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    • All HBS Web  (167)
      • Faculty Publications  (40)

      Complementarities Remove Complementarities →

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      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 5 Complementarity
      Labor Market Institutions and Global Strategic Adaptation: Evidence from Lincoln Electric
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      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Institutional Spillovers: Evidence from Behavioral Interventions in Handwashing

      By: Reshmaan Hussam and Dayea Oh
      We study the process of behavioral change across institutions in the context of handwashing in rural Bangladesh. We randomize an education treatment in classrooms to trace school-to-home learning and randomize the proportion of students who receive handwashing...  View Details
      Keywords: Handwashing; Interventions; Health; Behavior; Change; Bangladesh
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      Hussam, Reshmaan, and Dayea Oh. "Institutional Spillovers: Evidence from Behavioral Interventions in Handwashing." Working Paper, January 2021.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 7 The Value Structure of Technologies, Part 2: Strategy without Numbers

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      Functional analysis as set forth in the last chapter decomposes a technical system into functional components that do things to advance the system’s purpose and the goals of its designers. Functional analysis in turn can be used to construct value structure maps...  View Details
      Keywords: Modularity; Value Structure Mapping; Value Capture; Technology; Organizations; Strategy; Value Creation
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 7 The Value Structure of Technologies, Part 2: Strategy without Numbers." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-040, September 2020.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 5 Ecosystems and Complementarities

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      The purpose of this chapter is to introduce two new building blocks to the theory of how technology shapes organizations. The first is a new layer of organization structure: a business “ecosystem.” The second is the economic concept of “complementarity.” Ecosystems are...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Ecosystems; Complementarity; Modularity; Technology; Organizations
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 5 Ecosystems and Complementarities." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-033, August 2020.
      • August 2020
      • Article

      Machine Learning and Human Capital Complementarities: Experimental Evidence on Bias Mitigation

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Evan Starr and Rajshree Agarwal
      The use of machine learning (ML) for productivity in the knowledge economy requires considerations of important biases that may arise from ML predictions. We define a new source of bias related to incompleteness in real time inputs, which may result from strategic...  View Details
      Keywords: Machine Learning; Bias; Human Capital; Management; Strategy
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Evan Starr, and Rajshree Agarwal. "Machine Learning and Human Capital Complementarities: Experimental Evidence on Bias Mitigation." Strategic Management Journal 41, no. 8 (August 2020): 1381–1411.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 16 Capturing Value by Controlling Bottlenecks in Open Platform Systems

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the means by which firms capture value in open platform systems. I begin by arguing that the surplus value created by complementarities within a technical system will be split among the owners of the unique and essential...  View Details
      Keywords: Open Platforms; Bottlenecks; Flow Production; Value Capture; Disintermediation; Production; Management
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 16 Capturing Value by Controlling Bottlenecks in Open Platform Systems." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-054, November 2019.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 17 The Wintel Standards-based Platform

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      The purpose of this chapter is to use the theory of bottlenecks laid out in previous chapters to better understand the dynamics of an open standards-based platform. I describe how the Wintel platform evolved from 1990 through 2000 under joint sponsorship of Intel and...  View Details
      Keywords: Open Platforms; Bottlenecks; Wintel Platform; Disintermediation; Hardware; Software; Business History; Computer Industry
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 17 The Wintel Standards-based Platform." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-055, November 2019.
      • October 2019
      • Article

      Returns to Talent and the Finance Wage Premium

      By: Boris Vallée and Claire Célérier
      To study the role of talent in finance workers' pay, we exploit a special feature of the French higher education system. Wage returns to talent have been significantly higher and have risen faster in finance since the 1980s than in other sectors. Both wage returns to...  View Details
      Keywords: Compensation; Finance; Compensation and Benefits; Wages; Banking Industry
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      Vallée, Boris, and Claire Célérier. "Returns to Talent and the Finance Wage Premium." Review of Financial Studies 32, no. 10 (October 2019): 4005–4040.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      The Comprehensive Effects of a Digital Paywall Sales Strategy

