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  • 2021
  • Working Paper

Institutional Spillovers: Evidence from Behavioral Interventions in Handwashing
By: Reshmaan Hussam and Dayea Oh
We study the process of behavioral change across institutions in the context of handwashing in rural Bangladesh. We randomize an education treatment in classrooms to trace school-to-home learning and randomize the proportion of students who receive handwashing...  View Details
Keywords: Handwashing; Interventions; Health; Behavior; Change; Bangladesh
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  • 2020
  • Working Paper

Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 7 The Value Structure of Technologies, Part 2: Strategy without Numbers
By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
Functional analysis as set forth in the last chapter decomposes a technical system into functional components that do things to advance the system’s purpose and the goals of its designers. Functional analysis in turn can be used to construct value structure maps...  View Details
Keywords: Modularity; Value Structure Mapping; Value Capture; Technology; Organizations; Strategy; Value Creation
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  • 2020
  • Working Paper

Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 5 Ecosystems and Complementarities
By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
The purpose of this chapter is to introduce two new building blocks to the theory of how technology shapes organizations. The first is a new layer of organization structure: a business “ecosystem.” The second is the economic concept of “complementarity.” Ecosystems are...  View Details
Keywords: Business Ecosystems; Complementarity; Modularity; Technology; Organizations
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  • August 2020
  • Article

Machine Learning and Human Capital Complementarities: Experimental Evidence on Bias Mitigation
By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Evan Starr and Rajshree Agarwal
The use of machine learning (ML) for productivity in the knowledge economy requires considerations of important biases that may arise from ML predictions. We define a new source of bias related to incompleteness in real time inputs, which may result from strategic...  View Details
Keywords: Machine Learning; Bias; Human Capital; Management; Strategy
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  • 2019
  • Working Paper

Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 16 Capturing Value by Controlling Bottlenecks in Open Platform Systems
By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the means by which firms capture value in open platform systems. I begin by arguing that the surplus value created by complementarities within a technical system will be split among the owners of the unique and essential...  View Details
Keywords: Open Platforms; Bottlenecks; Flow Production; Value Capture; Disintermediation; Production; Management
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  • 2019
  • Working Paper

Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 17 The Wintel Standards-based Platform
By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
The purpose of this chapter is to use the theory of bottlenecks laid out in previous chapters to better understand the dynamics of an open standards-based platform. I describe how the Wintel platform evolved from 1990 through 2000 under joint sponsorship of Intel and...  View Details
Keywords: Open Platforms; Bottlenecks; Wintel Platform; Disintermediation; Hardware; Software; Business History; Computer Industry
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  • October 2019
  • Article

Returns to Talent and the Finance Wage Premium
By: Boris Vallée and Claire Célérier
To study the role of talent in finance workers' pay, we exploit a special feature of the French higher education system. Wage returns to talent have been significantly higher and have risen faster in finance since the 1980s than in other sectors. Both wage returns to...  View Details
Keywords: Compensation; Finance; Compensation and Benefits; Wages; Banking Industry
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  • 2019
  • Working Paper

The Comprehensive Effects of a Digital Paywall Sales Strategy
By: Doug J. Chung, Ho Kim and Reo Song
This paper explores the multiple and comprehensive effects of a digital paywall sales strategy, an increasingly common means of go-to-market for media firms. Specifically, we examine the effects of a digital paywall on a media firm’s two sources of income—subscription...  View Details
Keywords: Digital Paywall; Demand Substitution; Spillover Effect; Synthetic Control; Sales; Strategy; Media; Newspapers; Publishing Industry
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  • 2018
  • Working Paper

Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 5 Complementarity
By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
The purpose of this chapter is to relate the theory of task networks and technology set forth in previous chapters to theories of firm boundaries from economics and management. Complementary goods have more value when used together than separately. Complementarity may...  View Details
Keywords: Complementarity
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  • October 2018
  • Article

A Theory of Intergenerational Mobility
By: Gary Becker, Scott Duke Kominers, Kevin Murphy and Jorg L. Spenkuch
We develop a model of intergenerational resource transmission that emphasizes the link between cross-sectional inequality and intergenerational mobility. By drawing on first principles of human capital theory, we derive several novel results. In particular, we show...  View Details
Keywords: Intergenerational Mobility; Inequality; Complementarities; Equality and Inequality; Human Capital; Income; Family and Family Relationships
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  • August 2018
  • Teaching Note

