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    • Faculty Publications  (27)

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    • All HBS Web  (135)
      • Faculty Publications  (27)

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      • April 2022
      • Teaching Note

      Christie's and Leonardo da Vinci's Salvator Mundi: The Value of a Brand

      By: Jill Avery
      A sixteenth century Renaissance masterpiece, missing for 137 years, believed by many to have been destroyed, and then rediscovered less than a decade ago, becomes the most expensive painting ever sold, all the while surrounded by controversy. Did the buyer of Leonardo...  View Details
      Keywords: Brand Management; Brand Valuation; Art; Art Dealer; Auction House; Brand Storytelling; Marketing; Brands and Branding; Marketing Strategy; Fine Arts Industry; United States; Italy
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      Avery, Jill. "Christie's and Leonardo da Vinci's Salvator Mundi: The Value of a Brand." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 522-088, April 2022.
      • March 2022
      • Teaching Note

      Farfetch: Digital Transformation for Luxury Brands

      By: Jill Avery and Sunil Gupta
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 522-051. Farfetch, a global luxury technology platform and digital marketplace had been surfing the wave of digital transformation in the luxury fashion industry since 2008. While the company’s stock price and market valuation had...  View Details
      Keywords: Brand Management; Retailing; Two Sided Markets; SaaS; Online Marketing; Marketing; Marketing Channels; Brands and Branding; Luxury; Digital Transformation; E-commerce; Digital Marketing; Retail Industry; Fashion Industry; London; United Kingdom; Portugal
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      Avery, Jill, and Sunil Gupta. "Farfetch: Digital Transformation for Luxury Brands." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 522-061, March 2022.
      • November 2021 (Revised December 2022)
      • Case

      Farfetch: Digital Transformation for Luxury Brands

      By: Sunil Gupta, Jill Avery, Elena Corsi and Federica Gabrieli
      Farfetch, a global luxury technology platform and digital marketplace had been surfing the wave of digital transformation in the luxury fashion industry since 2008. While the company’s stock price and market valuation had fluctuated since its IPO in 2018, it had...  View Details
      Keywords: Digital Marketing; Marketplaces; Retailing; Internet Marketing; E-Commerce Strategy; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Marketing Channels; Brands and Branding; Luxury; Growth and Development Strategy; Digital Transformation; E-commerce; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry; Fashion Industry; Retail Industry; Web Services Industry; Technology Industry; United Kingdom; Europe; Portugal; China
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      Gupta, Sunil, Jill Avery, Elena Corsi, and Federica Gabrieli. "Farfetch: Digital Transformation for Luxury Brands." Harvard Business School Case 522-051, November 2021. (Revised December 2022.)
      • June 2020
      • Teaching Note

      Shiseido Acquires Drunk Elephant

      By: Jill Avery
      On October 7, 2019, the Shiseido Group announced that it would acquire clean skincare brand Drunk Elephant for $845 million, a valuation of 8.5 times sales. Did Shiseido pay too much or too little for this brand asset? How much was the Drunk Elephant brand worth and...  View Details
      Keywords: Brand Management; Brand Valuation; Brand Equity; Brand Value; Mergers & Acquisitions; Startup; DTC; Brand Portfolio Strategy; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Brands and Branding; Mergers and Acquisitions; Valuation; Entrepreneurship; Business Startups; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States; Japan; Asia; North America
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      Avery, Jill. "Shiseido Acquires Drunk Elephant." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 520-121, June 2020.
      • May 2020 (Revised August 2022)
      • Teaching Note

      Direct to Consumer Brands

      By: Sunil Gupta
      In recent years, we have seen a dramatic rise of direct-to-consumer (DTC) brands. Many of these brands, such as Dollar Shave Club, Harry’s, Glossier, and Allbirds, entered mature markets dominated by established companies, and yet they grew rapidly to attain valuations...  View Details
      Keywords: Direct-to-consumer; Digital Marketing; Industry Evolution; Business Startups; Internet and the Web; Brands and Branding; Marketing; Change; Consumer Behavior
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      Gupta, Sunil. "Direct to Consumer Brands." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 520-118, May 2020. (Revised August 2022.)
      • January 2020 (Revised May 2020)
      • Case

