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All HBS Web
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- Faculty Publications (1,521)
- 2022
- Working Paper
The Impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act on the U.S. Economy
By: Joe Long, Carlo Medici, Nancy Qian and Marco Tabellini
This paper studies the impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act, which banned Chinese immigration to the United States after 1882, across U.S. counties between 1870 and 1940. We find that the Act reduced labor supply for both the Chinese and other groups (i.e., white and...
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Keywords:
Immigration;
Growth;
Productivity;
Business History;
Economic Slowdown and Stagnation;
Business and Government Relations;
Prejudice and Bias;
Government Legislation;
United States
Long, Joe, Carlo Medici, Nancy Qian, and Marco Tabellini. "The Impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act on the U.S. Economy." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-008, March 2022.
- August 2022
- Article
The U.S. Approach to Antitrust Policy in Technology Markets
By: Shane Greenstein
This report illustrates the strengths and weaknesses of the U.S. approach to antitrust policy by drawing lessons from three cases: United States v. AT&T, United States v. Microsoft, and United States v. Google. The cases against AT&T and Microsoft are historical cases,...
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Greenstein, Shane. "The U.S. Approach to Antitrust Policy in Technology Markets." AEI Digital Platforms and American Life Project (August 2022).
- Article
As the World Shifts, So Should Leaders
By: Nitin Nohria
Two decades ago, extensive research led Nohria, the former dean of Harvard Business School, to conclude that the hallmark of great leadership is the ability to adapt to the times. Today, he says, we're in a period of significant change, thanks to global events,...
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Nohria, Nitin. "As the World Shifts, So Should Leaders." Harvard Business Review 100, no. 4 (July–August 2022): 59–61.
- 2022
- Book
Making Meritocracy: Lessons from China and India, from Antiquity to the Present
By: Tarun Khanna and Michael Szonyi
How do societies identify and promote merit? Enabling all people to fulfill their potential, and ensuring the selection of competent and capable leaders are central challenges for any society. These are not new concerns. Scholars, educators, and political and economic...
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Keywords:
Merit;
Meritocracy;
Society;
Government and Politics;
History;
Power and Influence;
Leadership;
Competency and Skills;
China;
India
Khanna, Tarun, and Michael Szonyi, eds. Making Meritocracy: Lessons from China and India, from Antiquity to the Present. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2022.
- July 2022
- Case
A Soul and a Service: North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance
By: Tom Nicholas and John Masko
The North Carolina Mutual and Provident Association (the Mutual) was founded in 1898 as a for-profit entity selling life insurance catering to the Black community. The Mutual was entering a field crowded with established White-owned competitors that largely refused to...
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Keywords:
Black Entrepreneurs;
Insurance;
History;
Race;
Prejudice and Bias;
Entrepreneurship;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Insurance Industry;
United States
Nicholas, Tom, and John Masko. "A Soul and a Service: North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance." Harvard Business School Case 823-032, July 2022.
- July 2022 (Revised January 2024)
- Case
Call of Fiduciary Duty: Microsoft Acquires Activision Blizzard
By: Jonas Heese, Joseph Pacelli and James Barnett
In January 2022, Microsoft announces its acquisition of the video game company Activision Blizzard, in a deal valued at $68.7 billion, which would make Microsoft the world’s third largest video game company. The deal came as Activision Blizzard faced gender pay...
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Keywords:
Accounting;
Goodwill Accounting;
Analysis;
Decision Making;
Talent and Talent Management;
Games, Gaming, and Gambling;
Ethics;
Leadership;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Lawsuits and Litigation;
Entertainment and Recreation Industry;
Entertainment and Recreation Industry;
North America;
California
Heese, Jonas, Joseph Pacelli, and James Barnett. "Call of Fiduciary Duty: Microsoft Acquires Activision Blizzard." Harvard Business School Case 123-011, July 2022. (Revised January 2024.)
- July 8, 2022
- Article
How to Conduct a Great Performance Review
Dissatisfaction with performance appraisals is pervasive, but they remain an essential managerial responsibility. The purpose of performance reviews is two-fold: an accurate and actionable evaluation of performance, and then development of that person’s skills in line...
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Cespedes, Frank V. "How to Conduct a Great Performance Review." Harvard Business Review (website) (July 8, 2022).
- 2022
- Book
Empires of Ideas: Creating the Modern University from Germany to America to China
By: William C. Kirby
The modern university was born in Germany. In the twentieth century, the United States leapfrogged Germany to become the global leader in higher education. Will China challenge its position in the twenty-first?
Today American institutions dominate nearly every... View Details
Today American institutions dominate nearly every... View Details
Kirby, William C. Empires of Ideas: Creating the Modern University from Germany to America to China. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2022.
