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- July 2023 (Revised August 2024)
- Case
Revenue Recognition at Stride Funding: Making Sense of Revenues for a Fintech Startup
By: Paul M. Healy and Jung Koo Kang
The case explores the challenges of revenue recognition and financial reporting for Stride Funding (Stride), a fintech startup that has disrupted the student loan market. Stride leveraged proprietary machine learning and financial models to underwrite alternative...
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Keywords:
Revenue Recognition;
Financial Reporting;
Entrepreneurial Finance;
Business Startups;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Governance Compliance;
Accrual Accounting;
Financial Services Industry;
United States
Healy, Paul M., and Jung Koo Kang. "Revenue Recognition at Stride Funding: Making Sense of Revenues for a Fintech Startup." Harvard Business School Case 124-015, July 2023. (Revised August 2024.)
- September 2022 (Revised January 2023)
- Case
York Capital CLOs and WorldStrides International
By: Victoria Ivashina and William Vrattos
The case follows the debt restructuring of WorldStrides International, a travel program provider in the education market, after the onset of COVID-19. The pandemic severely impacted the travel industry, creating challenges for many companies like WorldStrides, which...
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Keywords:
COVID-19 Pandemic;
Debt Restructuring;
CLO;
Compliance;
Debt Securities;
Financing and Loans;
Decision Making;
Travel Industry;
Education Industry
Ivashina, Victoria, and William Vrattos. "York Capital CLOs and WorldStrides International." Harvard Business School Case 223-034, September 2022. (Revised January 2023.)
- Article
Cash-for-Information Whistleblower Programs: Effects on Whistleblowing and Consequences for Whistleblowers
By: Aiyesha Dey, Jonas Heese and Gerardo Pérez Cavazos
Cash-for-information whistleblower programs have gained momentum as a regulatory tool to enforce corporate misconduct. Yet, little is known about how financial incentives affect whistleblowers’ decisions to report potential misconduct to authorities. Similarly, there...
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Keywords:
Corporate Misconduct;
Whistleblowers;
Financial Incentives;
Ethics;
Governance Compliance;
Lawsuits and Litigation
Dey, Aiyesha, Jonas Heese, and Gerardo Pérez Cavazos. "Cash-for-Information Whistleblower Programs: Effects on Whistleblowing and Consequences for Whistleblowers." Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance (June 10, 2021).
- Article
Manage the Suppliers That Could Harm Your Brand: Know When to Avoid, Engage, or Drop Them
By: Jodi L Short and Michael W. Toffel
The pandemic has placed a new spotlight on working conditions in factories that supply global companies. To avert problems, firms often impose codes of conduct on their suppliers and perform audits to assess compliance. Do these measures help identify unethical...
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Keywords:
Auditing;
Agency Cost;
Quality And Safety;
Quality Management System;
Quality Management;
Unions;
Environmental Management;
Globalization;
Goods and Commodities;
Governance;
Labor;
Labor Unions;
Wages;
Working Conditions;
Operations;
Supply Chain;
Safety;
Quality;
China;
Bangladesh;
Asia;
Pakistan
Short, Jodi L., and Michael W. Toffel. "Manage the Suppliers That Could Harm Your Brand: Know When to Avoid, Engage, or Drop Them." Harvard Business Review 99, no. 2 (March–April 2021).
- Article
Returnable Reciprocity: Returnable Gifts Are More Effective than Unreturnable Gifts at Promoting Virtuous Behaviors
By: J.J. Zlatev and Rogers, T.
Increasing virtuous behaviors, such as initiating healthy habits, is an important goal for policymakers and social scientists. To promote compliance with requests to perform virtuous behaviors, we study “returnable reciprocity.” Whereas traditional reciprocity involves...
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Keywords:
Nudges;
Reciprocity;
Want-should Conflicts;
Wellness;
Health;
Behavior;
Change;
Well-being
Zlatev, J.J., and Rogers, T. "Returnable Reciprocity: Returnable Gifts Are More Effective than Unreturnable Gifts at Promoting Virtuous Behaviors." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 161, Supplement (November 2020): 74–84.
- November 2020
- Article
When the Boss Comes to Town: The Effects of Headquarters' Visits on Facility-Level Misconduct
By: Jonas Heese and Gerardo Pérez Cavazos
We study the effects of headquarters’ visits on facility-level misconduct. We use the staggered introduction of airline routes to identify exogenous travel-time reductions between headquarters and facilities and test whether such reductions affect facility-level...
