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      Competitive Strategy Remove Competitive Strategy →

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      • December 2022 (Revised January 2023)
      • Case

      Marfrig's Quest for Greener Beef

      By: Jose B. Alvarez, Pedro Levindo and Ruth Costas
      Marfrig, one of the world’s leading meatpackers, strived to comply with its commitment to have a deforestation-free value chain in Brazil by 2030. The company also pledged to reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases in accordance with the guidelines set by the...  View Details
      Keywords: Agribusiness; Animal-Based Agribusiness; Plant-Based Agribusiness; Acquisition; Family Business; Communication Strategy; Environmental Management; Climate Change; Environmental Regulation; Environmental Sustainability; Bonds; Food; Global Strategy; Goods and Commodities; Government and Politics; Political Elections; Leading Change; Marketing; Product Marketing; Product Positioning; Supply Chain; Supply Chain Management; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Business and Government Relations; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Partners and Partnerships; Strategy; Adaptation; Business Strategy; Commercialization; Competitive Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Diversification; Expansion; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Brazil; Latin America; Argentina; Uruguay; North America; United States; Europe; Asia; China
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      Alvarez, Jose B., Pedro Levindo, and Ruth Costas. "Marfrig's Quest for Greener Beef." Harvard Business School Case 523-073, December 2022. (Revised January 2023.)
      • December 2022
      • Article

      Competition, Contracts, and Creativity: Evidence from Novel Writing in a Platform Market

      By: Yanhui Wu and Feng Zhu
      A growing number of people today are participating in the gig economy, working as independent contractors on short-term projects. We study the effects of competition on gig workers' effort and creativity on a Chinese novel-writing platform. Authors produce and sell...  View Details
      Keywords: Gig Workers; Platform-based Markets; Novel Writing; Creative Production; Platform Bias; Employment; Digital Platforms; Creativity; Books; Competition; Contracts
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      Wu, Yanhui, and Feng Zhu. "Competition, Contracts, and Creativity: Evidence from Novel Writing in a Platform Market." Management Science 68, no. 12 (December 2022): 8613–8634.
      • December, 2022
      • Article

      When and How Should Firms Differentiate? Quality and Advertising Decisions in a Duopoly

      By: Dominique Olié Lauga, Elie Ofek and Zsolt Katona
      A prominent hallmark of competitive interaction is the desire to differentiate from rivals. In this article, the authors examine under what conditions firms will differentiate through product quality versus advertising intensity. Firms select quality in a first stage,...  View Details
      Keywords: Competition; Advertising; Product Positioning
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      Lauga, Dominique Olié, Elie Ofek, and Zsolt Katona. "When and How Should Firms Differentiate? Quality and Advertising Decisions in a Duopoly." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 59, no. 6 (December, 2022): 1252–1265.
      • November–December 2022
      • Article

      Your Company Needs a Space Strategy. Now.

      By: Matthew Weinzierl, Prithwiraj (Raj) Choudhury, Tarun Khanna, Alan MacCormack and Brendan Rosseau
      Space is becoming a potential source of value for businesses across a range of sectors, including agriculture, pharmaceuticals, consumer goods, and tourism. To understand what the opportunities are for your company, the authors advise you to consider the four ways in...  View Details
      Keywords: Space Strategy; Emerging Markets; Natural Resources; Analytics and Data Science; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Adaptation; Competition; Aerospace Industry
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      Weinzierl, Matthew, Prithwiraj (Raj) Choudhury, Tarun Khanna, Alan MacCormack, and Brendan Rosseau. "Your Company Needs a Space Strategy. Now." Harvard Business Review (November–December 2022): 80–91.
      • November 2022
      • Case

      HTC and Virtual Reality (B)

      By: Andy Wu and Matt Higgins
      In 2022, Cher Wang, CEO and Chairwoman of HTC, was focused on the company's pivot to virtual reality and the metaverse. Growing competition in consumer virtual reality from Meta, Sony, and Chinese headset manufacturers had altered the competitive landscape since 2017....  View Details
      Keywords: VR; Virtual Reality; Strategy; Metaverse; Market Entry and Exit; Competition; Technology Industry; Taiwan; China; United States
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      Wu, Andy, and Matt Higgins. "HTC and Virtual Reality (B)." Harvard Business School Case 723-403, November 2022.
      • November 2022
      • Case

