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Bottlenecks, Modules and Dynamic Architectural Capabilities
How do firms create and capture value in large technical systems? In this paper, I argue that the points of both value creation and value capture are...
The Pritzker Architecture Prize: Building Value (B)
The case provides a history of the architectural profession and the Pritzker Prize and also describes the role of prizes in validating innovations...
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  • June 2021
  • Article

Cognition and Emotion in Extreme Political Action: Individual Differences and Dynamic Interactions
By: Leor Zmigrod and Amit Goldenberg
Who is most likely to join and engage in extreme political action? While traditional theories have focused on situational factors or group identity attributes, an emerging science illustrates that tendencies for extreme political action may also be rooted in...  View Details
Keywords: Extreme Political Action; Ideology; Political Psychology; Cognition-emotion Interactions; Cognition and Thinking; Emotions; Personal Characteristics
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  • 2021
  • Working Paper

Growth, Transformation and Digital Capital: The Importance of Technological and Organizational Architecture
By: Ruiqing Cao and Marco Iansiti
The benefits to data analytics and machine learning have been distributed unevenly across firms around the world. Research on IT productivity points to intangible capital as a crucial driver of value creation from innovation in computing. We argue that an important...  View Details
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  • May 2021
  • Article

Choice Architecture in Physician–patient Communication: A Mixed-methods Assessments of Physicians’ Competency
By: J. Hart, Yadav, K., Szymanski, S., Summer, A., Tannenbaum, A., Zlatev, J., Daniels, D. and Halpern, S.D.
Background: Clinicians’ use of choice architecture, or how they present options, systematically influences the choices made by patients and their surrogate decision makers. However, clinicians may incompletely understand this influence....  View Details
Keywords: Choice Architecture; Health Care and Treatment; Interpersonal Communication; Decision Choices and Conditions
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  • March 2021
  • Article

A Diplomatic Counterrevolution: Indonesian Diplomacy and the Invasion of East Timor
By: Mattias Fibiger
This article reinterprets the Indonesian invasion of East Timor as a "diplomatic counterrevolution." Using the central archival records of the Suharto regime for the first time in English-language scholarship, it argues that Indonesian diplomats pursued diplomacy in...  View Details
Keywords: Diplomacy; Geopolitics; History; Globalization; Indonesia; Timor-Leste
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  • December 2020 (Revised March 2021)
  • Case

Made In Space, Expectations Management, and the Business of In-Space Manufacturing
By: Matthew C. Weinzierl and Mehak Sarang
After having proven its base technology (3D printing) through NASA solicitations and contracts, Made In Space was searching for a viable commercial application. But the business case for the leading candidate, high-quality fiber optic cable for use on Earth, remained...  View Details
Keywords: Aerospace; Space; Space Economy; 3D Printing; Manufacturing; Public-private Partnership; Partners and Partnerships; Strategy; Business and Government Relations; Aerospace Industry; Manufacturing Industry
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  • December 2020
  • Case

Château Margaux: Serving Up the Third Wine
By: Elie Ofek
In fall 2019, Corinne Mentzelopoulos, owner of the famous first-growth Château Margaux, is pondering a series of decisions with respect to the chateau's third wine. Margaux du Château Marguax, as this wine was called, was launched in 2013 with a particular goal in mind...  View Details
Keywords: Brand Management; Pricing; Wine Industry; Marketing Strategy; Product Marketing; Performance Evaluation; Price; Distribution Channels; Growth and Development Strategy; France
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  • Article

Healthy Buildings in 2070
By: John D. Macomber and Joseph G. Allen
Fifty years seems a very long time in the future for most industries. Not so in buildings and real estate; built structures routinely last decades if not hundreds of years, as long as they are economically competitive. Any discussion of the 50-year future has to...  View Details
Keywords: Health ＆ Wellness; Real Estate; Architectural Innovation; Public Health; Health; Buildings and Facilities; Well-being
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  • Article

Nudging: Progress to Date and Future Directions
By: John Beshears and Harry Kosowsky
Nudges influence behavior by changing the environment in which decisions are made, without restricting the menu of options and without altering financial incentives. This paper assesses past empirical research on nudging and provides recommendations for future work in...  View Details
Keywords: Nudge; Choice Architecture; Behavioral Economics; Behavioral Science; Behavior; Change; Situation or Environment; Decision Choices and Conditions; Decision Making
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  • May 2020 (Revised October 2020)
  • Teaching Note