      By: Doug J. Chung, Ho Kim and Reo Song
      This paper explores the multiple and comprehensive effects of a digital paywall sales strategy, an increasingly common means of go-to-market for media firms. Specifically, we examine the effects of a digital paywall on a media firm’s two sources of income—subscription...  View Details
      Keywords: Digital Paywall; Demand Substitution; Spillover Effect; Synthetic Control; Sales; Strategy; Media; Newspapers; Publishing Industry
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      Chung, Doug J., Ho Kim, and Reo Song. "The Comprehensive Effects of a Digital Paywall Sales Strategy." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-118, May 2019.
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 5 Complementarity

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      The purpose of this chapter is to relate the theory of task networks and technology set forth in previous chapters to theories of firm boundaries from economics and management. Complementary goods have more value when used together than separately. Complementarity may...  View Details
      Keywords: Complementarity
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 5 Complementarity." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-036, October 2018.
      • October 2018
      • Article

      A Theory of Intergenerational Mobility

      By: Gary Becker, Scott Duke Kominers, Kevin Murphy and Jorg L. Spenkuch
      We develop a model of intergenerational resource transmission that emphasizes the link between cross-sectional inequality and intergenerational mobility. By drawing on first principles of human capital theory, we derive several novel results. In particular, we show...  View Details
      Keywords: Intergenerational Mobility; Inequality; Complementarities; Equality and Inequality; Human Capital; Income; Family and Family Relationships
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      Becker, Gary, Scott Duke Kominers, Kevin Murphy, and Jorg L. Spenkuch. "A Theory of Intergenerational Mobility." Journal of Political Economy 126, no. S1 (October 2018): S7–S25.
      • August 2018
      • Teaching Note

      IguanaFix

      By: Frank V. Cespedes and Thomas Eisenmann
      Teaching Note for HBS No. 817-056. IguanaFix, based in Argentina, is a platform business that connects consumers with home improvement contractors. The founders are evaluating growth options and an investment offer. The case focuses on scaling issues for a venture...  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurial Marketing; Home Improvement Services; Marketing Management; Scaling; Entrepreneurship; Marketing; Sales; Market Platforms; Growth and Development Strategy
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      Cespedes, Frank V., and Thomas Eisenmann. "IguanaFix." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 819-029, August 2018.
      • April 2017
      • Article

      Prizes, Patents and the Search for Longitude

      By: M. Diane Burton and Tom Nicholas
      The 1714 Longitude Act created the Board of Longitude to administer a large monetary prize and progress payments for the precise determination of a ship’s longitude. However, the prize did not prohibit patenting. We use a new dataset of marine chronometer inventors to...  View Details
      Keywords: Prizes; Innovation; Patents; Innovation and Invention; Motivation and Incentives
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      Burton, M. Diane, and Tom Nicholas. "Prizes, Patents and the Search for Longitude." Explorations in Economic History 64 (April 2017): 21–36.
      • March 2017
      • Article

      Land Institutions and Chinese Political Economy: Institutional Complementarities and Macroeconomic Management

      By: Meg Rithmire
      This article critically examines the origins and evolution of China’s unique land institutions and situates land policy in the larger context of China’s reforms and pursuit of economic growth. It argues that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has strengthened the...  View Details
      Keywords: China; Economic Reform; Land Politics; Macromanagement; Government and Politics; Macroeconomics; China
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      Rithmire, Meg. "Land Institutions and Chinese Political Economy: Institutional Complementarities and Macroeconomic Management." Politics & Society 45, no. 1 (March 2017): 123–153.
      • Article

      Gains from Foreign Direct Investment: Macro and Micro Approaches

      By: Laura Alfaro
      This paper discussed the importance of an “integrated approach” to the study of the effects of FDI on host countries. Macro-level work that examines countries at different stages of development and institutional capacity is needed to surface the role of local...  View Details
      Keywords: Spillovers; Complementarities; Mechanism; Foreign Direct Investment; Economic Growth
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      Alfaro, Laura. "Gains from Foreign Direct Investment: Macro and Micro Approaches." World Bank Economic Review 30, Suppl. 1 (March 2017): S2–S15. (World Bank’s ABCDE Conference Keynote Presentation. Published early online March 23, 2016.)
      • 2017
      • Chapter

      Multinational Activity in Emerging Markets: How and When Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Growth?

