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Skip to content The HBS Digital Initiative brings together perspectives across disciplines to help people understand how technology is transforming...
Skip to content The HBS Digital Initiative brings together perspectives across disciplines to help people understand how technology is transforming...
- April 2021
- Background Note
HEAD vs. LEAD: Disruptions Originating at the High- vs. Low-End of the Market
By: Elie Ofek, Olivier Toubia and Didier Toubia
Twenty five years after it was initially proposed, Clay Christensen’s theory of disruptive innovation continues to be a major reference for entrepreneurs, corporate innovators, and investors. However, the term “disruptive innovation” is often used in ways and contexts...
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- April 2021
- Case
The Clean Network and the Future of Global Technology Competition
By: Meg Rithmire and Courtney Han
In May 2019, amidst of an ever-worsening trade war between the U.S. and China, President Donald Trump added Chinese telecom giant Huawei to the Department of Commerce’s “entity list,” essentially forbidding American firms from doing business with the company. Huawei,...
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- March 2021
- Supplement
Facebook's Libra (B): The Privatization of Money?
This case addresses the events that took place following the conclusion of the case “Facebook’s Libra (A): The Privatization of Money?” In October 2019, several months after the conclusion of the A case, multiple members of the Libra Association announced that they...
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Keywords:
Blockchain;
Cryptocurrency;
Accounting;
Economics;
Money;
Governance;
Governing and Advisory Boards;
Policy;
Governance Controls;
Innovation and Invention;
Innovation Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Disruptive Innovation;
Technology;
Technology Platform;
Technology Networks;
Technology Industry;
Europe;
Switzerland;
United States;
California
- March 2020
- Case
The Trouble with TCE
By: Vincent Pons, Rafael Di Tella and Galit Goldstein
Trichloroethylene, or TCE, was a chemical used by tens of thousands of businesses in the United States. It was an affordable tool for many. Yet, TCE had been associated with important health risks, including cancer and autoimmune disease. TCE potentially posed other...
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- 2021
- Chapter
Dis-Atlanticism: The West in an Era of Global Fragmentation
By: Rawi Abdelal and Ulrich Krotz
BOOK ABSTRACT: Is the EU a Success or a Failure? Should It Stay or Should It Go? Britain and the EU. The Big Waste or Essential to Feed Europe? The Common Agricultural Policy. Observers of the European Union could be forgiven in thinking that since its inception the EU...
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- February 2021
- Case
TikTok in 2020: Super App or Supernova?
By: Jeffrey F. Rayport, Dan Maher and Dan O'Brien
TikTok’s parent company, ByteDance, was launched in 2012 around a simple idea – helping users entertain themselves on their smartphones while on the Beijing Subway. In less than a decade, it had become one of the world’s most valuable private companies, with investors...
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Keywords:
Business Model;
Business Startups;
Business Organization;
Change Management;
Disruption;
Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues;
Global Strategy;
Health Pandemics;
Innovation Strategy;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Growth Management;
Brands and Branding;
Marketing Strategy;
Marketing Channels;
Network Effects;
Two-Sided Platforms;
Product Design;
Product Development;
Partners and Partnerships;
Opportunities;
Social Issues;
Mobile Technology;
Online Technology;
Value Creation;
United States;
China
- January 2021
- Case
Digital Transformation 2.0: CEO Elie Girard at Atos
By: Tsedal Neeley and James Barnett
Elie Girard has taken the helm as CEO of Atos—multinational IT giant—to lead the company into the next era of digital transformation. Noticing that customers’ digital needs were evolving to become even more specialized and global in scope, he made a bold first step as...
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- December 2020 (Revised April 2021)
- Technical Note
Tales of Life-changing Innovations: Controversial Blockbuster | Note on the Development of Prozac (through 1999)
By: Amar Bhidé, Srikant M. Datar and Katherine Stebbins
- 2020
- Working Paper
In the Red: Overdrafts, Payday Lending and the Underbanked
The reordering of transactions from “high-to-low” is a controversial bank practice thought to maximize fees paid by low-income customers on overdrawn accounts. We exploit multiple class-action lawsuits resulting in mandatory changes to this practice, coupled with...
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- November 2020
- Case
Axis My India
By: Ananth Raman, Ann Winslow and Kairavi Dey
Pradeep Gupta founded Axis My India (AMI) as a printing and publishing company in 1998. In 2013, AMI expanded into consumer research and election forecasting. Although a relatively unknown entity, AMI predicted several election results accurately. Gupta describes AMI’s...