- July 2022
- Article
A Strategic View of Team Learning in Organizations
By: Jean-François Harvey, Henrik Bresman, Amy C. Edmondson and Gary P. Pisano
Research in strategic management and organizational behavior has increasingly focused on understanding how organizations achieve and sustain performance in fast-changing environments. Strategy research suggests that senior managers, through their decisions, influence...
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Keywords:
Strategic Management;
Organization Behavior;
Teams;
Organizational Capabilities;
Groups and Teams;
Learning;
Management;
Decision Making;
Performance;
Organizational Design
Harvey, Jean-François, Henrik Bresman, Amy C. Edmondson, and Gary P. Pisano. "A Strategic View of Team Learning in Organizations." Academy of Management Annals 16, no. 2 (July 2022): 476–507.
- 2022
- Working Paper
Pricing Power in Advertising Markets: Theory and Evidence
By: Matthew Gentzkow, Jesse M. Shapiro, Frank Yang and Ali Yurukoglu
Existing theories of media competition imply that advertisers will pay a lower price in equilibrium to reach consumers who multi-home across competing outlets. We generalize and extend this theoretical result and test it using data from television and social media...
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Gentzkow, Matthew, Jesse M. Shapiro, Frank Yang, and Ali Yurukoglu. "Pricing Power in Advertising Markets: Theory and Evidence." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30278, July 2022.
- Article
The C-Suite Skills That Matter Most
By: Raffaella Sadun, Joseph B. Fuller, Stephen Hansen and PJ Neal
Landing a job as a CEO today is no longer all about industry expertise and financial savvy. What companies are really seeking are leaders with strong social skills. That’s what the authors discovered after analyzing nearly 7,000 job descriptions for C-suite roles....
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Keywords:
C-Suite;
Skills;
Skills Development;
Social Skills;
Management Skills;
Interpersonal Communication;
Talent and Talent Management
Sadun, Raffaella, Joseph B. Fuller, Stephen Hansen, and PJ Neal. "The C-Suite Skills That Matter Most." Harvard Business Review 100, no. 4 (July–August 2022): 42–50.
- Article
Why Build in Web3
By: Jad Esber and Scott Duke Kominers
A major change is coming to the internet. While today’s dominant platforms have guarded their troves of user data and maintained an advantage through network effects, new companies—working in what they're calling a “Web3” model—are proposing a new value proposition to...
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Keywords:
Blockchain;
User Experience;
Digital Platforms;
Network Effects;
Internet and the Web;
Competition;
Web Services Industry
Esber, Jad, and Scott Duke Kominers. "Why Build in Web3." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (May 16, 2022).
- May 2022
- Case
Executive Decision-Making at Zola
By: Amy C. Edmondson and Michael Roberto
In April 2020, Rachel Jarrett, President and COO of wedding technology company Zola, called a meeting with the organization’s key decision-makers. The company had previously launched three business expansions: a vendor marketplace, a wedding apparel division, and a...
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Keywords:
Decision Making;
Voting;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Management Skills;
Management;
Management Style;
Organizations;
Organizational Culture;
Entertainment and Recreation Industry;
Entertainment and Recreation Industry;
United States
Edmondson, Amy C., and Michael Roberto. "Executive Decision-Making at Zola." Harvard Business School Case 622-074, May 2022.
- Article
Developing a Digital Mindset: How to Lead Your Organization into the Age of Data, Algorithms, and AI
By: Tsedal Neeley and Paul Leonardi
Learning new technological skills is essential for digital transformation. But it is not enough. Employees must be motivated to use their skills to create new opportunities. They need a digital mindset: a set of attitudes and behaviors that enable people and...
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Keywords:
Machine Learning;
AI;
Information Technology;
Transformation;
Competency and Skills;
Employees;
Technology Adoption;
Leading Change;
Digital Transformation
Neeley, Tsedal, and Paul Leonardi. "Developing a Digital Mindset: How to Lead Your Organization into the Age of Data, Algorithms, and AI." S22032. Harvard Business Review 100, no. 3 (May–June 2022): 50–55.
- 2022
- Book
The Digital Mindset: What It Really Takes to Thrive in the Age of Data, Algorithms, and AI
By: Paul Leonardi and Tsedal Neeley
The pressure to "be digital" has never been greater, but you can meet the challenge.
The digital revolution is here, changing how work gets done, how industries are structured, and how people from all walks of life work, behave, and relate to each other. To thrive...
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Keywords:
Digital;
Artificial Intelligence;
Big Data;
Digital Transformation;
Technological Innovation;
Transformation;
Learning;
Competency and Skills
Leonardi, Paul, and Tsedal Neeley. The Digital Mindset: What It Really Takes to Thrive in the Age of Data, Algorithms, and AI. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review Press, 2022.
