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  • November 2023
  • Background Note

Life Cycle Assessment: An Overview
By: Willy C. Shih, Michael W. Toffel and Kelsey Carter
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a holistic approach to quantifying the environmental impacts—including resources consumed and wastes produced—associated with the entire life cycle of a product, from the production or extraction of the raw materials used in its creation,...  View Details
Keywords: Measurement; Life-cycle; Environmental Performance; Design; Environmental Management; Environmental Sustainability; Climate Change; Measurement and Metrics; Standards; Accounting
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  • November 2023
  • Background Note

Corporate Climate Targets
By: Willy C. Shih, Michael W. Toffel and Kelsey Carter
Companies that are addressing climate change by mitigating their greenhouse gas emissions oftern set reduction targets. This note describes several types of widely-used carbon reduction targets, including carbon neutral, science based, net zero, real zero, and carbon...  View Details
Keywords: Corporate Sustainability; Environmental Strategy; Climate Risk; Target-setting; Environmental Management; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Accountability; Policy; Measurement and Metrics; Strategic Planning; Social Issues
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  • November 2023
  • Case

Khanmigo: Revolutionizing Learning with GenAI
By: William A. Sahlman, Allison M. Ciechanover and Emily Grandjean
Already a leader in the edtech space since its 2008 launch, Khan Academy was now one of the first edtech organizations to embrace generative artificial intelligence ("genAI"). In March 2023, Khan Academy began beta testing Khanmigo, a genAI “guide” and tutor built with...  View Details
Keywords: Technology Adoption; Leading Change; Entrepreneurship; Risk and Uncertainty; Education Industry; Technology Industry; United States; San Francisco
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  • November 2023
  • Article

Open Source Software and Global Entrepreneurship
By: Nataliya Langburd Wright, Frank Nagle and Shane Greenstein
This is the first study to consider the relationship between open source software (OSS) and entrepreneurship around the globe. This study measures whether country-level participation on the GitHub OSS platform affects the founding of innovative ventures, and where it...  View Details
Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Applications and Software; Business Ventures; Development Economics; Innovation and Invention; Global Range
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  • November–December 2023
  • Article

Storytelling That Drives Bold Change
By: Frances X. Frei and Anne Morriss
When tackling urgent organizational problems, leaders usually work hard to identify underlying causes, tap a wide range of knowledge, and experiment with solutions. But once they’ve mapped out a plan, there’s one more crucial step they must take: crafting a story so...  View Details
Keywords: Organizational Culture; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Problems and Challenges; Emotions; Communication Strategy
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  • October 2023
  • Case

Prime Coalition: Estimating Climate Impact
By: Natalia Rigol, Benjamin N. Roth, Brian Trelstad and Amram Migdal
A case on CRANE, a tool to help investors and green technology companies estimate the future climate impact of new technologies and products, called emissions reduction potential (ERP). The case includes material on CRANE’s methodology for estimating future carbon...  View Details
Keywords: Accounting; Environmental Accounting; Analysis; Environmental Management; Climate Change; Green Technology; Innovation and Invention; Measurement and Metrics; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Risk and Uncertainty; Nonprofit Organizations; Social Enterprise
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  • October 2023
  • Teaching Note

Metaverse Wars
By: Andy Wu and Matt Higgins
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 723-431. Metaverse Wars recaps the development of the metaverse concept and the attendant hype, bringing the narrative up to the summer of 2023 when Meta’s big pivot looked more like a costly misstep than a stroke of strategic genius. In...  View Details
Keywords: Metaverse; Strategy
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  • October 2023
  • Case

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt: A Curriculum Provider Puts Itself on the Hook for Student Outcomes
By: John J-H Kim, Derek C. M. van Bever, Michael Norris and Max Hancock
Jack Lynch, CEO of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH) since 2017, was leading the company’s transformation from a legacy textbook publisher to a digital-first student outcomes provider, which earned subscription revenue from digital products and curriculum. In 2023, HMH...  View Details
Keywords: Edtech; Textbook; Publishing; Leading Change; Change Management; Transformation; Digital Transformation; Publishing Industry; United States
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  • October 2023
  • Case

Making Progress at Progress Software (A)
By: Katherine Coffman, Hannah Riley Bowles and Alexis Lefort
In this case, the Human Capital team at Progress Software has identified that some employees have a hard time understanding how to advance within Progress. This realization leads the team to develop several major people-process innovations: the introduction of...  View Details
Keywords: Leading Change; Organizational Culture; Performance Evaluation; Prejudice and Bias; Technology Industry; Bulgaria
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  • 2023
  • Working Paper

