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      • Faculty Publications  (542)

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      Transaction Costs and the Duration of Contracts
      Relational Contracts
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      • February 2021
      • Article

      Health Care Measurements That Improve Patient Outcomes

      By: Robert S. Kaplan, Lara Jehi, Clifford Y. Ko, Andrea Pusic and Mary Witkowski
      This article describes the challenges and solutions in determining whether a patient’s treatment has been successful. Such an assessment depends on multiple factors, including the patient’s pretreatment status; the qualifications of personnel performing the treatment;...  View Details
      Keywords: Outcomes Measurement; Health Care And Treatment; Outcome Or Result; Measurement And Metrics
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      Kaplan, Robert S., Lara Jehi, Clifford Y. Ko, Andrea Pusic, and Mary Witkowski. "Health Care Measurements That Improve Patient Outcomes." NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery 2, no. 2 (February 2021).
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Exclusive Dealing and Entry by Competing Two-Sided Platforms

      By: Jorge Tamayo, Christian Chica and Kenneth Chuk
      We study competition between horizontally differentiated platforms offering exclusive and non-exclusive contracts to one side of the market (content providers). The introduction of non-exclusive contracts in addition to exclusive contracts softens the competition for...  View Details
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      Tamayo, Jorge, Christian Chica, and Kenneth Chuk. "Exclusive Dealing and Entry by Competing Two-Sided Platforms." Working Paper, February 2021.
      • January 2021
      • Teaching Note

      Ureed.com: The Marketplace for Language

      By: Ashley V. Whillans
      This case explores the growth of Ureed, an online marketplace for translation services that is powered by a workforce consisting of remote freelancers who are based in the United Arab Emirates. Nour Al Hassan, the founder and CEO faced the challenge of how best to...  View Details
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      Whillans, Ashley V. "Ureed.com: The Marketplace for Language." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 921-028, January 2021.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Nonprofts in Good Times and Bad Times

      By: Christine L. Exley, Nils H. Lehr and Stephen J. Terry
      Need fluctuates over the business cycle, yet little is known about nonprofit behavior over the cycle. This paper exploits data from millions of tax returns and provides key descriptive facts about nonprofits in the face of economic fluctuations. Nonprofit revenue,...  View Details
      Keywords: Nonprofit Organizations; Business Cycles; Philanthropy And Charitable Giving
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      Exley, Christine L., Nils H. Lehr, and Stephen J. Terry. "Nonprofts in Good Times and Bad Times." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-076, December 2020.
      • January 2021
      • Article

      Chain Stability in Trading Networks

      By: John William Hatfield, Scott Duke Kominers, Alexandru Nichifor, Michael Ostrovsky and Alexander Westkamp
      We show that in general trading networks with bilateral contracts, a suitably adapted chain stability concept (Ostrovsky, 2008) is equivalent to stability (Hatfield and Kominers, 2012; Hatfield et al., 2013) if all agents' preferences are fully substitutable and...  View Details
      Keywords: Matching; Trading Networks; Chain Stability; Stability; Competitive Equilibria; Full Substitutability; Laws Of Aggregate Supply And Demand; contracts; Market Design; Balance And Stability
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      Hatfield, John William, Scott Duke Kominers, Alexandru Nichifor, Michael Ostrovsky, and Alexander Westkamp. "Chain Stability in Trading Networks." Theoretical Economics 16, no. 1 (January 2021): 197–234.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      No-fault Default, Chapter 11 Bankruptcy, and Financial Institutions

      By: Robert C. Merton and Richard T. Thakor
      This paper analyzes the costs and benefits of a no-fault-default debt structure as an alternative to the typical bankruptcy process. We show that the deadweight costs of bankruptcy can be avoided or substantially reduced through no-fault-default debt, which permits a...  View Details
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      Merton, Robert C., and Richard T. Thakor. "No-fault Default, Chapter 11 Bankruptcy, and Financial Institutions." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 28341, January 2021.
      • December 2020
      • Teaching Note

      Forecasting ClimaCell

      By: Joshua Lev Krieger, Christopher Stanton and James Barnett
      A weather technology startup, ClimaCell considers the R&D trade-offs and financing implications of pursuing a proposed contract with a major automobile maker, rather than continuing its focus on building a scalable, all-purpose weather prediction engine.  View Details
      Keywords: Weather; Forecasting And Prediction; Business Startups; Research And Development; Finance; Cost Vs Benefits; Decision Making; Strategy; United States; Israel; Massachusetts; Colorado
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      Krieger, Joshua Lev, Christopher Stanton, and James Barnett. "Forecasting ClimaCell." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 821-008, December 2020.
      • December 2020
      • Case