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- November 2020 (Revised January 2021)
- Supplement
Bridge International Academies in 2020: Battling Headwinds to Solve Africa's Education Problems
By: Caroline M. Elkins, Tarun Khanna and Joyce J. Kim
By 2020, Bridge International Academies and its "school in a box" model had achieved great scale. By leveraging digital technology and public-private partnerships, they had reached one million children across Africa and India through hundreds of schools. However, the...
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- Fall 2020
- Article
Christo and Jeanne‐Claude: The Negotiation of Art and Vice Versa
Over the past two decades the Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School (PON) has named thirteen people as Great Negotiators. The project, directed by my colleague Jim Sebenius, has given us the opportunity to commend our honorees’ outstanding work and to learn from...
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- September 2020
- Case
Uber at a Crossroads (2017)
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Karen Elterman
This case describes the history of Uber, its business model—including the ways it differed from that of the traditional taxi industry—and its competition with Lyft. The case is set in 2017, a year in which Uber was plagued by even more scandals than usual, though its...
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Keywords:
Business Startups;
Business Model;
Customer Satisfaction;
Fairness;
Values and Beliefs;
Price;
Profit;
Revenue;
Investment;
Government Legislation;
Business History;
Compensation and Benefits;
Resignation and Termination;
Employment;
Wages;
Lawfulness;
Leadership Style;
Leading Change;
Management Style;
Market Entry and Exit;
Two-Sided Platforms;
Product Design;
Organizational Culture;
Problems and Challenges;
Attitudes;
Strategy;
Competitive Strategy;
Expansion;
Transportation Networks;
Mobile Technology;
Technology Platform;
Valuation;
Transportation Industry;
Technology Industry;
United States
- July 2020 (Revised March 2021)
- Case
Board Diversity at Amazon (A)
By: Aiyesha Dey and Anu Atluru
The case revolves around the decisions that the board of directors of ecommerce giant Amazon would need to make in response to the controversial letter that activist shareholder CtW investment group sent to Amazon’s shareholders, urging them to vote in favor of a...
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Keywords:
Board Of Directors;
Boards;
Governing and Advisory Boards;
Diversity;
Gender;
Race;
United States
- February 2020 (Revised June 2020)
- Case
Shaping the Governance Debate at ISS
By: Suraj Srinivasan, Jonah S. Goldberg and Calvin O. Liou
ISS is the world’s largest provider of corporate governance research, data, analytics, and voting services. The case uses the effort of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to impose an array of new regulations that would severely restrict the functioning of...
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- January 2020 (Revised July 2020)
- Case
BlackRock: Linking Purpose to Profit
The case revolves around the actions that Barbara Novick, co-founder and Vice-Chair of Blackrock, and Michelle Edkins, Global Head of Investment Stewardship, would need to take in response to the controversial CEO letters from Laurence (Larry) Fink, Chairman and CEO of...
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Keywords:
Boards Of Directors;
Institutional Investors;
Disclosure;
Transparency;
Corporate Purpose;
Corporate Profits;
ESG;
ESG Disclosure Metrics;
Corporate Sustainability;
Engagement Strategy Of Institutions;
Stewardship Role Of Institutions;
BlackRock;
Corporate Governance;
Governing and Advisory Boards;
Institutional Investing;
Accounting;
Corporate Disclosure;
Mission and Purpose;
Profit;
Environmental Sustainability;
Climate Change;
Diversity;
Corporate Accountability;
Financial Services Industry;
United States
- January 2020
- Supplement
Brexit: A Withdrawal Agreement? — Boris Johnson
By: Laura Alfaro and Sarah Jeong
The UK was due to leave the EU in March 2019 after a referendum vote in June 2016. Following additional extensions and multiple failed attempts to reach an agreement with Parliament, Theresa May stepped down as Conservative Party leader and was replaced by Boris...
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- January 2020
- Article
The Market Reacts Quickly: Changes in Paclitaxel Vascular Device Purchasing Within the Ascension Healthcare System
By: Peter P. Monteleone, Subhash Banerjee, Priya Kothapalli, Ariel Dora Stern, Daniel Fehder, Ron Ginor, Dominic Vollmar, Edward T. A. Fry and Mark J. Pirwitz
Background. A meta-analysis of trials in endovascular therapy suggested an increased mortality associated with treatment exposure to paclitaxel. Multiple publications and corrections of prior data were performed, and the United States Food and Drug Administration has...