      Direct to Consumer Brands

      By: Sunil Gupta
      Recent years have seen the dramatic rise of direct-to-consumer (DTC) brands by several startups. Many of these brands, such as Dollar Shave Club, Harry’s, Glossier, and Allbirds, entered mature markets dominated by established companies, and yet they grew rapidly to...  View Details
      Keywords: Direct-to-consumer; Digital Marketing; Industry Evolution; Business Startups; Internet and the Web; Brands and Branding; Marketing; Change
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      Gupta, Sunil. "Direct to Consumer Brands." Harvard Business School Case 520-060, January 2020. (Revised May 2020.)
      • November 2019 (Revised June 2020)
      • Case

      Shiseido Acquires Drunk Elephant

      By: Jill Avery
      On October 7, 2019, the Shiseido Group announced that it would acquire clean skincare brand Drunk Elephant for $845 million, a valuation of 8.5 times sales. Did Shiseido pay too much or too little for this brand asset? How much was the Drunk Elephant brand worth and...  View Details
      Keywords: Personal Care; Startup; Brand Equity; Brand Valuation; Brand Value; Brand Storytelling; Brand Management; Brands and Branding; Valuation; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Mergers and Acquisitions; Entrepreneurship; Business Startups; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States; Japan
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      Avery, Jill. "Shiseido Acquires Drunk Elephant." Harvard Business School Case 520-052, November 2019. (Revised June 2020.)
      • April 2019 (Revised October 2020)
      • Case

      Kraft Heinz: The $8 Billion Brand Write-Down

      By: Jill Avery
      On Friday, February 22, 2019, following an unexpected and disappointing earnings report, The Kraft Heinz Company’s stock price fell 27%, wiping out $16 billion in market value. CEO Bernardo Hees had announced that the company had taken a $15.4 billion asset write-down,...  View Details
      Keywords: Brand Management; Brand Value; Brand Equity; Marketing ROI; Brand Storytelling; Intangible Assets; Brand Valuation; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Brands and Branding; Management; Corporate Strategy; Consumer Behavior; Food; Marketing Communications; Advertising; Private Equity; Consumer Products Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; United States; North America
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      Avery, Jill. "Kraft Heinz: The $8 Billion Brand Write-Down." Harvard Business School Case 519-076, April 2019. (Revised October 2020.)
      • January 2019
      • Teaching Note

      Hubble Contact Lenses: Data Driven Direct-to-Consumer Marketing

      By: Ayelet Israeli
      Teaching Note for HBS No. 519-011. As its Series A extension round approaches, the founders of Hubble, a subscription-based, social-media fueled, direct-to-consumer (DTC) brand of contact lenses, are reflecting on the marketing strategies that have taken them to a...  View Details
      Keywords: DTC; Direct To Consumer Marketing; Health Care; Mobile; Attribution; Experimentation; Experiments; Churn/retention; Customer Lifetime Value; Internet Marketing; Big Data; Analytics; A/B Testing; CRM; Advertising; Marketing; Marketing Channels; Marketing Strategy; Media; Brands and Branding; Marketing Communications; Digital Marketing; Acquisition; Growth and Development Strategy; Customer Focus and Relationships; Consumer Behavior; Social Media; E-commerce
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      Israeli, Ayelet. "Hubble Contact Lenses: Data Driven Direct-to-Consumer Marketing." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 519-056, January 2019.
      • December 2018 (Revised October 2019)
      • Case

      Barteca: The Challenge and Opportunity of Private Equity

      By: Lena G. Goldberg and Michael S. Kaufman
      Andy Pforzheimer and Sasa Mahr-Batuz, co-founders of a highly successful seven-location restaurant brand, had just opened the first location of a new brand. They had mapped out future expansion for both brands but wondered if, rather than lining up an assortment of...  View Details
      Keywords: Restaurants; Brands and Branding; Expansion; Private Equity; Strategy; Decision Making
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      Goldberg, Lena G., and Michael S. Kaufman. "Barteca: The Challenge and Opportunity of Private Equity." Harvard Business School Case 319-076, December 2018. (Revised October 2019.)
      • August 2018 (Revised February 2023)
      • Case

