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    • Faculty Publications  (21)

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    • All HBS Web  (50)
      • Faculty Publications  (21)

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      • Winter 2022
      • Article

      Determinants of Small Business Reopening Decisions After COVID Restrictions Were Lifted

      By: Dylan Balla-Elliott, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca and Christopher Stanton
      The COVID-19 pandemic led to dramatic economic disruptions, including government-imposed restrictions that temporarily shuttered millions of American businesses. We use a nation-wide survey of thousands of small business owners to establish three main facts about...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19; Demand Forecasting; Reopening; Health Pandemics; Government Administration; Small Business
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      Balla-Elliott, Dylan, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca, and Christopher Stanton. "Determinants of Small Business Reopening Decisions After COVID Restrictions Were Lifted." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 41, no. 1 (Winter 2022): 278–317.
      • December 2021
      • Article

      Negativity Spreads More Than Positivity on Twitter after Both Positive and Negative Political Situations

      By: Jonas Paul Schöne, Brian Parkinson and Amit Goldenberg
      What type of emotional language spreads further in political discourses on social media? Previous research has focused on situations that primarily elicited negative emotions, showing that negative language tended to spread further. The current project extends existing...  View Details
      Keywords: Negative Emotions; Emotional Influence; Emotional Resonance; Political Discourse; Emotion Contagion; Intergroup; Interactive Communication; Emotions; Government and Politics; Social Media
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      Schöne, Jonas Paul, Brian Parkinson, and Amit Goldenberg. "Negativity Spreads More Than Positivity on Twitter after Both Positive and Negative Political Situations." Affective Science 2, no. 4 (December 2021): 379–390.
      • November 2021
      • Article

      Ratings, Reviews, and the Marketing of New Products

      By: Itay P. Fainmesser, Dominique Olié Lauga and Elie Ofek
      We study how user-generated content (UGC) about new products impacts a firm's advertising and pricing decisions and the effect on profits and market dynamics. We construct a two-period model where consumers value quality and are heterogeneous in their taste for the new...  View Details
      Keywords: Online Reviews; Product Ratings; Social Networks; Word Of Mouth; Pricing; User-generated Content; Advertising; Product Marketing; Price; Consumer Behavior; Product Positioning; Social Media
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      Fainmesser, Itay P., Dominique Olié Lauga, and Elie Ofek. "Ratings, Reviews, and the Marketing of New Products." Management Science 67, no. 11 (November 2021): 7023–7045.
      • January–February 2021
      • Article

      Making Space for Emotions: Empathy, Contagion, and Legitimacy’s Double-Edged Sword

      By: Andreea Gorbatai, Cyrus Dioun and Kisha Lashley
      Legitimacy is critical to the formation and expansion of nascent fields because it lends credibility and recognizability to once overlooked actors and practices. At the same time, legitimacy can be a double-edged sword precisely because it facilitates field growth,...  View Details
      Keywords: Legitimacy; Collective Identity; Emotional Contagion; Field-congifiguring Events; Empathy; Natural Language Processing; Mixed Methods; Organizational Culture; Emotions; Groups and Teams
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      Gorbatai, Andreea, Cyrus Dioun, and Kisha Lashley. "Making Space for Emotions: Empathy, Contagion, and Legitimacy’s Double-Edged Sword." Organization Science 32, no. 1 (January–February 2021): 42–63.
      • February 2021
      • Article

      Platform Diffusion at Temporary Gatherings: Social Coordination and Ecosystem Emergence

      By: Tommy Pan Fang, Andy Wu and David R. Clough
      Software platforms create value by cultivating an ecosystem of complementary products and services. Existing explanations for how a prospective complementor chooses platforms to join assume the complementor has rich information about the range of available platforms....  View Details
      Keywords: Innovation Ecosystems; Technology Diffusion; Hackathon; Contagion; Software Applications; Software Development; Software Engineering; Technology Strategy; Technology Adoption; Technological Innovation; Information Infrastructure; Innovation Strategy; Digital Platforms; Network Effects; Applications and Software; Information Technology; Technology Industry; Computer Industry; Information Technology Industry; Video Game Industry
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      Fang, Tommy Pan, Andy Wu, and David R. Clough. "Platform Diffusion at Temporary Gatherings: Social Coordination and Ecosystem Emergence." Art. 1. Strategic Management Journal 42, no. 2 (February 2021): 233–272. (Lead article.)
      • Feb 2021
      • Talk

      What Makes Groups Emotional?