      By: Laura Alfaro
      Among the prominent economic trends in recent decades is the exponential increase in flows of goods and capital driven by technological progress and a falling number of restrictions. A key driver of this phenomenon has been the cross-border production, foreign...  View Details
      Keywords: Multinational Activity; Growth; Spillovers; Complementarities; Foreign Direct Investment; Emerging Markets; Growth and Development; Multinational Firms and Management
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      Alfaro, Laura. "Multinational Activity in Emerging Markets: How and When Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Growth?" In Geography, Location, and Strategy. Vol. 36, edited by Juan Alcácer, Bruce Kogut, Catherine Thomas, and Bernard Yin Yeung, 429–462. Advances in Strategic Management. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2017.
      • 2015
      • Working Paper

      A Theory of Intergenerational Mobility

      By: Gary Becker, Scott Duke Kominers, Kevin Murphy and Jorg L. Spenkuch
      We develop a model of intergenerational resource transmission that emphasizes the link between cross-sectional inequality and intergenerational mobility. By drawing on first principles of human capital theory, we derive several novel results. In particular, we show...  View Details
      Keywords: Intergenerational Mobility; Inequality; Complementarities; Human Capital; Equality and Inequality; Income; Family and Family Relationships
      Citation
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      Becker, Gary, Scott Duke Kominers, Kevin Murphy, and Jorg L. Spenkuch. "A Theory of Intergenerational Mobility." Working Paper, August 2015.
      • 2015
      • Working Paper

      Full Substitutability

      By: John William Hatfield, Scott Duke Kominers, Alexandru Nichifor, Michael Ostrovsky and Alexander Westkamp
      Various forms of substitutability are essential for establishing the existence of equilibria and other useful properties in diverse settings such as matching, auctions, and exchange economies with indivisible goods. We extend earlier models' canonical definitions of...  View Details
      Keywords: Market Design; Balance and Stability
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      Hatfield, John William, Scott Duke Kominers, Alexandru Nichifor, Michael Ostrovsky, and Alexander Westkamp. "Full Substitutability." Working Paper, May 2015.
      • Article

      Multilateral Matching

      By: John William Hatfield and Scott Duke Kominers
      We introduce a matching model in which agents engage in joint ventures via multilateral contracts. This approach allows us to consider production complementarities previously outside the scope of matching theory. We show analogues of the first and second welfare...  View Details
      Keywords: Matching; Stability; Competitive Equilibrium; Core; Networks; Competition; Joint Ventures; Balance and Stability; Groups and Teams; Entrepreneurship
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      Hatfield, John William, and Scott Duke Kominers. "Multilateral Matching." Journal of Economic Theory 156 (March 2015): 175–206.
      • 2015
      • Chapter

      Foreign Direct Investment: Effects, Complementarities, and Promotion

      By: Laura Alfaro
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      Alfaro, Laura. "Foreign Direct Investment: Effects, Complementarities, and Promotion." Chap. 2 in Partners or Creditors? Attracting Foreign Investment and Productive Development to Central America and Dominican Republic, edited by Osmel Manzano, Sebastián Auguste, and Mario Cuevas, 21–76. Inter-American Development Bank, 2015. (Also in Spanish: ¿Socios o Acreedores? Atracción de Inversión Extranjera y Desarrollo Productivo en Mesoamérica.)
      • December 2014
      • Article

      Clusters, Convergence, and Economic Performance

      By: Mercedes Delgado, Michael E. Porter and Scott Stern
      This paper evaluates the role of regional cluster composition in regional industry performance. On the one hand, diminishing returns to specialization in a location can result in a convergence effect: the growth rate of an industry within a region may be declining in...  View Details
      Keywords: Clusters; Economics; Industry Clusters; Economy; Growth and Development; United States
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      Delgado, Mercedes, Michael E. Porter, and Scott Stern. "Clusters, Convergence, and Economic Performance." Research Policy 43, no. 10 (December 2014): 1785–1799.
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      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 5 Complementarity
      Labor Market Institutions and Global Strategic Adaptation: Evidence from Lincoln Electric
      → Search All HBS Web
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