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- 2023
- Working Paper
Black Ownership Matters: Does Revealing Race Increase Demand for Minority-Owned Businesses?
By: Abhay Aneja, Michael Luca and Oren Reshef
Is there consumer demand to support Black-owned businesses? To explore, we investigate the impact of a new feature on a large online platform that made the race of a set of Black business owners salient to customers. We find that this feature substantially increased...
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- December 2022
- Case
Applegate Farms
By: Forest L. Reinhardt, Jose B. Alvarez and Natalie Kindred
Keywords:
Agribusiness;
Food;
Consumer Behavior;
Animal-Based Agribusiness;
Brands and Branding;
Integration;
Strategy;
Change Management;
Change;
Organizational Structure;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
United States
- December 2022 (Revised January 2023)
- Case
Marfrig's Quest for Greener Beef
By: Jose B. Alvarez, Pedro Levindo and Ruth Costas
Marfrig, one of the world’s leading meatpackers, strived to comply with its commitment to have a deforestation-free value chain in Brazil by 2030. The company also pledged to reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases in accordance with the guidelines set by the...
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Keywords:
Agribusiness;
Animal-Based Agribusiness;
Plant-Based Agribusiness;
Acquisition;
Family Business;
Communication Strategy;
Environmental Management;
Climate Change;
Environmental Regulation;
Environmental Sustainability;
Bonds;
Food;
Global Strategy;
Goods and Commodities;
Government and Politics;
Political Elections;
Leading Change;
Marketing;
Product Marketing;
Product Positioning;
Supply Chain;
Supply Chain Management;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Business and Government Relations;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Partners and Partnerships;
Strategy;
Adaptation;
Business Strategy;
Commercialization;
Competitive Strategy;
Corporate Strategy;
Diversification;
Expansion;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Brazil;
Latin America;
Argentina;
Uruguay;
North America;
United States;
Europe;
Asia;
China
- December 2022
- Case
Mission Produce in 2022
By: Forest Reinhardt, Jose B. Alvarez and Natalie Kindred
Founded by CEO Steve Barnard in 1983, California-based Mission Produce was a leading supplier of Hass avocados with a global sourcing, marketing, and distribution network and $892 million in 2021 sales. Barnard had been influential in the global avocado trade’s...
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- 2022
- Working Paper
Getting on the Map: The Impact of Online Listings on Business Performance
By: Michael Luca, Abhishek Nagaraj and Gauri Subramani
We evaluate the extent to which small businesses maintain an online presence, looking at restaurant listings on a major online review platform. While the majority of restaurants have an online presence, we find that roughly 18 percent in our sample have no presence as...
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- December 2022 (Revised January 2023)
- Case
Cann: High Hopes for Cannabis Infused Beverages
By: Ayelet Israeli and Anne V. Wilson
Founded in 2018 by Jake Bullock and Luke Anderson, Cann sold “social tonics,” or cannabis-infused beverages. By 2022, the company had several notable celebrity investors and talent partners, had sold over 10 million beverages to consumers, was distributing in six...
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Keywords:
Stigma;
Product Innovation;
Product Introduction;
Product Differentiation;
New Products;
New Product Marketing;
New Product Management;
Brand Management;
Branding;
Packaging;
Positioning;
Growth Strategy And Execution;
Growth;
Cannabis Industry;
Purpose;
Purpose Brands;
LGBTQ;
Direct-to-consumer;
DTC;
Regulations;
Channels Of Distribution;
Product Development;
Product Marketing;
Product Positioning;
Product;
Innovation and Invention;
Brands and Branding;
Marketing;
Marketing Communications;
Marketing Channels;
Advertising;
Advertising Campaigns;
Digital Marketing;
Market Entry and Exit;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
United States;
Canada;
North America
- November 2022
- Case
Chêne Bleu: Caught in the Trade Tariff Crossfire
By: Dante Roscini, Elena Corsi and Daniela Beyersdorfer
A French wine estate faced a 25% tariff on its U.S. exports following a multi-decade-long EU-U.S. trade dispute in the aerospace industry.