      By: Amit Goldenberg
      Keywords: Emotion; Group Dynamics; Emotion Contagion
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      Goldenberg, Amit. "What Makes Groups Emotional?" University of California, Riverside, February 2021.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      The Unexpected Benefits and Underlying Motivations for Communicating COVID-19 Contagion Risks When Rejecting In-Person Social Invitations

      By: T. Schlager, A. Wilson and A.V. Whillans
      Across five studies (N=3,071), we explore the interpersonal consequences of COVID risk communication when rejecting social invitations. In Study 1, people underestimate the benefits and overestimate the costs of rejecting social invitations for risk-related reasons. In...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID; Social Invitations; Interpersonal Perception; Health Pandemics; Risk and Uncertainty; Interpersonal Communication
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      Schlager, T., A. Wilson, and A.V. Whillans. "The Unexpected Benefits and Underlying Motivations for Communicating COVID-19 Contagion Risks When Rejecting In-Person Social Invitations." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-012, July 2020.
      • April 2020
      • Article

      Digital Emotion Contagion

      By: Amit Goldenberg and James J. Gross
      People spend considerable time on digital media, and during this time they are often exposed to others’ emotion expressions. This exposure can lead their own emotion expressions to become more like others’ emotion expressions, a process we refer to as digital emotion...  View Details
      Keywords: Emotion; Emotion Contagion; Digital Media; Emotions; Media; Internet and the Web; Measurement and Metrics; Social Media
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      Goldenberg, Amit, and James J. Gross. "Digital Emotion Contagion." Trends in Cognitive Sciences 24, no. 4 (April 2020): 316–328.
      • Article

      Beyond Emotional Similarity: The Role of Situation-specific Motives

      By: Amit Goldenberg, David Garcia, Eran Halperin, Jamil Zaki, Danyang Kong, Golijeh Golarai and James J. Gross
      It is well established that people often express emotions that are similar to those of other group members. However, people do not always express emotions that are similar to other group members, and the factors that determine when similarity occurs are not yet clear....  View Details
      Keywords: Emotion Contagion; Emotional Influence; Motivation; Group Dynamics; Emotions; Situation or Environment; Motivation and Incentives; Behavior
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      Goldenberg, Amit, David Garcia, Eran Halperin, Jamil Zaki, Danyang Kong, Golijeh Golarai, and James J. Gross. "Beyond Emotional Similarity: The Role of Situation-specific Motives." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 149, no. 1 (January 2020): 138–159.
      • February 2018
      • Case

      Robert K. Steel at Wachovia (A)

      By: Gautam Mukunda, Nien-hê Hsieh and David Lane
      In September 2008, Robert Steel presided over the sale of Wachovia, a top U.S. bank, less than three months after becoming its CEO. Wachovia’s exposure to risky home loans led depositors and creditors to flee the bank on Friday, September 26, after the FDIC seized and...  View Details
      Keywords: Leadership; Financial Crisis; Robert Steel; Wachovia; Sheila Bair; Richard Kovacevich; Wells Fargo; Vikram Pandit; Citigroup; FDIC; Tim Geithner; Mortgage Lending; Contagion; Mergers And Acquisitions; Financial Services; Banking; Decision Making; Ethics; Fairness; Finance; Leadership Style; Crisis Management; Management Style; Risk Management; Negotiation; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Banking Industry; United States
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      Mukunda, Gautam, Nien-hê Hsieh, and David Lane. "Robert K. Steel at Wachovia (A)." Harvard Business School Case 418-055, February 2018.
      • February 2018
      • Supplement

      Robert K. Steel at Wachovia (B)

      By: Gautam Mukunda, Nien-hê Hsieh and David Lane
      In September 2008, Robert Steel presided over the sale of Wachovia, a top U.S. bank, less than three months after becoming its CEO. Wachovia’s exposure to risky home loans led depositors and creditors to flee the bank on Friday, September 26, after the FDIC seized and...  View Details
      Keywords: Leadership; Financial Crisis; Robert Steel; Wachovia; Sheila Bair; Richard Kovacevich; Wells Fargo; Vikram Pandit; Citigroup; FDIC; Tim Geithner; Mortgage Lending; Contagion; Mergers And Acquisitions; Financial Services; Banking; Decision Making; Ethics; Fairness; Finance; Leadership Style; Crisis Management; Management Style; Risk Management; Negotiation; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Banking Industry; United States
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      Mukunda, Gautam, Nien-hê Hsieh, and David Lane. "Robert K. Steel at Wachovia (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 418-056, February 2018.
      • January 2018 (Revised January 2021)
      • Background Note

      Customer Lifetime Social Value (CLSV)

      By: Elie Ofek, Barak Libai and Eitan Muller
      One of the hallmarks of the digital revolution is the rise of the socially connected consumer. Concomitantly, the ability of companies to affect and measure the social interactions among customers has grown tremendously. Consequently, in assessing the full value of...  View Details
      Keywords: Customer Lifetime Value; Customer Management; Social Contagion; Word Of Mouth; Customer Engagement; Customer Value and Value Chain; Measurement and Metrics; Customer Relationship Management
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      Ofek, Elie, Barak Libai, and Eitan Muller. "Customer Lifetime Social Value (CLSV)." Harvard Business School Background Note 518-077, January 2018. (Revised January 2021.)
      • 2016
      • Article