      The Battle Among Channels for Marketing Pharmaceuticals: UpScript, Pharmacy Benefit Managers, and Direct-to-Consumer Sales

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Tiffany Farrell
      Can an online pharmacy both improve the quality and speed of care for patients who need branded drugs and stabilize profits for pharmaceutical manufacturers? UpScript, after years spent achieving legal and regulatory compliance and simultaneous technological innovation...  View Details
      Keywords: DTC; Internet and the Web; Marketing Channels; Customer Value and Value Chain; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Competitive Strategy; Service Delivery; Growth and Development Strategy; Pharmaceutical Industry; Health Industry; Retail Industry
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., and Tiffany Farrell. "The Battle Among Channels for Marketing Pharmaceuticals: UpScript, Pharmacy Benefit Managers, and Direct-to-Consumer Sales." Harvard Business School Case 323-031, November 2022.
      • November 2022
      • Case

      The Globalization of Manchester City Football Group

      By: Maria P. Roche, Tiona Zuzul, Exequiel Hernandez and Amy Klopfenstein
      This case describes the efforts of City Football Group (CFG) to purchase Esporte Clube Bahia (Bahia), a Brazilian professional soccer club. CFG’s strategy was to acquire under-performing clubs worldwide, invest money in high-profile players, and improve the teams’...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Acquisition; Business Conglomerates; Geography; Geographic Location; Geographic Scope; Globalization; Global Strategy; Globalized Markets and Industries; Markets; Demand and Consumers; Marketing; Brands and Branding; Organizations; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Sports; Strategy; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Diversification; Expansion; Sports Industry; Europe; United Kingdom; England; South America; Brazil
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      Roche, Maria P., Tiona Zuzul, Exequiel Hernandez, and Amy Klopfenstein. "The Globalization of Manchester City Football Group." Harvard Business School Case 723-391, November 2022.
      • October 2022
      • Supplement

      The SAH Group: The Time is Right, Instructor Spreadsheet

      By: Juan Alcacer and Alpana Thapar
      In January 2021, Jalila Mezni, CEO of the SAH Group, was preparing to present the company’s future growth plans to its board of directors. The Tunisian company was a leading producer and distributor of personal care and packaged hygiene products. In 2019, it expanded...  View Details
      Keywords: Growth Strategy; Entrepreneurship; Investment Decisions; Growth Management; Vertical Integration; Distribution; Competition; Strategy; Supply Chain; Presentations; Product Positioning; Market Entry and Exit; Consumer Products Industry; Pulp and Paper Industry; Health Industry; Tunisia
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      Alcacer, Juan, and Alpana Thapar. "The SAH Group: The Time is Right, Instructor Spreadsheet." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 723-862, October 2022.
      • October 2022
      • Supplement

      The SAH Group: The Time is Right, Spreadsheet Supplement

      By: Juan Alcacer and Alpana Thapar
      In January 2021, Jalila Mezni, CEO of the SAH Group, was preparing to present the company’s future growth plans to its board of directors. The Tunisian company was a leading producer and distributor of personal care and packaged hygiene products. In 2019, it expanded...  View Details
      Keywords: Growth Strategy; Entrepreneurship; Investment Decisions; Growth Management; Vertical Integration; Distribution; Competition; Strategy; Supply Chain; Presentations; Market Entry and Exit; Product Positioning; Consumer Products Industry; Pulp and Paper Industry; Health Industry; Tunisia
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      Alcacer, Juan, and Alpana Thapar. "The SAH Group: The Time is Right, Spreadsheet Supplement." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 723-861, October 2022.
      • October 2022
      • Case