      Hubble Contact Lenses: Data Driven Direct-to-Consumer Marketing

      By: Jill Avery and Ayelet Israeli
      As its Series A extension round approaches, the founders of Hubble, a subscription-based, social-media fueled, direct-to-consumer (DTC) brand of contact lenses, are reflecting on the marketing strategies that have taken them to a valuation of $200 million and debating...  View Details
      Keywords: DTC; Direct To Consumer Marketing; Health Care; Mobile; Attribution; Experimentation; Experiments; Churn/retention; Customer Lifetime Value; Internet Marketing; Big Data; Analytics; A/B Testing; CRM; Advertising; Marketing; Marketing Channels; Marketing Strategy; Media; Brands and Branding; Marketing Communications; Digital Marketing; Consumer Behavior; Acquisition; Growth and Development Strategy; Customer Focus and Relationships; Social Media; E-commerce; Analytics and Data Science; Health Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States; North America; Europe
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      Avery, Jill, and Ayelet Israeli. "Hubble Contact Lenses: Data Driven Direct-to-Consumer Marketing." Harvard Business School Case 519-011, August 2018. (Revised February 2023.)
      • February 2018 (Revised October 2019)
      • Technical Note

      The Art and Science of Brand Valuation

      By: Jill Avery
      Brand valuation, the art and science of calculating the economic value accruing to a firm from its use of an intangible brand asset, yields frustratingly inconsistent, discrepant, and, therefore, controversial results. While it is widely accepted that brands are...  View Details
      Keywords: Brand Valuation; Brand Value; Brand; Brand Management; Marketing ROI; Brand Equity; Analytics; Return On Investment; Brands and Branding; Valuation; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Investment Return; Consumer Behavior; Advertising Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Auto Industry; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry; Electronics Industry; Fashion Industry; Food and Beverage Industry
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      Avery, Jill. "The Art and Science of Brand Valuation." Harvard Business School Technical Note 518-086, February 2018. (Revised October 2019.)
      • January 2018 (Revised October 2019)
      • Case

      Christie's and Leonardo da Vinci's Salvator Mundi: The Value of a Brand

      By: Jill Avery
      A 16th century Renaissance masterpiece, missing for 137 years, believed by many to have been destroyed and then rediscovered less than a decade ago, becomes the most expensive painting ever sold, all the while surrounded by controversy. Did the buyer of Leonardo da...  View Details
      Keywords: Brands; Brand Valuation; Art Collector; Arts Marketing; Auction House; Auctions; Luxury Brand; Luxury Consumers; Luxury Goods; Marketing; Valuation; Marketing Strategy; Arts; Luxury; Value; Brands and Branding; Fine Arts Industry; Italy; United Kingdom; Europe; United States; United Arab Emirates
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      Avery, Jill. "Christie's and Leonardo da Vinci's Salvator Mundi: The Value of a Brand." Harvard Business School Case 518-066, January 2018. (Revised October 2019.)
      • December 2017 (Revised January 2018)
      • Teaching Note

      Bega Cheese: Bidding to Bring Vegemite Back Home

      By: Benjamin C. Esty, Lauren G. Pickle and Greg Saldutte
      In January 2017, the leadership team of Bega Cheese—the Australian dairy company—was considering a bid for Mondelēz International’s Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) grocery business which included several leading consumer brands such as Vegemite, the iconic Australian...  View Details
      Keywords: Mergers & Acquisitions; Value Drivers; Discounted Cash Flow (DCF); Dairy Industry; Corporate Scope; Diversification; Consumer Goods; Iconic Brands; Australia; Corporate Finance; Bidding Strategy; Cross Border; Financing; Mergers and Acquisitions; Valuation; Value Creation; Business Divisions; Capital Structure; Food; Bids and Bidding; Consumer Products Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Australia; United States
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      Ivashina, Victoria, Alexey Tuzikov, and Abhijit Tagade. "Valuation Techniques in Private Equity: LBO Model." Harvard Business School Background Note 218-106, June 2018.
      • December 2017 (Revised January 2022)
      • Supplement

      Bega Cheese: Bidding to Bring Vegemite Back Home

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and Lauren G. Pickle
      In January 2017, the leadership team of Bega Cheese—the Australian dairy company—was considering a bid for Mondelēz International’s Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) grocery business which included several leading consumer brands including Vegemite, the iconic Australian...  View Details
      Keywords: Mergers & Acquisitions; Value Drivers; Discounted Cash Flow (DCF); Dairy Industry; Corporate Scope; Consumer Goods; Iconic Brands; Bidding Strategy; Cross Border; Financing; Mergers and Acquisitions; Valuation; Value Creation; Business Divisions; Capital Structure; Food; Bids and Bidding; Diversification; Brands and Branding; Corporate Finance; Consumer Products Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Australia; United States
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and Lauren G. Pickle. "Bega Cheese: Bidding to Bring Vegemite Back Home." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 218-713, December 2017. (Revised January 2022.)
      • December 2017
      • Supplement

