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      • Faculty Publications  (691)

      Complexity Remove Complexity →

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      Complexity
      Skip to Main Content Cold Call A podcast featuring faculty discussing cases they've written and the lessons they impart. Subscribe on iTunes 29 Sep...
      ‘Organizing’, ‘Innovating’, and ‘Managing’ in Complexity Space
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      • February 2021
      • Case

      Barbarians at the Gate or Turnaround Gurus? Private Equity and the Rise of the LBO

      By: Tom Nicholas and John Masko
      During the 1980s, leveraged buyouts (LBOs) and the private equity (PE) firms responsible for carrying them out revolutionized both investment and management in the U.S. Between 1980 and 1989, buyout activity in the U.S. surged from $1 billion per year to $60 billion....  View Details
      Keywords: Leveraged Buyouts; Mergers And Acquisitions; Business Conglomerates; Restructuring; Borrowing And Debt; Private Equity; Bonds; Investment Return; Institutional Investing; Profit Sharing; Business History; Management Style; Private Ownership; Performance Effectiveness; Value Creation; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Nicholas, Tom, and John Masko. "Barbarians at the Gate or Turnaround Gurus? Private Equity and the Rise of the LBO." Harvard Business School Case 821-016, February 2021.
      • February 2021
      • Case

      AptDeco: Circular Economy Furniture Marketplace

      By: Ayelet Israeli and Jamie Merkrebs
      AptDeco, a used furniture marketplace was growing rapidly in the tri-state area. The Co-Founders were confident that the business model, financial position, and unit economics positioned AptDeco for scaling in the massive $120 billion furniture market, despite its...  View Details
      Keywords: E-commerce; E-commerce Strategy; Mobile; Digital Marketing; Word-of-mouth; Word-of-mouth Marketing; Word Of Mouth; Internet Marketing; Growth And Development Strategy; Growth Strategy; Platform; Platforms; Two Sided Markets; Two-sided Market; Two-sided Marketplace; Two-sided Markets; Two-sided Platforms; Two-sided Network; Black Entrepreneurs; Black Leadership; African Americans; Circular; Peer-to-peer Markets; Furniture Industry; Furniture; Growth Hacking; Monetization Strategy; Growth Management; Marketing Strategy; Entrepreneurship; Market Platforms; Marketing Channels; Online Advertising; Consumer Behavior; Acquisition; Growth And Development Strategy; Customer Focus And Relationships; Retail Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Technology Industry; Web Services Industry; United States; North America; New York (city, Ny); New York (state, Us)
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      Israeli, Ayelet, and Jamie Merkrebs. "AptDeco: Circular Economy Furniture Marketplace." Harvard Business School Case 521-069, February 2021.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      The Health Costs of Cost-Sharing

      By: Amitabh Chandra, Evan Flack and Ziad Obermeyer
      We use the design of Medicare’s prescription drug benefit program to demonstrate three facts about the health consequences of cost-sharing. First, we show that an as-if-random increase of 33.6% in out-of-pocket price (11.0 percentage points (p.p.) change in...  View Details
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      Chandra, Amitabh, Evan Flack, and Ziad Obermeyer. "The Health Costs of Cost-Sharing." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 28439, February 2021.
      • January 2021
      • Case

      Brigad: The Future of Work

      By: Nien-he Hsieh, Elena Corsi and Daniela Beyersdorfer
      In 2019 Florent Malbranche, CEO and co-founder of the French tech startup Brigad, pondered the next growth steps. Founded in 2015, Brigad’s objective was two-fold: to help restaurants and bars find qualified staff for punctual shifts, and to make it easier for...  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship
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      Hsieh, Nien-he, Elena Corsi, and Daniela Beyersdorfer. "Brigad: The Future of Work." Harvard Business School Case 321-104, January 2021.
      • January 2021
      • Case