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Keywords:
Corporate Misconduct;
Visits By Management;
Flight Routes;
Control Systems;
Compliance Programs;
Performance Pressure;
Business or Company Management;
Management Systems;
Governance Controls;
Governance Compliance;
Performance Expectations
Heese, Jonas, and Gerardo Pérez Cavazos. "When the Boss Comes to Town: The Effects of Headquarters' Visits on Facility-Level Misconduct." Accounting Review 95, no. 6 (November 2020): 235–261.
- August 2020
- Article
Improving Working Conditions in Global Supply Chains: The Role of Institutional Environments and Monitoring Program Design
By: Jodi L. Short, Michael W. Toffel and Andrea R. Hugill
Activism seeking to improve labor conditions in global supply chains has led many transnational corporations to adopt codes of conduct and monitor suppliers for compliance. Drawing on thousands of audits conducted by a major social auditor, we identify structural...
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Keywords:
Monitoring;
Supplier Relationship;
Sustainability;
Sustainability Management;
Sustainable Operations;
Sustainable Supply Chains;
NGO;
Operations;
Supply Chain Management;
Governance Compliance;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Global Range;
Working Conditions
Short, Jodi L., Michael W. Toffel, and Andrea R. Hugill. "Improving Working Conditions in Global Supply Chains: The Role of Institutional Environments and Monitoring Program Design." ILR Review 73, no. 4 (August 2020): 873–912.
- Article
Paper Versus Practice: A Field Investigation of Integrity Hotlines
By: Eugene Soltes
In an effort to motivate firms to more rapidly detect potential misconduct, legislators, regulators, and enforcement agencies incentivize firms to have integrity or “whistleblowing” hotlines. These hotlines provide individuals an opportunity to report alleged...
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Keywords:
Hotlines;
Compliance Programs;
Corporate Misconduct;
Governance Compliance;
Programs;
Performance
Soltes, Eugene. "Paper Versus Practice: A Field Investigation of Integrity Hotlines." Journal of Accounting Research 58, no. 2 (May 2020): 429–472.
- January 2019
- Case
Accenture's Code of Business Ethics
By: Eugene Soltes
Leaders of Accenture’s compliance and ethics program are seeking to design a new code of business ethics for its global workforce of over 400,000 employees. The case explores the decision-making process that went into the design process and ultimately how they created...
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Soltes, Eugene. "Accenture's Code of Business Ethics." Harvard Business School Case 119-049, January 2019.
- Article
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Corporate Compliance Programs: Establishing a Model for Prosecutors, Courts, and Firms
By: Eugene F. Soltes
When prosecutors, courts, and regulators make charging and sentencing decisions, they must evaluate whether firms have effective compliance programs. Such evaluations are difficult because of the challenges associated with measuring effectiveness. Notably, these...
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Keywords:
Corporate Governance;
Governance Compliance;
Performance Effectiveness;
Performance Evaluation
Soltes, Eugene F. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Corporate Compliance Programs: Establishing a Model for Prosecutors, Courts, and Firms." NYU Journal of Law & Business 14, no. 3 (Summer 2018): 965–1011.
- May 2018 (Revised January 2019)
- Teaching Note
Designing a Compliance Program at AB InBev
By: Eugene Soltes
Teaching Note for HBS No. 118-071.
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- March 2018 (Revised April 2018)
- Case
Designing a Compliance Program at AB InBev
By: Eugene Soltes
Compliance programs help companies align the interests and behavior of employees with external expectations and regulation. The case discusses how AB InBev, a major brewer, developed its compliance program.
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Keywords:
Governance;
Crime and Corruption;
Governance Compliance;
Consumer Products Industry;
Africa;
Europe;
India;
North America
Soltes, Eugene. "Designing a Compliance Program at AB InBev." Harvard Business School Case 118-071, March 2018. (Revised April 2018.)
- Article
Why Compliance Programs Fail: And How to Fix Them
By: Hui Chen and Eugene Soltes
Firms spend millions of dollars annually on whistle-blower hotlines, training, and other efforts to ensure adherence to laws, regulations, and company policies. Yet malfeasance remains entrenched in the corporate world. Why? Too many firms treat compliance as a...