      Bega Cheese: Bidding to Bring Vegemite Back Home

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and Lauren G. Pickle
      In January 2017, the leadership team of Bega Cheese—the Australian dairy company—was considering a bid for Mondelēz International’s Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) grocery business which included several leading consumer brands (Vegemite—the iconic Australian spread,...  View Details
      Keywords: Mergers & Acquisitions; Value Drivers; Discounted Cash Flow (DCF); Dairy Industry; Corporate Scope; Diversification; Consumer Goods; Iconic Brands; Australia; Corporate Finance; Bidding Strategy; Cross Border; Mergers and Acquisitions; Valuation; Value Creation; Business Divisions; Capital Structure; Food; Bids and Bidding; Retail Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Australia; United States
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and Lauren G. Pickle. "Bega Cheese: Bidding to Bring Vegemite Back Home." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 218-701, December 2017.
      • December 2017 (Revised February 2021)
      • Case

      Bega Cheese: Bidding to Bring Vegemite Back Home

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and Lauren G. Pickle
      In January 2017, the leadership team of Bega Cheese—the Australian dairy company—was considering a bid for Mondelēz International’s Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) grocery business, which included several leading consumer brands such as Vegemite, the iconic Australian...  View Details
      Keywords: Mergers & Acquisitions; Value Drivers; Discounted Cash Flow (DCF); Dairy Industry; Corporate Scope; Consumer Goods; Iconic Brands; Bidding Strategy; Cross Border; Financing; Mergers and Acquisitions; Valuation; Value Creation; Diversification; Business Divisions; Corporate Finance; Capital Structure; Food; Bids and Bidding; Consumer Products Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Australia; United States
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and Lauren G. Pickle. "Bega Cheese: Bidding to Bring Vegemite Back Home." Harvard Business School Case 218-001, December 2017. (Revised February 2021.)
      • October 2015 (Revised September 2016)
      • Case

      Whirlpool Corp.: Structuring the Deal to Acquire Hefei Rongshida Sanyo Electric Company

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and Nancy Hua Dai
      Ian Lee, Whirlpool's VP for North Asia, had been negotiating a possible acquisition with Jackie Jin, the chairman of a leading Chinese appliance manufacturer named Hefei Rongshida Sanyo Electric Company (Hefei Sanyo), for almost six months when suddenly Hefei Sanyo's...  View Details
      Keywords: Mergers & Acquisitions; Regulation; Cross-border Investment; Brand Names; State-owned Enterprise (SOE); Appliances; White Goods; Consumer Durables; Negotiation; Valuation; Mergers and Acquisitions; State Ownership; Foreign Direct Investment; Brands and Branding; Consumer Products Industry; China
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and Nancy Hua Dai. "Whirlpool Corp.: Structuring the Deal to Acquire Hefei Rongshida Sanyo Electric Company." Harvard Business School Case 216-019, October 2015. (Revised September 2016.)
      • August 2013 (Revised November 2013)
      • Case

      Gordon Brothers: Collateralizing Corporate Loans by Brands

      By: Paul Healy and Maria Loumioti
      The case explores the collateralization of intellectual property in a loan agreement between a highly leveraged apparel company and a large US bank. Leveraging intangibles in the credit market is a new practice that has significantly grown over the past few years....  View Details
      Keywords: Intangible Assets; Accounting; Valuation; Finance; Restructuring; United States
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      Healy, Paul, and Maria Loumioti. "Gordon Brothers: Collateralizing Corporate Loans by Brands." Harvard Business School Case 114-016, August 2013. (Revised November 2013.)
      • February 2013
      • Case

      Diamond Foods, Inc.

      By: Suraj Srinivasan and Tim Gray
      The Diamonds Foods, Inc. case describes the major accounting blow up at the company in late 2011 that was triggered by a report by Off Wall Street, a prominent short selling research firm. Diamond Foods, a high flying growth company in 2011, grew from a walnut farmers'...  View Details
      Keywords: Accounting Restatements; Accounting Scandal; Accounting; Financial Analysis; Financial Statement Analysis; Short Selling; Revenue Recognition; Board Of Directors; Audit Committees; Auditing; Financial Reporting; Financial Statements; Agribusiness; Accrual Accounting; Earnings Management; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Disclosure; Corporate Governance; Valuation; Revenue; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; California; Cambridge
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, and Tim Gray. "Diamond Foods, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 113-055, February 2013.
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