md&a; Textual Analysis; corporate disclosure
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      Amel-Zadeh, Amir, Alexandra Scherf, and Eugene F. Soltes. "Creating Firm Disclosures." Journal of Financial Reporting 4, no. 2 (Fall 2019): 1–31.
      • 2019
      • White Paper

      Impact-Weighted Financial Accounts: The Missing Piece for an Impact Economy

      By: George Serafeim, T. Robert Zochowski and Jennifer Downing
      Reimagining capitalism is an imperative. We need to create a more inclusive and sustainable form of capitalism that works for every person and the planet. Massive environmental damage, growing income and wealth disparity, stress, and depression within developed...  View Details
      Keywords: Impact-weighted Accounts; Iwai; Background; Economic Systems; Economy; corporate Social Responsibility And Impact; Measurement And Metrics; Financial Statements
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      Serafeim, George, T. Robert Zochowski, and Jennifer Downing. "Impact-Weighted Financial Accounts: The Missing Piece for an Impact Economy." White Paper, Harvard Business School, Boston, MA, September 2019.
      • July 2019
      • Article

      Market Reaction to Mandatory Nonfinancial Disclosure

      By: Jody Grewal, Edward J. Riedl and George Serafeim
      We examine the equity market reaction to events associated with the passage of a directive in the European Union (EU) mandating increased nonfinancial disclosure. These disclosures relate to firms’ environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and would be...  View Details
      Keywords: Nonfinancial Information; Nonfinancial Performance; Esg; Esg (environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Investor Behavior; disclosure; Disclosure Regulation; Regulation; Sustainability; Corporate Performance; Information; corporate disclosure; Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms; Performance; Environmental Sustainability; corporate Governance; Outcome Or Result
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      Grewal, Jody, Edward J. Riedl, and George Serafeim. "Market Reaction to Mandatory Nonfinancial Disclosure." Management Science 65, no. 7 (July 2019): 3061–3084.
      • May 2019
      • Teaching Note

      Tesla, Inc. in 2018

      By: Siko Sikochi and Suraj Srinivasan
      Teaching Note for HBS No. 119-013. The case facilitates a discussion about corporate governance and its role in achieving sustainable profitability and driving long-term shareholder value. The discussion can focus on such questions as what constitutes good governance,...  View Details
      Keywords: Public Company; corporate Governance; Governing And Advisory Boards; Cost Vs Benefits
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      Sikochi, Siko, and Suraj Srinivasan. "Tesla, Inc. in 2018." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 119-101, May 2019.
      • May 2019
      • Article

      Who Consumes Firm Disclosures? Evidence from Earnings Conference Calls

      By: Anne Heinrichs, Jihwon Park and Eugene F. Soltes
      Using a set of proprietary records, we examine who consumes quarterly earnings conference calls and under which circumstances the calls are consumed. While there is significant interest in calls by institutional investors and sell-side analysts, we find that investors...  View Details
      Keywords: disclosure; Conference Calls; Firm News; corporate disclosure; Business Earnings; Situation Or Environment
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      Heinrichs, Anne, Jihwon Park, and Eugene F. Soltes. "Who Consumes Firm Disclosures? Evidence from Earnings Conference Calls." Accounting Review 94, no. 3 (May 2019): 205–231.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Equilibrium Effects of Pay Transparency in a Simple Labor Market

      By: Zoë B. Cullen and Bobak Pakzad-Hurson
      The public discourse around pay transparency has focused on the direct effect: how workers seek to rectify newly disclosed pay inequities through renegotiations. The question of how wage-setting, bargaining, and hiring practices change with higher transparency has...  View Details
      Keywords: Pay Transparency; Online Labor Market; Privacy; Wage Gap; Negotiation; corporate disclosure; Compensation And Benefits; Gender
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      Cullen, Zoë B., and Bobak Pakzad-Hurson. "Equilibrium Effects of Pay Transparency in a Simple Labor Market." Working Paper, April 2019. (Formerly two papers, "Equal Work for Unequal Pay" and "Is Pay Transparency Good?" Selected as Exemplary Applied Modeling Paper at EC '19.)
      • Article