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Keywords:
Trade;
Globalized Markets and Industries;
Business Startups;
Business Strategy;
Expansion;
Family Business;
Distribution;
Agribusiness;
Taxation;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
France;
United States;
Europe
- November 2022
- Case
Arcos Dorados’ Quest for the Digitalization of Last-Mile Delivery in Colombia
By: Jorge Tamayo, Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago and Mariana Cal
In 2018, Francisco Staton, Managing Director of Arcos Dorados in Colombia had to decide on the company’s strategy to expand its food ordering and delivery business in the country. Arcos Dorados stood as McDonald’s largest independent franchisee, and Colombia was one of...
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Keywords:
Digital Transformation;
Delivery;
McDonald's;
Latin America;
Quick Serve Restaurants;
QSR;
Transformation;
Decision Making;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Global Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Agreements and Arrangements;
Negotiation Tactics;
Logistics;
Service Delivery;
Organizational Culture;
Performance Improvement;
Partners and Partnerships;
Strategy;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Latin America;
South America;
Colombia
- November 2022
- Supplement
Arcos Dorados’ Quest for the Digitalization of Last-Mile Delivery in Colombia (B)
By: Jorge Tamayo, Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago and Mariana Cal
In 2020, Francisco Staton, president of Arcos Dorados’ Caribbean Division, and Héctor Orozco, Managing Director of Arcos Dorados Colombia, were looking into Arcos Dorados’ options to consolidate its food delivery service in Colombia. This time the matter at hand hinged...
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Keywords:
Transformation;
Decision Making;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Global Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Agreements and Arrangements;
Negotiation Tactics;
Logistics;
Service Delivery;
Organizational Culture;
Performance Improvement;
Partners and Partnerships;
Strategy;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Latin America;
South America;
Colombia
- October 2022 (Revised December 2022)
- Case
Aphro Beverages
By: Frank V. Cespedes and Amram Migdal
This case focuses on distribution, sales, and product decisions as Aphro Beverages reaches an inflection point in its growth trajectory. In 2020, Aphro Beverages, based in Accra, Ghana, successfully launched its brand and brought two new alcoholic spirits products to...
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Keywords:
Agribusiness;
Plant-Based Agribusiness;
Business Ventures;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Entrepreneurship;
Food;
Geography;
Geographic Scope;
Management;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Growth Management;
Resource Allocation;
Marketing;
Brands and Branding;
Digital Marketing;
Product Marketing;
Product Launch;
Product Positioning;
Social Marketing;
Operations;
Distribution;
Distribution Channels;
Product;
Product Design;
Product Development;
Supply Chain;
Sales;
Salesforce Management;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Africa;
Ghana
- September–October 2022
- Article
Should Your Company Sell on Amazon?: Reach Comes at a Price
By: Ayelet Israeli, Leonard A. Schlesinger, Matt Higgins and Sabir Semerkant
Selling on Amazon allows brands to reach millions of consumers—but that exposure comes with costs. They include smaller margins, more competition, the risk of commoditization, and less knowledge about customers.
In this article, the authors present a scorecard to...
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Keywords:
Retail;
Retailing;
Online Business;
Ecommerce;
E-commerce;
E-Commerce Strategy;
Omnichannel Retail;
Omnichannel Retailing;
Amazon;
Amazon.com;
Sales;
Digital Marketing;
Internet and the Web;
Business Model;
Retail Industry;
Retail Industry;
Retail Industry;
Retail Industry;
Retail Industry;
Retail Industry;
Retail Industry;
Retail Industry;
Retail Industry;
Retail Industry;
United States
- August 2022
- Case
Sweet Teez Bakery: Projecting the Dough’s Rise
By: Emily R. McComb, Mel Martin and Amy Klopfenstein
In 2021, the HBS Impact Investment Fund student team met with entrepreneur Teresa Maynard, who had applied for a $25,000 impact investment loan. The students thought the former Harvard Data Scientist’s bakery business, Sweet Teez Bakery, showed promise. Maynard had...