      Made In Space, Expectations Management, and the Business of In-Space Manufacturing

      By: Matthew C. Weinzierl and Mehak Sarang
      After having proven its base technology (3D printing) through NASA solicitations and contracts, Made In Space was searching for a viable commercial application. But the business case for the leading candidate, high-quality fiber optic cable for use on Earth, remained...  View Details
      Keywords: Aerospace; Space; Space Economy; 3d Printing; Manufacturing; Public-private Partnership; Partners And Partnerships; Strategy; Business And Government Relations; Aerospace Industry; Manufacturing Industry
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      Weinzierl, Matthew C., and Mehak Sarang. "Made In Space, Expectations Management, and the Business of In-Space Manufacturing." Harvard Business School Case 721-025, December 2020.
      • October 2020
      • Case

      When Institutions Fail: HIV/AIDS in the 1980s

      By: Tom Nicholas and Christian Godwin
      During the early 1980s, young gay men in urban centers such as San Francisco and New York City began contracting a mysterious illness that would come to be known as HIV/AIDS. A diagnosis meant almost certain death, with a less than 1% survival rate. Conflicting...  View Details
      Keywords: Ethics; Policy; Government And Politics; Health; History; Rights; Media; Organizations; Business And Community Relations; Religion; Social Psychology; Identity; Prejudice And Bias; Social Issues; Public Opinion; Pharmaceutical Industry; Biotechnology Industry; Health Industry; Journalism And News Industry; Media And Broadcasting Industry; Public Administration Industry; United States
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      Nicholas, Tom, and Christian Godwin. "When Institutions Fail: HIV/AIDS in the 1980s." Harvard Business School Case 821-002, October 2020.
      • October 2020
      • Article

      Corporate Legal Structure and Bank Loan Spread

      By: Anywhere (Siko) Sikochi
      This study examines how a corporate legal structure may affect borrowing costs. Corporate legal structure refers to the legal fragmentation of a firm into multiple, separately incorporated entities. This fragmentation is bound to be a factor when lenders determine the...  View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Legal Structure; Subsidiaries; Bank Loans; Minority Interest; Credit Risk; Organizational Structure; Business Subsidiaries; Financing And Loans
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      Sikochi, Anywhere (Siko). "Corporate Legal Structure and Bank Loan Spread." Journal of Corporate Finance 64 (October 2020).
      • October 2020
      • Article

      Collusion in Markets with Syndication

      By: John William Hatfield, Scott Duke Kominers, Richard Lowery and Jordan M. Barry
      Markets for IPOs and debt issuances are syndicated, in the sense that a bidder who wins a contract may invite losing bidders to join a syndicate that together fulfills the contract. We show that in markets with syndication, standard intuitions from industrial...  View Details
      Keywords: Collusion; Antitrust; Ipo Underwriting; Syndication; "repeated Games"; Markets; Game Theory
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      Hatfield, John William, Scott Duke Kominers, Richard Lowery, and Jordan M. Barry. "Collusion in Markets with Syndication." Journal of Political Economy 128, no. 10 (October 2020).
      • September 2020
      • Case

      Hitachi Rail Limited (A)

      By: David J. Collis, Akiko Kanno and Nobuo Sato
      Hitachi must decide whether to make a British executive, who has successfully built its European rail business from scratch, head of its global rail division even though the bulk of revenues for the unit still come from Japan. The case describes, the history of Hitachi...  View Details
      Keywords: Global Strategy; Leadership; Values And Beliefs; Human Resources; Globalized Firms And Management; Organizational Structure; Rail Industry; Japan
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      Collis, David J., Akiko Kanno, and Nobuo Sato. "Hitachi Rail Limited (A)." Harvard Business School Case 721-364, September 2020.
      • September 2020 (Revised December 2020)
      • Supplement

      Hitachi Rail Limited (B)

      By: David J. Collis, Akiko Kanno and Nobuo Sato
      Describes the strategy and organisation changes made by British executive, Alistair Domer, after he is made head of Hitachi Rail's global business. The company acquires an Italian company, continues to win contracts in the UK, but struggles to bring its greenfield...  View Details
      Keywords: Organization Structure; Leader Selection; Mergers & Acquisitions; Strategy; Global Strategy; Organizational Structure; Leadership; Integration; Values And Beliefs; Rail Industry; Japan
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      Collis, David J., Akiko Kanno, and Nobuo Sato. "Hitachi Rail Limited (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 721-365, September 2020. (Revised December 2020.)
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 3 Transaction Free Zones