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- October 2019
- Teaching Note
Google: To TVC or Not to TVC?
By: William R. Kerr and Carl Kreitzberg
A Teaching Note for the "Google: To TVC or Not to TVC?" case study (HBS#820-048). The case discusses recent controversies regarding how Google manages temporary help agency workers, workers supplied by vendors, and independent contractors ("TVCs"). Such TVCs reportedly...
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Keywords:
Workforce;
Independent Contractors;
Talent Management;
Silicon Valley;
Google;
Employee Attitude;
Employee Compensation;
Employee Engagement;
Future Of Work;
Innovation;
Innovation And Strategy;
Inequality;
Talent Acquisition;
Labor;
Talent and Talent Management;
Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Employees;
Attitudes;
Innovation and Management;
Human Resources;
Information Technology Industry;
United States;
San Francisco
- September 2019 (Revised September 2019)
- Case
Facebook Fake News in the Post-Truth World
By: John R. Wells, Carole A. Winkler and Benjamin Weinstock
In August 2019, Mark Zuckerberg, founder and CEO of Facebook, was surrounded by controversy. The first major storm of protest followed the surprise election of Donald Trump as President of the United States on November 8, 2016; many put the blame at the door of fake...
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Keywords:
Facebook;
Fake News;
Mark Zuckerberg;
Donald Trump;
Algorithms;
Social Networks;
Partisanship;
Social Media;
App Development;
Instagram;
WhatsApp;
Smartphone;
Silicon Valley;
Office Space;
Digital Strategy;
Democracy;
Entry Barriers;
Online Platforms;
Controversy;
Tencent;
Agility;
Social Networking;
Gaming;
Gaming Industry;
Computer Games;
Mobile Gaming;
Messaging;
Monetization Strategy;
Advertising;
Online Advertising;
Business Ventures;
Acquisition;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Business Headquarters;
Business Organization;
For-Profit Firms;
Trends;
Communication;
Communication Technology;
Forms of Communication;
Interactive Communication;
Interpersonal Communication;
Talent and Talent Management;
Crime and Corruption;
Voting;
Demographics;
Entertainment;
Games, Gaming, and Gambling;
Moral Sensibility;
Values and Beliefs;
Initial Public Offering;
Profit;
Revenue;
Geography;
Geographic Location;
Global Range;
Local Range;
Country;
Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues;
Globalized Firms and Management;
Globalized Markets and Industries;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Government and Politics;
International Relations;
National Security;
Political Elections;
Business History;
Recruitment;
Selection and Staffing;
Information Management;
Information Publishing;
News;
Newspapers;
Innovation and Management;
Innovation Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Knowledge Dissemination;
Human Capital;
Law;
Leadership Development;
Leadership Style;
Leading Change;
Business or Company Management;
Crisis Management;
Goals and Objectives;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Growth Management;
Management Practices and Processes;
Management Style;
Management Systems;
Management Teams;
Managerial Roles;
Marketing Channels;
Social Marketing;
Network Effects;
Market Entry and Exit;
Market Platforms;
Two-Sided Platforms;
Marketplace Matching;
Industry Growth;
Industry Structures;
Monopoly;
Media;
Product Development;
Service Delivery;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Mission and Purpose;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Organizational Culture;
Organizational Structure;
Public Ownership;
Problems and Challenges;
Business and Community Relations;
Business and Government Relations;
Groups and Teams;
Networks;
Rank and Position;
Opportunities;
Behavior;
Emotions;
Identity;
Power and Influence;
Prejudice and Bias;
Reputation;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Status and Position;
Trust;
Society;
Civil Society or Community;
Culture;
Public Opinion;
Social Issues;
Societal Protocols;
Strategy;
Adaptation;
Business Strategy;
Commercialization;
Competition;
Competitive Advantage;
Competitive Strategy;
Corporate Strategy;
Customization and Personalization;
Diversification;
Expansion;
Horizontal Integration;
Segmentation;
Information Technology;
Internet;
Mobile Technology;
Online Technology;
Software;
Technology Networks;
Technology Platform;
Web;
Web Sites;
Wireless Technology;
Valuation;
Advertising Industry;
Communications Industry;
Entertainment and Recreation Industry;
Information Industry;
Information Technology Industry;
Journalism and News Industry;
Media and Broadcasting Industry;
Service Industry;
Technology Industry;
Telecommunications Industry;
Video Game Industry;
United States;
California;
Sunnyvale;
Russia