- May 2022
- Article
Variance Analysis: New Insights from Health Care Applications
By: Robert S. Kaplan and Susanna Gallani
We use a health care application to illustrate how variance analysis can be used to benchmark costs across similar service delivery sites. Variances for personnel costs, typically the largest cost component in service organizations, are calculated for price, quantity,...
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Keywords:
Variance Analysis;
Benchmarking;
Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing;
Health Care;
Activity Based Costing and Management;
Health Care and Treatment;
Service Delivery;
Service Industry
Kaplan, Robert S., and Susanna Gallani. "Variance Analysis: New Insights from Health Care Applications." Issues in Accounting Education 37, no. 2 (May 2022): 27–36.
- April 2022
- Supplement
Mastercard Labs (B)
When Ajaypal (Ajay) Banga became the CEO of Mastercard in 2010, digital technologies were on the rise, and innovation needed to become a strategic imperative at the company. Banga tasked Garry Lyons, who had joined Mastercard through the 2009 acquisition of Orbiscom,...
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Keywords:
Organizational Behavior;
Culture;
Transformation;
Organizational Culture;
Culture Change;
Organizational Adaptation;
Organizational Effectiveness;
Alignment;
Leadership;
Leadership Development;
Innovation;
Innovation Ecosystems;
Diversity;
Collaboration;
Co-creation;
Learning Organizations;
Empowerment;
Ecosystem;
Agility;
Prototype;
Experiment;
Partnerships;
Operating Model;
Risk Management;
Digital Transformation;
Metrics;
Payments;
Financial Industry;
Financial Inclusion;
Ambidexterity;
Corporate Innovation;
Innovation Lab;
Accelerator;
Start-up;
Fintech
Hill, Linda A., Sunil Gupta, Emily Tedards, and Julia Kelley. "Mastercard Labs (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 422-081, April 2022.
- 2022
- Working Paper
An Anatomy of Performance Monitoring
By: Achyuta Adhvaryu, Anant Nyshadham and Jorge Tamayo
Performance monitoring is a mainstay management tool in most organizations. Yet we still know little about whether—and why—better monitoring yields better performance in practice. To shed light on these questions, we study the introduction of a performance monitoring...
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Keywords:
Performance Monitoring;
Worker Skills;
Skill Depreciation;
Managerial Inattention;
On-the-job Training;
Productivity;
Multitasking;
Quick Serve Restaurants;
Performance Evaluation;
Employees;
Competency and Skills;
Training;
Performance Productivity;
Management;
Information Technology;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Puerto Rico
Adhvaryu, Achyuta, Anant Nyshadham, and Jorge Tamayo. "An Anatomy of Performance Monitoring." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-066, March 2022. (R&R Journal of Political Economy.)
- April 12, 2022
- Article
Evaluation of Individual and Ensemble Probabilistic Forecasts of COVID-19 Mortality in the United States
By: Estee Y. Cramer, Evan L. Ray, Velma K. Lopez, Johannes Bracher, Andrea Brennen, Alvaro J. Castro Rivadeneira, Michael Lingzhi Li and et al.
Short-term probabilistic forecasts of the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States have served as a visible and important communication channel between the scientific modeling community and both the general public and decision-makers. Forecasting models...
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Keywords:
COVID-19;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Health Pandemics;
Mathematical Methods;
Partners and Partnerships
Cramer, Estee Y., Evan L. Ray, Velma K. Lopez, Johannes Bracher, Andrea Brennen, Alvaro J. Castro Rivadeneira, Michael Lingzhi Li, and et al. "Evaluation of Individual and Ensemble Probabilistic Forecasts of COVID-19 Mortality in the United States." e2113561119. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119, no. 15 (April 12, 2022). (See full author list here.)
- Article
Creating High-Impact Coalitions: CEOs Can Lead the Charge on Society’s Biggest Problems
By: Rosabeth M. Kanter and Tuna Cem Hayirli
Traditionally, responses to crises and societal problems—the COVID-19 pandemic, natural disasters, racial inequities—are considered the responsibility of the public sector and NGOs. But addressing the world’s most critical problems requires leadership, resources, and...
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Keywords:
Coalition;
Change;
Problem Solving;
Organization;
Boundaries;
Evolution;
Mission;
Moral Leadership;
Balance;
"Solutions Approach;
Society;
Problems and Challenges;
Organizations;
Mission and Purpose;
Leading Change;
Trust
Kanter, Rosabeth M., and Tuna Cem Hayirli. "Creating High-Impact Coalitions: CEOs Can Lead the Charge on Society’s Biggest Problems." Harvard Business Review 100, no. 2 (March–April 2022).