IguanaFix
By: Frank V. Cespedes and Thomas Eisenmann
Teaching Note for HBS No. 817-056. IguanaFix, based in Argentina, is a platform business that connects consumers with home improvement contractors. The founders are evaluating growth options and an investment offer. The case focuses on scaling issues for a venture...  View Details
Keywords: Entrepreneurial Marketing; Home Improvement Services; Marketing Management; Scaling; Entrepreneurship; Marketing; Sales; Market Platforms; Growth and Development Strategy
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  • April 2017
  • Article

Prizes, Patents and the Search for Longitude
By: M. Diane Burton and Tom Nicholas
The 1714 Longitude Act created the Board of Longitude to administer a large monetary prize and progress payments for the precise determination of a ship’s longitude. However, the prize did not prohibit patenting. We use a new dataset of marine chronometer inventors to...  View Details
Keywords: Prizes; Innovation; Patents; Innovation and Invention; Motivation and Incentives
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  • March 2017
  • Article

Land Institutions and Chinese Political Economy: Institutional Complementarities and Macroeconomic Management
By: Meg Rithmire
This article critically examines the origins and evolution of China’s unique land institutions and situates land policy in the larger context of China’s reforms and pursuit of economic growth. It argues that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has strengthened the...  View Details
Keywords: China; Economic Reform; Land Politics; Macromanagement; Government and Politics; Macroeconomics; China
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  • Article

Gains from Foreign Direct Investment: Macro and Micro Approaches
By: Laura Alfaro
This paper discussed the importance of an “integrated approach” to the study of the effects of FDI on host countries. Macro-level work that examines countries at different stages of development and institutional capacity is needed to surface the role of local...  View Details
Keywords: Spillovers; Complementarities; Mechanism; Foreign Direct Investment; Economic Growth
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  • 2017
  • Chapter

Multinational Activity in Emerging Markets: How and When Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Growth?
By: Laura Alfaro
Among the prominent economic trends in recent decades is the exponential increase in flows of goods and capital driven by technological progress and a falling number of restrictions. A key driver of this phenomenon has been the cross-border production, foreign...  View Details
Keywords: Multinational Activity; Growth; Spillovers; Complementarities; Foreign Direct Investment; Emerging Markets; Growth and Development; Multinational Firms and Management
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  • 2015
  • Working Paper

A Theory of Intergenerational Mobility
By: Gary Becker, Scott Duke Kominers, Kevin Murphy and Jorg L. Spenkuch
We develop a model of intergenerational resource transmission that emphasizes the link between cross-sectional inequality and intergenerational mobility. By drawing on first principles of human capital theory, we derive several novel results. In particular, we show...  View Details
Keywords: Intergenerational Mobility; Inequality; Complementarities; Human Capital; Equality and Inequality; Income; Family and Family Relationships
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  • 2015
  • Working Paper

Full Substitutability
By: John William Hatfield, Scott Duke Kominers, Alexandru Nichifor, Michael Ostrovsky and Alexander Westkamp
Various forms of substitutability are essential for establishing the existence of equilibria and other useful properties in diverse settings such as matching, auctions, and exchange economies with indivisible goods. We extend earlier models' canonical definitions of...  View Details
Keywords: Market Design; Balance and Stability
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  • Article

Multilateral Matching
By: John William Hatfield and Scott Duke Kominers
We introduce a matching model in which agents engage in joint ventures via multilateral contracts. This approach allows us to consider production complementarities previously outside the scope of matching theory. We show analogues of the first and second welfare...  View Details
Keywords: Matching; Stability; Competitive Equilibrium; Core; Networks; Competition; Joint Ventures; Balance and Stability; Groups and Teams; Entrepreneurship
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  • 2015
  • Chapter

Foreign Direct Investment: Effects, Complementarities, and Promotion
By: Laura Alfaro
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  • December 2014
  • Article

Clusters, Convergence, and Economic Performance
By: Mercedes Delgado, Michael E. Porter and Scott Stern
This paper evaluates the role of regional cluster composition in regional industry performance. On the one hand, diminishing returns to specialization in a location can result in a convergence effect: the growth rate of an industry within a region may be declining in...  View Details
Keywords: Clusters; Economics; Industry Clusters; Economy; Growth and Development; United States
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