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      In Chapter 2 we saw that the most economical locations for transactions in a task network are the so-called thin crossing points—places where transfers are easy to define, count and pay for. However, in many places in the task network, transfers of material, energy,...  View Details
      Keywords: Modularity; Technology; Organizations
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 3 Transaction Free Zones." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-031, August 2020.
      • 1992
      • Working Paper

      Employment versus Sub-Contracting: The Real Trade-Offs

      By: Amar Bhide and Howard Stevenson
      By many accounts, sub-contracting is in the vogue while traditional employment relationships are on the outs. Ten years ago free-lancers, independent subcontractors and the like accounted for about 10 percent of the labor force; today they constitute 25 percent. Of the...  View Details
      Keywords: Sub-contracting; Freelancers; Employment; Organizations; Theory
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      Bhide, Amar, and Howard Stevenson. "Employment versus Sub-Contracting: The Real Trade-Offs." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 88-046, March 1987. (Revised March 1992.)
      • Article

      Matching in Networks with Bilateral Contracts: Corrigendum

      By: John William Hatfield, Ravi Jagadeesan and Scott Duke Kominers
      Hatfield and Kominers (2012) introduced a model of matching in networks with bilateral contracts and showed that stable outcomes exist in supply chains when firms' preferences over contracts are fully substitutable. Hatfield and Kominers (2012) also asserted that in...  View Details
      Keywords: Matching With Contracts; Substitutability; Mathematical Methods
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      Hatfield, John William, Ravi Jagadeesan, and Scott Duke Kominers. "Matching in Networks with Bilateral Contracts: Corrigendum." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 12, no. 3 (August 2020): 277–285.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      What Can Economics Say About Alzheimer's Disease?

      By: Amitabh Chandra, Courtney Coile and Corina Mommaerts
      Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) affects one in ten people aged 65 or older and is the most expensive disease in the United States. We describe the central economic questions raised by AD. While there is overlap with the economics of aging, the defining features of the...  View Details
      Keywords: Health Disorders; Health Care And Treatment; Economics
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      Chandra, Amitabh, Courtney Coile, and Corina Mommaerts. "What Can Economics Say About Alzheimer's Disease?" NBER Working Paper Series, No. 27760, August 2020.
      • July 28, 2020
      • Article

      Economic Vulnerability of Households with Essential Workers

      By: Grace McCormack, Christopher Avery, Ariella Kahn-Lang Spitzer and Amitabh Chandra
      The label of “essential worker” reflects society’s needs but does not mean that society has compensated those workers for additional risks incurred on the job during the current pandemic. When an essential worker contracts severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus...  View Details
      Keywords: Essential Workers; Health Pandemics; Household; Financial Condition; United States
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      McCormack, Grace, Christopher Avery, Ariella Kahn-Lang Spitzer, and Amitabh Chandra. "Economic Vulnerability of Households with Essential Workers." JAMA, the Journal of the American Medical Association 324, no. 4 (July 28, 2020): 388–390.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      In a Pandemic, People Must Remember: Friends Are Contagious

      By: T. Schlager and A.V. Whillans
      This article reveals a behavioral tendency that may contribute to the spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Across seven studies—including two representative samples of Americans and Canadians (N = 3,408)—we show that people consistently underestimate...  View Details
      Keywords: Coronavirus; Behavior; Health Pandemics; Relationships; Risk And Uncertainty; Perception
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      Schlager, T., and A.V. Whillans. "In a Pandemic, People Must Remember: Friends Are Contagious." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-011, July 2020. (Revised September 2020.)
      • July 2020
      • Teaching Note

      COVID-19: The Global Shutdown

      By: Laura Alfaro and Sarah Jeong
      In the first months of 2020, a pandemic overwhelmed the world. COVID-19, commonly known as the coronavirus, spread from China and created a severe public health emergency across countries. While an immediate fear of the disease’s impact on human life permeaacted...  View Details
      Keywords: Covid-19; Health Pandemics; Trade; Microeconomics; Macroeconomics; Financial Crisis; Economy; Policy; Governance; Economic Systems; Economic Slowdown And Stagnation; Economic Sectors
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Sarah Jeong. "COVID-19: The Global Shutdown." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 321-021, July 2020.
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      Transaction Costs and the Duration of Contracts
      Relational Contracts
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