The Buy-In Effect: When Increasing Initial Effort Motivates Behavioral Follow-Through
By: Holly Dykstra, Shibeal O'Flaherty and A.V. Whillans
Behavioral interventions often focus on reducing friction to encourage behavior change. In contrast, we provide evidence that adding friction can promote long-term behavior change when behaviors involve repeated costly efforts over longer time horizons. In...  View Details
Keywords: Friction; Behavior; Environmental Sustainability; Transportation; Outcome or Result
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  • October 2023
  • Case

Governance and Growth at GenUnity
By: Brian Trelstad, Paul Healy and Annelena Lobb
Jerren Chang, CEO and co-founder of GenUnity, had to choose a strategy to scale his civic engagement-focused nonprofit. Based in Boston, Chang could grow the organization there or begin to expand to other cities. He also had to select candidates for a board of...  View Details
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  • October 20, 2023
  • Article

How ENGOs Can Support Corporate Climate Change Efforts
By: Michael W. Toffel
Nearly half of CEOs view climate change as affecting their companies now or within the coming decade, but there is also a wide gap between what CEOs say is progress on tackling climate change and what many of their investors believe are effective actions. Companies...  View Details
Keywords: Climate Change; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Business and Shareholder Relations
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  • 2023
  • Working Paper

Deglobalization and Entrepreneurial Investment: The Natural Experiment of Brexit
By: Elisa Alvarez-Garrido and Juan Alcácer
We seek to gain insight into the consequences of deglobalization on entrepreneurial investment by analyzing an instance of economic disintegration: the United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union. Brexit is not only a unique empirical opportunity, a natural...  View Details
Keywords: Entrepreneurial Finance; International Relations; Trade; Disruption; Globalized Economies and Regions; United Kingdom
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  • October 2023
  • Case

JPMorgan Chase in Paris
By: Joseph L. Bower, Dante Roscini, Elena Corsi and Michael Norris
In 2019, Daniel Pinto, President and COO of JPMorgan Chase, has to make a recommendation to the bank’s Chairman and CEO, Jamie Dimon, about where to physically locate the bank’s European trading operations after Brexit takes effect in 2020. The decision-making process...  View Details
Keywords: Change Management; Banks and Banking; Financial Markets; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Globalized Firms and Management; Globalized Markets and Industries; Banking Industry; Europe; European Union; France; United Kingdom
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  • October 2023
  • Case

Nelson Mandela: Changing the World
By: Robert L. Simons and Shirley Sun
This case traces the rise of Nelson Mandela from his tribal home in South Africa to president of the country. Rejecting expectations that he would be a tribal leader, Mandela instead dedicates his life to fighting Apartheid. After peaceful approaches fail, he joins...  View Details
Keywords: Mission and Purpose; Values and Beliefs; Power and Influence; Personal Characteristics; Leadership Style; Success; South Africa
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  • October 2023 (Revised November 2023)
  • Teaching Note

The Miccosukee Tribe and the Battle to Save the Everglades: A Miami Climate Action Story
By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Jacob A. Small
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 324-002. "Miccosukee" explores the challenges of coordinating actions to solve a complex systems problem—from individuals, small organizations, and coalitions of multiple organizations. The case discusses the impact of climate change and...  View Details
Keywords: Climate Change
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  • October 2023
  • Supplement

Making Progress at Progress Software (B)
By: Katherine Coffman, Hannah Riley Bowles and Alexis Lefort
In this case, the Human Capital team at Progress Software has identified that some employees have a hard time understanding how to advance within Progress. This realization leads the team to develop several major people-process innovations: the introduction of...  View Details
Keywords: Leading Change; Negotiation; Organizational Culture; Performance Evaluation; Prejudice and Bias; Technology Industry; United States; Bulgaria
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  • October 2023
  • Case

Revvity: A Symbol of Change
By: Satish Tadikonda and William Marks
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  • October 2023
  • Case

FARM Rio: Bringing a Brazilian Fashion Brand to the World
By: Isamar Troncoso and Jill Avery
FARM Rio, a twenty-six year old Brazilian fashion brand had recently put down roots in the U.S. The brand, known for its bold, colorful, nature-inspired tropical prints, was testing the waters in Europe to assess if and how the brand should further expand globally....  View Details
Keywords: Global Marketing; Go-to-market Strategy; Global Branding; Brand Positioning; Marketing; Brands and Branding; Marketing Strategy; Fashion Industry; Brazil; United States; Europe
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  • September–October 2023
  • Article

Building Brand Engagement: Lessons from NFTs and Collectibles
By: Frank V. Cespedes and Ben Plomion
The financial hype about Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) has cooled considerably since trading in that market went from more than $780 million on May 1, 2022 to less than $295 million for the entire month of May, 2023. But brands launch marketing campaigns in this medium,...  View Details
Keywords: Opportunities; Digital Strategy; Brands and Branding; Marketing Strategy
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