      Four Things No One Will Tell You About ESG Data

      By: Sakis Kotsantonis and George Serafeim
      As the ESG finance field and the use of ESG data in investment decision-making continue to grow, the authors seek to shed light on several important aspects of ESG measurement and data. This article is intended to provide a useful guide for the rapidly rising number of...  View Details
      Keywords: Esg; Esg (environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Esg Reporting; Data Analytics; Sustainability; Sustainability Reporting; Csr; Transparency; Investment Management; Socially Responsible Investing; Sustainable Finance; Sustainable Development; Climate Change; Inclusion; Inclusive Growth; corporate Social Responsibility And Impact; corporate Accountability; Investment; Management; Climate Change; corporate Governance; Diversity; Integrated corporate Reporting
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      Kotsantonis, Sakis, and George Serafeim. "Four Things No One Will Tell You About ESG Data." Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 31, no. 2 (Spring 2019): 50–58.
      • November 2018 (Revised January 2019)
      • Case

      Investor Relations Practices at Edwards Lifesciences

      By: C. Fritz Foley and F. Katelynn Boland
      In January 2017, the senior leadership team at Edwards Lifesciences were preparing for the quarterly earnings call that would cover the fourth quarter of 2016. They faced questions about what types of information they should disclose on the call, as well as during...  View Details
      Keywords: Investor Relations; Medical Devices; corporate disclosure; Decisions; Business And Shareholder Relations; Medical Devices And Supplies Industry; United States
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      Foley, C. Fritz, and F. Katelynn Boland. "Investor Relations Practices at Edwards Lifesciences." Harvard Business School Case 219-058, November 2018. (Revised January 2019.)
      • October 2018 (Revised April 2019)
      • Case

      Stock-Based Compensation at Twitter

      By: Jonas Heese, Zeya Yang and Mike Young
      Olivia Nash, an analyst at leading hedge fund BlueShark Capital Management, had just finished listening to the hour-long earnings call for Twitter’s Q4 2017 results. Was Twitter doing well? That depended on which numbers she chose to believe. According to Generally...  View Details
      Keywords: Twitter; Non-gaap Disclosure; Stock-based Compensation; Earnings Management; corporate disclosure; Compensation And Benefits; Stocks
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      Heese, Jonas, Zeya Yang, and Mike Young. "Stock-Based Compensation at Twitter." Harvard Business School Case 119-032, October 2018. (Revised April 2019.)
      • Editorial

      Why CEOs Should Share Their Long-Term Plans with Investors

      By: Christina Rehnberg, George Serafeim and Brian Tomlinson
      Rather than requiring less short-term information, the key to combating short-termism is to encourage companies to share more information about their long-term plans. Analysis of companies that have done so suggests that long-term plans are not mere marketing...  View Details
      Keywords: Ceo; Investor Relations; Strategy; disclosure; Long-term Growth; Investing; Business And Shareholder Relations; Strategy; corporate disclosure
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      Rehnberg, Christina, George Serafeim, and Brian Tomlinson. "Why CEOs Should Share Their Long-Term Plans with Investors." Harvard Business Review (website) (September 19, 2018).
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Complex Disclosure

      By: Ginger Zhe Jin, Michael Luca and Daniel Martin
      We present evidence that unnecessarily complex disclosure can result from strategic incentives to shroud information. In our lab experiment, senders are required to report their private information truthfully, but can choose how complex to make their reports. We find...  View Details
      Keywords: corporate disclosure; Policy; Information; Complexity; Strategy
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      Jin, Ginger Zhe, Michael Luca, and Daniel Martin. "Complex Disclosure." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-105, May 2018. (Revised December 2020.)
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      Corporate Disclosure: Articles, Research, & Case Studies on Corporate Disclosure– HBS Working Knowledge
      Skip to Main Content Cold Call A podcast featuring faculty discussing cases they've written and the lessons they impart. Subscribe on iTunes 29 Sep...
      Improving the Corporate Disclosure Process
      → Search All HBS Web
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