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      • Faculty Publications  (35)

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      Copyright
      Skip to Main Content Cold Call A podcast featuring faculty discussing cases they've written and the lessons they impart. Subscribe on iTunes 29 Sep...
      Digital Copyright
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      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Digitization and the Demand for Physical Works: Evidence from the Google Books Project

      By: Abhishek Nagaraj and Imke Reimers
      The digital era promised to deliver a centralized repository of all pre-existing knowledge through mass digitization. However, concerns about cannibalizing demand for physical works have led publishers and authors to block the realization of this vision. We investigate...  View Details
      Keywords: Digitization; copyright; Books
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      Nagaraj, Abhishek, and Imke Reimers. "Digitization and the Demand for Physical Works: Evidence from the Google Books Project." Working Paper, June 2020.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Infringing Use as a Path to Legal Consumption: Evidence from a Field Experiment

      By: Hong Luo and Julie Holland Mortimer
      Digitization has transformed how users find and use copyrighted goods, but many existing legal options remain difficult to access, possibly leading to infringement. In a field experiment, we contact firms that are caught infringing on expensive digital images. Emails...  View Details
      Keywords: Copyright Infringement; Field Experiment; Intellectual Property; Lawfulness
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      Luo, Hong, and Julie Holland Mortimer. "Infringing Use as a Path to Legal Consumption: Evidence from a Field Experiment." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-081, January 2019. (Revised August 2019.)
      • August 2018 (Revised March 2019)
      • Case

      Facebook—Can Ethics Scale in the Digital Age?

      By: George A. Riedel and Carin-Isabel Knoop
      Since its founding in 2004, Facebook has built a phenomenally successful business at global scale to become the fifth most valuable public company in the world. The revelation of Cambridge Analytica events in March 2018, where 78 million users' information was leaked...  View Details
      Keywords: Ethics; Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact; Business And Stakeholder Relations; Trust; Business Model; Corporate Accountability
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      Riedel, George A., and Carin-Isabel Knoop. "Facebook—Can Ethics Scale in the Digital Age?" Harvard Business School Case 319-030, August 2018. (Revised March 2019.)
      • July 2018
      • Case

      Financing Anghami's Growth

      By: Ramana Nanda and Eren Kuzucu
      In December 2012, less than two years into the founding of their music-streaming platform Anghami, cofounders Elie Habib and Eddy Maroun found themselves evaluating an unorthodox term sheet. Habib and Maroun needed to make a decision vis-à-vis the proposal put forth by...  View Details
      Keywords: Growth; Startups; copyright; Business Startups; Business Model; Music Entertainment; Decisions; Technological Innovation; Venture Capital; Online Technology; Growth And Development Strategy; Financial Strategy; Product Marketing; Product Launch; Product Development; Expansion; Technology Platform; Agreements And Arrangements; Valuation; Decision Making; Middle East; Lebanon
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      Nanda, Ramana, and Eren Kuzucu. "Financing Anghami's Growth." Harvard Business School Case 819-033, July 2018.
      • July 2018
      • Article

      Does Copyright Affect Reuse? Evidence from Google Books and Wikipedia

      By: Abhishek Nagaraj
      While digitization has greatly increased the reuse of knowledge, this study shows how these benefits might be mitigated by copyright restrictions. I use the digitization of in-copyright and out-of-copyright issues of Baseball Digest magazine by Google Books to...  View Details
      Keywords: Digitization; Economics Of Innovation; Wikipedia; Intellectual Property; copyright
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      Nagaraj, Abhishek. "Does Copyright Affect Reuse? Evidence from Google Books and Wikipedia." Management Science 64, no. 7 (July 2018): 3091–3107.
      • January 2018 (Revised March 2018)
      • Teaching Note

      The Future of Patent Examination at the USPTO

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury and Sarah Mehta
      This teaching note pairs with the case entitled: “The Future of Patent Examination at the USPTO” (case no. 617-027).  View Details
      Keywords: Machine Learning; Telework; Collaborating With Unions; Recruitment; Intellectual Property; copyright; Patents; Trademarks; Knowledge Sharing; Technology Adoption; District Of Columbia
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj, and Sarah Mehta. "The Future of Patent Examination at the USPTO." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 618-035, January 2018. (Revised March 2018.)
      • September 2017
      • Case

      Give Us a 'C'! Killing Knock-offs with Copyright?