      Hester Pharmaceuticals (A): A Pricing Dilemma

      By: Dante Roscini and John Masko
      In August 2019, the leadership of Hester Pharmaceuticals (Hester) had a problem. Italy promised to be a key market for their new breakthrough oncology drug Akrozumab, but for almost two years, its single-payer healthcare system had been unable to agree with Hester on a...  View Details
      Keywords: Macroeconomics; Trade; Price; Global Range; Global Strategy; Globalized Markets And Industries; Health Care And Treatment; Patents; Monopoly; Negotiation; Business And Government Relations; Risk And Uncertainty; Human Needs; Business Strategy; Commercialization; Pharmaceutical Industry; Italy
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      Roscini, Dante, and John Masko. "Hester Pharmaceuticals (A): A Pricing Dilemma." Harvard Business School Case 721-001, January 2021.
      • January 2021
      • Case

      Jumia's Path to Profitability

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Pippa Tubman Armerding and Gamze Yucaoglu
      The case opens in September 2019 as Sacha Poignonnec and Jeremy Hodara, co-founders and co-CEOs of Jumia, the leading Pan-African e-commerce platform, are contemplating the company’s path to profitability in the aftermath of a fragile investor sentiment, as the company...  View Details
      Keywords: Retail; Business Models; Business Model; Business Startups; Emerging Markets; For-profit Firms; Strategy; Technology Platform; Information Technology; Technology Adoption; Value Creation; Globalization; Entrepreneurship; Competition; Expansion; Logistics; Profit; Resource Allocation; Diversification; Corporate Strategy; Retail Industry; Technology Industry; Africa
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, Pippa Tubman Armerding, and Gamze Yucaoglu. "Jumia's Path to Profitability." Harvard Business School Case 721-355, January 2021.
      • 2021
      • Chapter

      International Business History and the Strategy of Multinational Enterprises: How History Matters

      By: Geoffrey Jones and Teresa da Silva Lopes
      This chapter provides an overview of the evolution of international business over the long-run as well as the strategies of MNEs. It highlights how strategies became more complex over time with MNEs moving from being coordinators of resources and managers of...  View Details
      Keywords: Multinational; International Business; Internalization; Globalization; Theory; Multinational Firms And Management; Business History; Africa; Asia; Europe; Latin America; Middle East; North And Central America
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      Jones, Geoffrey, and Teresa da Silva Lopes. "International Business History and the Strategy of Multinational Enterprises: How History Matters." Chap. 2 in The Oxford Handbook of International Business Strategy, edited by Kamel Mellahi, Klaus E. Meyer, Rajneesh Narula, Irina Surdu, and Alain Verbeke. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2021.
      • December 2020
      • Article

      Multinational Firms and the Politics of International Trade in Multidisciplinary Perspective

      By: Grace A. Ballor and Aydin B. Yildirim
      From the technical analyses of wide ranges of scholars to the public discourse backlashes against globalization, there is a huge volume of work historicizing, quantifying, and problematizing the complex role of multinational corporations (MNCs) in international trade....  View Details
      Keywords: Multinational Corporations; International Trade; Big Business; Economic Governance; Global Value Chains; Trade Policy; Corporate Regulation; Multinational Firms And Management; Trade; Policy; Governance; Globalization
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      Ballor, Grace A., and Aydin B. Yildirim. "Multinational Firms and the Politics of International Trade in Multidisciplinary Perspective." Special Issue on Multinational Corporations and the Politics of International Trade. Business and Politics 22, no. 4 (December 2020): 573–586.
      • December 2020
      • Article

      The Parable of the Auctioneer: Complexity in Paul R. Milgrom's Discovering Prices

      By: Scott Duke Kominers and Alexander Teytelboym
      Designing marketplaces in complex settings requires both novel economic theory and real-world engineering, often drawing upon ideas from fields such as computer science and operations research. In Discovering Prices, Milgrom (2017) explains the theory and design...  View Details
      Keywords: Pricing; Design; Auctions; Market Design; complexity
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      Kominers, Scott Duke, and Alexander Teytelboym. "The Parable of the Auctioneer: Complexity in Paul R. Milgrom's Discovering Prices." Journal of Economic Literature 58, no. 4 (December 2020): 1180–1196.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Nonprofit Boards: It Is time to Lift Your Gaze and See the System