      Star Magnolia Capital: Becoming Experts at Finding Experts

      By: Lauren Cohen, Hao Gao, River Ewing and Grace Headinger
      Shinya Deguchi, Founder and Managing Partner of Star Magnolia Capital, a Shanghai-based multi-family office (MFO), considered how to convince a new prospective family that the MFO’s endowment model approach would best suit their needs. In recent decades, there has been...  View Details
      Keywords: China; Asia; Family Office; Shanghai; Financial Industry; Asset Management; Financial Instruments; Financial Management; Financial Strategy; Investment; Investment Return; Investment Portfolio; Human Capital; Family Business; Financial Services Industry; China; Shanghai
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      Cohen, Lauren, Hao Gao, River Ewing, and Grace Headinger. "Star Magnolia Capital: Becoming Experts at Finding Experts." Harvard Business School Case 223-038, October 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      You've Got Mail! The Late 19th Century U.S. Postal Service Expansion, Entrepreneurship, and Firm Performance

      By: Astrid Marinoni and Maria P. Roche
      We analyze the impact of the US Postal Service's western expansion in the late 19th century, a major institutional innovation, on entrepreneurship and its heterogeneous influence on firm performance. Exploiting a novel dataset constructed from digitized archival...  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Institutional Innovation; Knowledge Exchange; US Postal Service; Firm Performance; Infrastructure; Expansion; Government Administration; Communication; Business History; Public Administration Industry; California
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      Marinoni, Astrid, and Maria P. Roche. "You've Got Mail! The Late 19th Century U.S. Postal Service Expansion, Entrepreneurship, and Firm Performance." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-022, October 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Price Monitoring and Response: A Supply Side Characterization

      By: Ayelet Israeli and Eric Anderson
      With the growth of e-commerce and increasing price transparency, there has been tremendous interest in the adoption and competitive consequences of algorithmic pricing. A premise of algorithmic pricing is that firms monitor competitors' prices and then their pricing...  View Details
      Keywords: Algorithmic Pricing; Ecommerce; Price Monitoring; Price; Competition; Retail Industry
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      Israeli, Ayelet, and Eric Anderson. "Price Monitoring and Response: A Supply Side Characterization." Working Paper, October 2022.
      • September 2022
      • Case

      The Pokémon Company: Evolving into an Everlasting Brand

      By: Tomomichi Amano and Masaki Nomura
      Super Bowl 50, the fiftieth annual championship game of the American National Football League played in February 2016, featured 52 commercials, and brands spent more than six million dollars each for a 30-second commercial slot. Surprisingly, the commercial that...  View Details
      Keywords: Advertising; Brands and Branding; Marketing Strategy; Consumer Behavior; Growth and Development Strategy; Video Game Industry; Japan
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      Amano, Tomomichi, and Masaki Nomura. "The Pokémon Company: Evolving into an Everlasting Brand." Harvard Business School Case 523-022, September 2022.
      • 2022
      • Report

      Competitiveness Roadmap for India@100

      By: Michael E. Porter and Christian H.M. Ketels
      The Competitiveness Roadmap for India lays out policy principles to guide India's efforts to move towards middle-income and beyond over the next 25 years. It covers a discussion of appropriate outcome ambitions, the underlying development approach, specific policy...  View Details
      Keywords: Economic Growth; Strategy; Competition; Policy; Government Administration; India
      Citation
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      Porter, Michael E., and Christian H.M. Ketels. "Competitiveness Roadmap for India@100." Report, Institute for Competitiveness, India, September 2022.
      • 2022
      • Article

      Dynamic Pricing Algorithms, Consumer Harm, and Regulatory Response

      By: Alexander MacKay and Samuel N. Weinstein
      Pricing algorithms are rapidly transforming markets, from ride-sharing apps, to air travel, to online retail. Regulators and scholars have watched this development with a wary eye. Their focus so far has been on the potential for pricing algorithms to facilitate...  View Details
      Keywords: Competition Policy; Regulation; Algorithmic Pricing; Dynamic Pricing; Economics; Law And Economics; Law And Regulation; Consumer Protection; Antitrust Law; Industrial Organization; Antitrust Issues And Policies; Technological Change: Choices And Consequences; Competition; Policy; Price; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Microeconomics; Duopoly and Oligopoly; Law
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      MacKay, Alexander, and Samuel N. Weinstein. "Dynamic Pricing Algorithms, Consumer Harm, and Regulatory Response." Washington University Law Review 100, no. 1 (2022): 111–174. (Direct download.)
      • August 2022
      • Exercise

      How Should Netflix Add an Ad-Supported Tier?