      By: Lena G. Goldberg
      Varsity Brands, the leading manufacturer of cheerleading uniforms in the United States, obtained copyright protection for certain designs of stripes, chevrons, color blocks and lines on cheerleading uniforms. Star Athletica, a newcomer in the field, used those designs...  View Details
      Keywords: Intellectual Property; Law; Lawsuits And Litigation; Design; Apparel And Accessories Industry; Fashion Industry
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      Goldberg, Lena G. "Give Us a 'C'! Killing Knock-offs with Copyright?" Harvard Business School Case 318-046, September 2017.
      • Summer 2017
      • Article

      Copyright Enforcement: Evidence from Two Field Experiments

      By: Hong Luo and Julie Holland Mortimer
      Effective dispute resolution is important for reducing private and social costs. We study how resolution responds to changes in price and communication using a new, extensive dataset of copyright infringement incidences by firms. The data cover two field experiments...  View Details
      Keywords: copyright; Law Enforcement; Lawsuits And Litigation; Cost
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      Luo, Hong, and Julie Holland Mortimer. "Copyright Enforcement: Evidence from Two Field Experiments." Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 26, no. 2 (Summer 2017): 499–528.
      • July 2017
      • Article

      Intellectual Property Rights Protection, Ownership, and Innovation: Evidence from China

      By: Lily Fang, Josh Lerner and Chaopeng Wu
      Using a difference-in-difference approach, we study how intellectual property right (IPR) protection affects innovation in China in the years around the privatizations of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Innovation increases after SOE privatizations, and this increase...  View Details
      Keywords: Patents; Privatization; State Ownership; Trademarks; copyright; Innovation And Invention; China
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      Fang, Lily, Josh Lerner, and Chaopeng Wu. "Intellectual Property Rights Protection, Ownership, and Innovation: Evidence from China." Review of Financial Studies 30, no. 7 (July 2017): 2446–2477.
      • April 2017
      • Case

      The Future of Patent Examination at the USPTO

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Tarun Khanna and Sarah Mehta
      The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is the federal government agency responsible for evaluating and granting patents and trademarks. In 2015, the USPTO employed approximately 8,000 patent examiners who granted nearly 300,000 patents to inventors. As of April...  View Details
      Keywords: Machine Learning; Telework; Collaborating With Unions; Human Resources; Recruitment; Retention; Intellectual Property; copyright; Patents; Trademarks; Knowledge Sharing; Technology Adoption; Organizational Change And Adaptation; Performance Productivity; Performance Improvement; District Of Columbia
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Tarun Khanna, and Sarah Mehta. "The Future of Patent Examination at the USPTO." Harvard Business School Case 617-027, April 2017.
      • December 2016
      • Article

      The Effect of File Sharing on Record Sales, Revisited

      By: Felix Oberholzer-Gee and Koleman Strumpf
      Even as we approach the twentieth anniversary of widespread file sharing, its impact on the sale of copyrighted material remains in dispute. We contributed to this debate with an early study, “The Effect of File Sharing on Record Sales: An Empirical Analysis,” that was...  View Details
      Keywords: Crime And Corruption; copyright; Sales; Retail Industry; Music Industry
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      Oberholzer-Gee, Felix, and Koleman Strumpf. "The Effect of File Sharing on Record Sales, Revisited." Information Economics and Policy 37 (December 2016): 61–66.
      • 2016
      • Working Paper

      Intellectual Property Rights Protection, Ownership, and Innovation: Evidence from China

      By: Lily Fang, Josh Lerner and Chaopeng Wu
      Using a difference-in-difference approach, we study how intellectual property right (IPR) protection affects innovation in China in the years around the privatizations of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Innovation increases after SOE privatizations, and this increase...  View Details
      Keywords: Privatization; copyright; Innovation And Invention; China
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      Fang, Lily, Josh Lerner, and Chaopeng Wu. "Intellectual Property Rights Protection, Ownership, and Innovation: Evidence from China." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 22685, September 2016.
      • Article

      Copyright Infringement in the Market for Digital Images

      By: Hong Luo and Julie Holland Mortimer
      Digital technologies for sharing creative goods create new opportunities for copyright infringement and challenge established enforcement methods. We establish several important facts about the nature of copyright infringement and efforts to settle past infringing use...  View Details
      Keywords: Technology; Creativity; copyright
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      Luo, Hong, and Julie Holland Mortimer. "Copyright Infringement in the Market for Digital Images." American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 106, no. 5 (May 2016): 140–145.
      • 2015
      • Working Paper

      Lost in the Clouds: The Impact of Changing Property Rights on Investment in Cloud Computing Ventures