      By: Shamal Dass, Kristy Muir and V. Kasturi Rangan
      Nonprofits the world over have faced significant crises in 2020, leaving them and their constituents in precarious positions. Responses to these crises have demonstrated incredible agility. However, they have also demonstrated that the first two levels of governance...  View Details
      Keywords: Nonprofit Organizations; Governing And Advisory Boards; Health Pandemics; Governance; Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact; System; Framework
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      Dass, Shamal, Kristy Muir, and V. Kasturi Rangan. "Nonprofit Boards: It Is time to Lift Your Gaze and See the System." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-058, November 2020.
      • November 2020 (Revised February 2021)
      • Case

      CommonSpirit Health: Integrating a Merger of Equals

      By: Robert S. Huckman, Hise Gibson and Nicole Gilmore
      Soon after closing the 2019 merger of Catholic Health Initiatives (CHI) and Dignity Health to create CommonSpirit Health, Lloyd Dean and Kevin Lofton--jointly appointed to the role of CEO--must make several operational and strategic decisions related to the integration...  View Details
      Keywords: Health Care Delivery; Hospital; Merger; Merger Integration; Hospital Mergers; Health Information Technology; Ceos; Health Care And Treatment; Mergers And Acquisitions; Integration; Leadership; Health Industry; United States
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      Huckman, Robert S., Hise Gibson, and Nicole Gilmore. "CommonSpirit Health: Integrating a Merger of Equals." Harvard Business School Case 621-034, November 2020. (Revised February 2021.)
      • October 2020
      • Case

      John Branca: Negotiating the Beatles' Northern Songs Catalog (A)

      By: James K. Sebenius and Alex Green
      In 1985, pop music superstar Michael Jackson instructed his attorney, John Branca, to make a bid for the Northern Songs music catalog, which contained the songs of the Beatles. In a challenging negotiation with Australian media baron Robert Holmes à Court, Branca...  View Details
      Keywords: Negotiation; Entertainment; Music Entertainment; Strategy; Music Industry; Entertainment And Recreation Industry; United States; United Kingdom
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      Sebenius, James K., and Alex Green. "John Branca: Negotiating the Beatles' Northern Songs Catalog (A)." Harvard Business School Case 921-009, October 2020.
      • October 6, 2020
      • Article

      COVID-19 Is Rewriting the Rules of Corporate Governance

      By: Lynn S. Paine
      Boards are facing a complex new reality as a result of COVID-19. The new environment is characterized by pressures and demands from various stakeholder groups, heightened expectations for societal engagement and corporate citizenship, and radical uncertainty about the...  View Details
      Keywords: Health Pandemics; Corporate Governance; Governing And Advisory Boards
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      Paine, Lynn S. "COVID-19 Is Rewriting the Rules of Corporate Governance." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (October 6, 2020).
      • October 2020
      • Article

      Corporate Legal Structure and Bank Loan Spread

      By: Anywhere (Siko) Sikochi
      This study examines how a corporate legal structure may affect borrowing costs. Corporate legal structure refers to the legal fragmentation of a firm into multiple, separately incorporated entities. This fragmentation is bound to be a factor when lenders determine the...  View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Legal Structure; Subsidiaries; Bank Loans; Minority Interest; Credit Risk; Organizational Structure; Business Subsidiaries; Financing And Loans
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      Sikochi, Anywhere (Siko). "Corporate Legal Structure and Bank Loan Spread." Journal of Corporate Finance 64 (October 2020).
      • October 2020
      • Article

      Task Selection and Workload: A Focus on Completing Easy Tasks Hurts Long-Term Performance

      By: Diwas S. KC, Bradley R. Staats, Maryam Kouchaki and Francesca Gino
      How individuals manage, organize, and complete their tasks is central to operations management. Recent research in operations focuses on how under conditions of increasing workload individuals can decrease their service time, up to a point, in order to complete work...  View Details
      Keywords: Healthcare; Knowledge Work; Discretion; Workload; Employees; Health Care And Treatment; Decision Making; Performance Effectiveness; Performance Productivity
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      KC, Diwas S., Bradley R. Staats, Maryam Kouchaki, and Francesca Gino. "Task Selection and Workload: A Focus on Completing Easy Tasks Hurts Long-Term Performance." Management Science 66, no. 10 (October 2020).
      • September 2020 (Revised January 2021)
      • Case