      By: Elie Ofek and Olivier Toubia
      In the summer of 2022, it became clear that Netflix would introduce an ad-supported tier alongside its existing subscription plans in the near future. Speculation abounded as to the details of the new tier: How many minutes of advertising would it include? What picture...  View Details
      Keywords: Pricing; Television Industry; Price; Marketing Strategy; Digital Platforms; Customer Value and Value Chain; Competitive Strategy; Customer Satisfaction; Entertainment and Recreation Industry
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      Ofek, Elie, and Olivier Toubia. "How Should Netflix Add an Ad-Supported Tier?" Harvard Business School Exercise 523-033, August 2022.
      • August 2022
      • Case

      Air Wars: Deregulating the U.S. Airline Industry

      By: Tom Nicholas and James Weber
      In the early decades of the twentieth century, the U.S. government assisted in the development of an airline industry by subsidizing the delivery of mail and allowing mail carriers to also fly passengers. Because the government awarded mail routes to the lowest...  View Details
      Keywords: Government Regulation; Deregulation; Change Management; Economics; Entrepreneurship; Financial Management; Business History; Human Resources; Compensation and Benefits; Labor; Labor Unions; Leading Change; Leadership Style; Crisis Management; Industry Structures; Operations; Strategy; Adaptation; Competition; Air Transportation; Air Transportation Industry; United States
      Citation
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      Nicholas, Tom, and James Weber. "Air Wars: Deregulating the U.S. Airline Industry." Harvard Business School Case 823-033, August 2022.
      • August 2022
      • Case

      In-Q-Tel: Innovation On A Mission

      By: Joshua Lev Krieger and Josh Lerner
      In 2022, the leaders of In-Q-Tel (IQT) considered what was next for the unique mission-driven organization. Since 1999, IQT had one mission: to be the most sophisticated source of strategic technical knowledge and capabilities to the U.S. government and its allies. IQT...  View Details
      Keywords: Mission and Purpose; National Security; Technological Innovation; Research; Geopolitical Units; Risk Management; Recruitment; Growth and Development Strategy; Venture Capital; Knowledge Management; Information Industry; Banking Industry
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      Krieger, Joshua Lev, and Josh Lerner. "In-Q-Tel: Innovation On A Mission." Harvard Business School Case 823-031, August 2022.
      • August 2022
      • Article

      The U.S. Approach to Antitrust Policy in Technology Markets

      By: Shane Greenstein
      This report illustrates the strengths and weaknesses of the U.S. approach to antitrust policy by drawing lessons from three cases: United States v. AT&T, United States v. Microsoft, and United States v. Google. The cases against AT&T and Microsoft are historical cases,...  View Details
      Keywords: Antitrust; Lawsuits and Litigation; Information Technology; Competition
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      Greenstein, Shane. "The U.S. Approach to Antitrust Policy in Technology Markets." AEI Digital Platforms and American Life Project (August 2022).
      • July 2022 (Revised August 2022)
      • Case

      Athletic Brewing Company: Crafting the U.S. Non-Alcoholic Beer Category

      By: Ayelet Israeli and Anne V. Wilson
      Athletic Brewing Company (“Athletic,” for short) was founded by Bill Shufelt and John Walker in 2017. In creating Athletic, Shufelt and Walker opened the first U.S. brewery and taproom fully devoted to the production of non-alcoholic (NA) craft beer. By 2021, Athletic...  View Details
      Keywords: Advertising; Brands and Branding; Product Development; Product Marketing; Product Positioning; Product Launch; Product Design; Product; Competition; Marketing; Entrepreneurship; Growth Management; Cultural Entrepreneurship; Culture; Food and Beverage Industry; United States
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      Israeli, Ayelet, and Anne V. Wilson. "Athletic Brewing Company: Crafting the U.S. Non-Alcoholic Beer Category." Harvard Business School Case 523-021, July 2022. (Revised August 2022.)
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