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Keywords:
Governance Compliance;
Programs;
Employees;
Training;
Performance Effectiveness;
Measurement and Metrics
Chen, Hui, and Eugene Soltes. "Why Compliance Programs Fail: And How to Fix Them." Harvard Business Review 96, no. 2 (March–April 2018): 116–125.
- August 2015 (Revised October 2017)
- Case
Turnaround at Norsk Gjenvinning (A)
By: George Serafeim
Erik Osmundsen, CEO of Norsk Gjenvinning (NG), had initiated a program to strenghten corporate governance, eliminate corruption and improve compliance, and as a result the company had experienced a turnover of almost half of its top 70 line managers and strained...
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Keywords:
Change Leadership;
Governance;
Compliance;
Waste Management;
Environmental Impact;
Social Responsibility;
Industry Regulation;
Regulatory Enforcement;
Turnaround;
Turn Around Management;
Corruption;
Leading Change;
Change Management;
Crime and Corruption;
Governance Compliance;
Wastes and Waste Processing;
Industrial Products Industry;
Norway;
Scandinavia;
Europe
Serafeim, George, and Shannon Gombos. "Turnaround at Norsk Gjenvinning (A)." Harvard Business School Case 116-012, August 2015. (Revised October 2017.)
- 2012
- White Paper
Robust Enforcement Should Complement Voluntary Regulation
By: Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
Spurred by the anti-regulation movement that started in the 1970s, voluntary self-regulation programs have emerged in many regulatory agencies, seeking to increase cooperation between government and industry to achieve greater and more cost-effective compliance....
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Short, Jodi L., and Michael W. Toffel. "Robust Enforcement Should Complement Voluntary Regulation." Georgetown University Economic Policy Vignette, September 2012.
- January 2012
- Background Note
Legal Compliance Programs
By: Lynn S. Paine and Lara Adamsons
Paine, Lynn S., and Lara Adamsons. "Legal Compliance Programs." Harvard Business School Background Note 312-111, January 2012.
- September 2011
- Article
A Global Leader's Guide to Managing Business Conduct
An extensive global survey by three Harvard Business School professors finds that employees agree on core standards of corporate behavior. But meeting those standards will require new approaches to managing business conduct. The compliance and ethics programs of most...
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Keywords:
Leadership;
Management;
Ethics;
Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues;
Globalized Firms and Management;
Standards;
Corporate Accountability;
Corporate Governance
Paine, Lynn S., Rohit Deshpandé, and Joshua D. Margolis. "A Global Leader's Guide to Managing Business Conduct." Harvard Business Review 89, no. 9 (September 2011). (Online edition.)
- August 2011
- Article
Coming Clean and Cleaning Up: Does Voluntary Self-Reporting Indicate Effective Self-Policing
By: Michael W. Toffel and Jodi L. Short
Regulatory agencies are increasingly establishing voluntary self-reporting programs both as an investigative tool and to encourage regulated firms to commit to policing themselves. We investigate whether voluntary self-reporting can reliably indicate effective...
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Keywords:
Environmental Sustainability;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Programs;
Governance Compliance;
Corporate Disclosure;
Law Enforcement
Toffel, Michael W., and Jodi L. Short. "Coming Clean and Cleaning Up: Does Voluntary Self-Reporting Indicate Effective Self-Policing." Journal of Law & Economics 54, no. 3 (August 2011): 609–649.
- Article
The Causes and Consequences of Industry Self-Policing
By: Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
Innovative regulatory programs are encouraging firms to police their own regulatory compliance and voluntarily disclose, or "confess," the violations they find. Despite the "win-win" rhetoric surrounding these government voluntary programs, it is not clear why...
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Short, Jodi L., and Michael W. Toffel. "The Causes and Consequences of Industry Self-Policing." Yale Economic Review 4, no. 2 (Summer 2008).
- May 2008
- Article
Coerced Confessions: Self-Policing in the Shadow of the Regulator
By: Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
As part of a recent trend toward more cooperative relations between regulators and industry, novel government programs are encouraging firms to monitor their own regulatory compliance and voluntarily report their own violations. In this study, we examine how regulatory...
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Keywords:
Governance Compliance;
Law Enforcement;
Corporate Disclosure;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Environmental Sustainability;
Programs;
Power and Influence;
Organizations;
Decisions;
Business and Government Relations;
United States
Short, Jodi L., and Michael W. Toffel. "Coerced Confessions: Self-Policing in the Shadow of the Regulator." Journal of Law, Economics & Organization 24, no. 1 (May 2008): 45–71.