      Vicarious Contagion Decreases Differentiation—and Comes with Costs

      By: Ovul Sezer and Michael I. Norton
      Baumeister et al. propose that individual differentiation is a crucial determinant of group success. We apply their model to processes lying in between the individual and the group—vicarious processes. We review literature in four domains—attitudes, emotions, moral...  View Details
      Keywords: Moral Sensibility; Behavior; Groups and Teams; Attitudes; Emotions
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      Sezer, Ovul, and Michael I. Norton. "Vicarious Contagion Decreases Differentiation—and Comes with Costs." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 39 (2016): e162.
      • March 2015
      • Article

      Vulnerable Banks

      By: Robin Greenwood, Augustin Landier and David Thesmar
      We present a model in which fire sales propagate shocks across bank balance sheets. When a bank experiences a negative shock to its equity, a natural way to return to target leverage is to sell assets. If potential buyers are limited, then asset sales depress prices,...  View Details
      Keywords: Financial Liquidity; Financial Crisis; Banks and Banking; Banking Industry; Europe
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      Greenwood, Robin, Augustin Landier, and David Thesmar. "Vulnerable Banks." Journal of Financial Economics 115, no. 3 (March 2015): 471–485.
      • June 2014
      • Article

      Frictions in Shadow Banking: Evidence from the Lending Behavior of Money Market Funds

      By: Sergey Chernenko and Adi Sunderam
      We document the consequences of money market fund risk taking during the European sovereign debt crisis. Using a novel data set of security-level holdings of prime money market funds, we show that funds with large exposures to risky Eurozone banks suffered significant...  View Details
      Keywords: Money Market Mutual Funds; European Sovereign Debt Crisis; Runs; Contagion; Risk Taking; Investment Funds; Financial Crisis; Europe
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      Chernenko, Sergey, and Adi Sunderam. "Frictions in Shadow Banking: Evidence from the Lending Behavior of Money Market Funds." Review of Financial Studies 27, no. 6 (June 2014): 1717–1750.
      • Article

      Contagion of Cooperation in Static and Fluid Social Networks

      By: Jillian J. Jordan, David G. Rand, Samuel Arbesman, James H. Fowler and Nicholas A. Christakis
      Cooperation is essential for successful human societies. Thus, understanding how cooperative and selfish behaviors spread from person to person is a topic of theoretical and practical importance. Previous laboratory experiments provide clear evidence of social...  View Details
      Keywords: Social Contagion; Social Networks; Cooperation; Behavior; Social Media
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      Jordan, Jillian J., David G. Rand, Samuel Arbesman, James H. Fowler, and Nicholas A. Christakis. "Contagion of Cooperation in Static and Fluid Social Networks." PLoS ONE 8, no. 6 (June 2013).
      • September 2012 (Revised July 2013)
      • Case

      Can the Eurozone Survive?

      By: Dante Roscini and Jonathan Schlefer
      The sovereign debt crisis that took Greece by storm in 2010 began to spread to other European markets. Within a few months Ireland and Portugal had also lost access to the sovereign debt markets and had to rely on supranational loans for their financing. The risk of...  View Details
      Keywords: Sovereign Debt Crisis; Currency Areas; Financial Crisis; Borrowing and Debt; Currency Exchange Rate; International Relations; Banking Industry; European Union; Germany; France; Italy; Spain; Greece; Portugal
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      Roscini, Dante, and Jonathan Schlefer. "Can the Eurozone Survive?" Harvard Business School Case 713-034, September 2012. (Revised July 2013.)
      • Article

      Contagion and Differentiation in Unethical Behavior: The Effect of One Bad Apple on the Barrel

      By: F. Gino, S. Ayal and D. Ariely
      In a world where encounters with dishonesty are frequent, it is important to know if exposure to other people's unethical behavior can increase or decrease an individual's dishonesty. In Experiment 1, our confederate cheated ostentatiously by finishing a task...  View Details
      Keywords: Ethics; Behavior
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      Gino, F., S. Ayal, and D. Ariely. "Contagion and Differentiation in Unethical Behavior: The Effect of One Bad Apple on the Barrel." Psychological Science 20, no. 3 (March 2009): 393–398.
      • Article

      Contagion or Restitution? When Bad Apples can Motivate Ethical Behavior

      By: F. Gino, J. Gu and C. B. Zhong
      Keywords: Ethics; Behavior; Motivation and Incentives
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      Gino, F., J. Gu, and C. B. Zhong. "Contagion or Restitution? When Bad Apples can Motivate Ethical Behavior." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 45, no. 6 (November 2009): 1299–1302.
      • Article

      A Public Health Approach to Negative News Media: The 3-to-1 Solution

      By: Tyler VanderWeele and Arthur C. Brooks
      There is clear evidence that the prevalence of negative media reporting has increased substantially over the past years. There is evidence also that this negative reporting adversely affects social interactions, as well as health and well-being outcomes. Given the wide...  View Details
      Keywords: News; Social Networks; Contagion; Population Health; Media; Health; Welfare; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Journalism and News Industry
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      VanderWeele, Tyler, and Arthur C. Brooks. "A Public Health Approach to Negative News Media: The 3-to-1 Solution." American Journal of Health Promotion (in press).
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