      Comviva: Exploring New Frontiers (A)

      By: Dante Roscini and Mahima Rao-Kachroo
      Comviva, a mobile solutions provider active in India and 94 other countries, has had a rich history and been successful across many emerging and complex markets: Latin America, South-East Asia, Africa. What are the lessons learnt from expansion, cultural fits, and...  View Details
      Keywords: Internet; Acquisition; Emerging Markets; Cross-cultural And Cross-border Issues; Mobile Technology; Growth And Development Strategy; Telecommunications Industry; India; South Asia
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      Roscini, Dante, and Mahima Rao-Kachroo. "Comviva: Exploring New Frontiers (A)." Harvard Business School Case 721-006, September 2020. (Revised January 2021.)
      • September 2020
      • Case

      Enabling Teamwork at the Cleveland Clinic

      By: Amy C. Edmondson and Michaela J. Kerrissey
      This case examines efforts to foster teamwork within and across work units in the Cleveland Clinic, a large, distributed healthcare delivery organization. With a long history of valuing teamwork since its founding in 1921, the Clinic had taken dramatic steps to further...  View Details
      Keywords: Teamwork; Teaming; Health Care; Health Care And Treatment; Groups And Teams; Health Industry; United States
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      Edmondson, Amy C., and Michaela J. Kerrissey. "Enabling Teamwork at the Cleveland Clinic." Harvard Business School Case 621-040, September 2020.
      • September 2020
      • Case

      Chip and Joanna Gaines' Magnolia Network

      By: Anita Elberse and Julia McNicholas
      Chip and Joanna Gaines, who have shot to fame as stars of the hit television show Fixer Upper, are preparing to launch their own television network. It is April 2019, a year since the home-renovation show Fixer Upper’s fifth season on cable channel HGTV ended, and more...  View Details
      Keywords: Entertainment; Television; Superstars; Innovation; Creative Industries; Talent; General Management; Celebrities; Television Entertainment; Entrepreneurship; Joint Ventures; Innovation And Invention; Marketing; Strategy; Entertainment And Recreation Industry; Media And Broadcasting Industry
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      Elberse, Anita, and Julia McNicholas. "Chip and Joanna Gaines' Magnolia Network." Harvard Business School Case 521-044, September 2020.
      • September 2020
      • Case

      Apple Bets on Augmented Reality

      By: Rory McDonald, David Lane and Mel Martin
      In 2020, augmented reality (AR) was still a nascent technology with blockbuster potential, one which Apple was actively developing as its iPhone franchise waned. But the emergence of AR was uneven, including the disappointing Google Glass and the unexpected viral...  View Details
      Keywords: Augmented Reality; Industry Structures; Product Development; Commercialization; Competition; Corporate Strategy; Diversification; Technology; Technology Adoption; Information Technology Industry; Technology Industry; Video Game Industry
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      McDonald, Rory, David Lane, and Mel Martin. "Apple Bets on Augmented Reality." Harvard Business School Case 621-007, September 2020.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 7 The Value Structure of Technologies, Part 2: Strategy without Numbers

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      Functional analysis as set forth in the last chapter decomposes a technical system into functional components that do things to advance the system’s purpose and the goals of its designers. Functional analysis in turn can be used to construct value structure maps...  View Details
      Keywords: Modularity; Value Structure Mapping; Value Capture; Technology; Organizations; Strategy; Value Creation
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 7 The Value Structure of Technologies, Part 2: Strategy without Numbers." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-040, September 2020.
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      Skip to Main Content Cold Call A podcast featuring faculty discussing cases they've written and the lessons they impart. Subscribe on iTunes 29 Sep...
      ‘Organizing’, ‘Innovating’, and ‘Managing’ in Complexity Space
      → Search All HBS Web
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