      By: Josh Lerner and Greg Rafert
      Our analysis seeks to understand the impact of changing allocations of property rights on investment in new firms. We focus on the Cartoon Network, et al. v. Cablevision decision in the U.S., which narrowed the protection enjoyed by content creators (e.g., movie...  View Details
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; Venture Capital; Internet; Entrepreneurship; Investment; copyright
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      Lerner, Josh, and Greg Rafert. "Lost in the Clouds: The Impact of Changing Property Rights on Investment in Cloud Computing Ventures." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 15-082, April 2015.
      • May 2014 (Revised June 2014)
      • Case

      Intellectual Property Strategy at North Technology Group—Sailing Downwind

      By: Felix Oberholzer-Gee and William W. Fisher III
      North Sails is the world's leading sailmaker. The company commands a global market share of more than 50% and is largely responsible for the rapid technological progress in the sailmaking industry over the past 30 years. CEO Tom Whidden needs to consider how to best...  View Details
      Keywords: Intellectual Property; Technology; Competitive Advantage; Technology; Competitive Advantage; Intellectual Property
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      Oberholzer-Gee, Felix, and William W. Fisher III. "Intellectual Property Strategy at North Technology Group—Sailing Downwind." Harvard Business School Case 714-403, May 2014. (Revised June 2014.)
      • February 2014 (Revised August 2014)
      • Case

      3D Systems

      By: Karim R. Lakhani and David Lane
      In late 2013, Rajeev Kulkarni needed to decide how best to facilitate the emergence of a broad base of users and content to promote the sale of 3D Systems' consumer-focused 3D printers. As yet, neither the company nor users had identified an indispensable application...  View Details
      Keywords: 3d Printing; Business Ecosystems; 3d Systems; Growth And Development Strategy; Marketing Strategy; copyright; Two-sided Platforms; Product Development; Customization And Personalization; Manufacturing Industry
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      Lakhani, Karim R., and David Lane. "3D Systems." Harvard Business School Case 614-035, February 2014. (Revised August 2014.)
      • February 2013
      • Article

      Digitization, Innovation, and Copyright: What Is the Agenda?

      By: Shane Greenstein, Josh Lerner and Scott Stern
      This essay discusses the need for research on the consequences of digitization, as well as the impact of alternative policies governing the creation and use of digital information. This agenda focuses on the development of research to investigate the economics of...  View Details
      Keywords: Technology; Research; copyright; Information Management; Innovation And Invention
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      Greenstein, Shane, Josh Lerner, and Scott Stern. "Digitization, Innovation, and Copyright: What Is the Agenda?" Strategic Organization 11, no. 1 (February 2013): 110–121.
      • 2012
      • Other Unpublished Work

      Lost in the Clouds: The Impact of Copyright Scope on Investment in Cloud Computing Ventures

      By: Josh Lerner and Greg Rafert
      Our analysis seeks to understand the impact of changes in copyright scope on investment in new firms. We begin by analyzing the investment effects of the Cartoon Network, et al. v. Cablevision decision in the U.S. and court rulings in France and Germany on venture...  View Details
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; Venture Capital; Online Technology; Investment; Business Startups; copyright; France; Germany; United States; European Union
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      Lerner, Josh, and Greg Rafert. "Lost in the Clouds: The Impact of Copyright Scope on Investment in Cloud Computing Ventures." 2012.
      • December 2011 (Revised February 2013)
      • Case

      Branding Yoga

      By: Rohit Deshpande, Kerry Herman and Annelena Lobb
      Yoga, an ancient discipline, has become popular worldwide. The marketing of yoga and dispute over its origins have led to debate as to whether yoga should be branded at all. Some yoga instructors have gone so far as to copyright their varieties of yoga; others in the...  View Details
      Keywords: Brands And Branding; Marketing
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      Deshpande, Rohit, Kerry Herman, and Annelena Lobb. "Branding Yoga." Harvard Business School Case 512-025, December 2011. (Revised February 2013.)
      • February 2011 (Revised December 2012)
      • Case

      Coca-Cola on Facebook

      By: John Deighton and Leora Kornfeld
      In late 2008, executives at Coca-Cola had to decide what to do with a fan-created page on Facebook that had amassed over one million followers in three months. From a legal point of view the fan-created page was in violation of Facebook's terms of service as a...  View Details
      Keywords: Change Management; Governance Controls; Policy; Brands And Branding; Marketing Channels; Social And Collaborative Networks; Food And Beverage Industry
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      Deighton, John, and Leora Kornfeld. "Coca-Cola on Facebook." Harvard Business School Case 511-110, February 2011. (Revised December 2012.) (request a courtesy copy.)
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      Copyright
      Skip to Main Content Cold Call A podcast featuring faculty discussing cases they've written and the lessons they impart. Subscribe on iTunes 29 Sep...
      Digital Copyright
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