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- August 2022
- Supplement
Sweet Teez Bakery: Projecting the Dough’s Rise Financial Supplement
By: Emily R. McComb, Mel Martin and Amy Klopfenstein
Abstract: In 2021, the HBS Impact Investment Fund student team met with entrepreneur Teresa Maynard, who had applied for a $25,000 impact investment loan. The students thought the former Harvard Data Scientist’s bakery business, Sweet Teez Bakery, showed promise....
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- August 2022
- Case
Evaluating the Impact of Hillside Harvest
By: Archie L. Jones, Mel Martin and Amy Klopfenstein
In fall 2021, the HBS Impact Investment Fund student team had just finished their last round of due diligence on the BIPOC-founded premium hot sauce company Hillside Harvest. They thought the business had a fine performance, showing potential to grow into a successful...
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- July 2022 (Revised August 2022)
- Case
Athletic Brewing Company: Crafting the U.S. Non-Alcoholic Beer Category
By: Ayelet Israeli and Anne V. Wilson
Athletic Brewing Company (“Athletic,” for short) was founded by Bill Shufelt and John Walker in 2017. In creating Athletic, Shufelt and Walker opened the first U.S. brewery and taproom fully devoted to the production of non-alcoholic (NA) craft beer. By 2021, Athletic...
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- July 2022
- Case
FIJI Water: Carbon Negative? (Abridged)
In the midst of increasing press scrutiny of the bottled water industry’s environmentally harmful practices, FIJI Water made a series of sustainability promises. The boldest of these was a pledge to go “carbon negative.” The company said that not only would they offset...
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Keywords:
Carbon Footprint;
Carbon Offsetting;
Environmental Accounting;
Climate Change;
Environmental Sustainability;
Pollution;
Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues;
Misleading and Fraudulent Advertising;
Non-Governmental Organizations;
Brands and Branding;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Fiji;
United States
- July 2022
- Case
General Mills: Responding to the Killing of George Floyd (A)
By: Debora L. Spar and Alicia Dadlani
Jeff Harmening, CEO of General Mills, one of the world's largest manufacturers of breakfast cereals and packaged foods, was deeply disturbed and instantly aware that he and General Mills would need to respond. George Floyd, an African-American man who had been accused...
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- June 2022 (Revised October 2022)
- Background Note
Digital Commerce and Delivery: Preparing Food and Retail Value Chains for a 50-50 World
By: William R. Kerr, Daniel O'Connor, Paige Boehmcke and Will Ensor
Increasing digitalization of grocery retail and quick commerce reveals insights about managing complex supply chains at scale and shifting revenue streams from product sales to data monetization. How are the roles of retailers changing? What happens if marginal cost...
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Keywords:
Grocery Delivery;
Grocery;
Digitalization;
Fulfillment;
Delivery;
Supply Chain;
Disruption;
Food;
Supply Chain Management;
Market Design;
Trends;
Value Creation;
Goods and Commodities;
Customer Value and Value Chain;
Digital Transformation;
Retail Industry;
Retail Industry;
United States;
China
- June 2022
- Teaching Note
Bespoken Spirits: Disrupting Distilling
By: Benjamin C. Esty and Daniel Fisher
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 721-419. On October 7, 2020, Bespoken Spirits publicly announced it had received $2.6 million of seed funding for its “sustainable maturation process,” a process that could produce award-winning whiskeys in just days rather than years...
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- May 2022
- Case
Thinking Outside the Wine Box (A): Mekanism and the Franz for Life Campaign
This case provides an overview of “Franz for Life,” an advertising campaign that independent advertising agency Mekanism created and executed to revitalize the brand image of Franzia, a low-cost boxed wine. For several years, Franzia’s popularity declined among...
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