The Marriott-Starwood Merger: Navigating Brand Portfolio Strategy and Brand Architecture
By: Jill Avery and Chekitan S. Dev
In September 2016, Marriott completed its $13.3 billion acquisition of Starwood Hotels & Resorts, which added 11 brands to its already robust 19 hotel brand portfolio. Tina Edmundson, Marriott’s global brand officer, was charged with making sense of the brand portfolio...  View Details
Keywords: Branding; Brand Portfolio Strategy; Brand Architecture; Hospitality Industry; Mergers ＆ Acquisitions; Marketing; Brands and Branding; Marketing Strategy; Mergers and Acquisitions; Travel Industry; Accommodations Industry; United States
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  • 2020
  • Book

Healthy Buildings: How Indoor Spaces Drive Performance and Productivity
By: Joseph Allen and John D. Macomber
By the time you reach 80, you will have spent 72 years of your life indoors. Like it or not, humans have become an indoor species. This means that the people who design, build, and maintain our buildings can have a major impact on our health.
Ever feel tired...  View Details
Keywords: Architecture; Real Estate Development; Air Pollution; Air Quality; Public Health; Productivity Gains; Buildings and Facilities; Health; Pollutants; Performance Productivity; Construction Industry
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  • March 2020
  • Case

A Tower for the People: 425 Park Avenue
By: John Macomber, Joseph G. Allen and Emily Jones
Healthy buildings and superior air quality are increasingly important since people now spend so much time indoors. Indoor spaces drive performance and productivity. Commercial real estate landlords and investors are responding to the demands of sophisticated tenants...  View Details
Keywords: Health And Wellness; Real Estate; Sustainability; Health; Pollution; Buildings and Facilities; Performance Productivity; Finance; Real Estate Industry; New York (city, NY)
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  • 2019
  • Article

Overcoming Cultural Resistance to Open Source Innovation
By: John Winsor, Jin Hyun Paik, Michael Tushman and Karim R. Lakhani
Purpose: This article offers insight on how to effectively help incumbent organizations prepare for global business shifts to open source and digital business models.
Design/methodology/approach: Discussion related to observation, experience and case studies...  View Details
Keywords: Open Source Innovation; Organizational Culture; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Business Model; Technological Innovation; Collaborative Innovation and Invention
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  • October 14, 2019
  • Article

The Truth About Open Offices: There Are Reasons Why They Don't Produce the Desired Interactions
By: Ethan Bernstein and Ben Waber
It’s never been easier for workers to collaborate—or so it seems. Open, flexible, activity-based spaces are displacing cubicles, making people more visible. Messaging is displacing phone calls, making people more accessible. Enterprise social media such as Slack and...  View Details
Keywords: Buildings and Facilities; Interpersonal Communication; Communication Technology; Design; Human Resources; Performance Productivity; Organizational Design
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  • November 2019
  • Article

When and Why Defaults Influence Decisions: A Meta-analysis of Default Effects
By: Jon M. Jachimowicz, Shannon Duncan, Elke U. Weber and Eric J. Johnson
When people make decisions with a pre-selected choice option—a “default”—they are more likely to select that option. Because defaults are easy to implement, they constitute one of the most widely employed tools in the choice architecture toolbox. However, to decide...  View Details
Keywords: Choice Architecture; Defaults; Default Effects; Decision Making; Behavior; Analysis
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  • September 2019 (Revised June 2020)
  • Case

2U: Higher Education Rewired
By: Yael Grushka-Cockayne and Karim R. Lakhani
In its 2019 Partner Symposium, 2U, an online program management provider (OPM), showcased its new vision: “Career. Curriculum. Continuum. A construct for lifelong learning in the 21st century.” 2U, founded in 2008 and went public in 2014, was looking to expand beyond...  View Details
Keywords: Digital Innovation; Digital Transformation; Architectural Innovation; Make V. Buy; Learning; Higher Education; Online Technology; Innovation Strategy; Transformation
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  • June–July 2019
  • Article

A Methodology for Operationalizing Enterprise IT Architecture and Evaluating Its Modifiability
By: Robert Lagerström, Alan MacCormack, David Dreyfus and Carliss Y. Baldwin
Recent contributions to information systems theory suggest that the primary role of a firm’s information technology (IT) architecture is to facilitate, and therefore ensure the continued alignment of a firm’s IT investments with a constantly changing business...  View Details
Keywords: Enterprise Architecture; Modularity; Information Systems; Modifiability; Design Structure Matrix
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  • Article

Choice Architects Reveal a Bias Toward Positivity and Certainty
By: David P. Daniels and Julian Zlatev
Biases influence important decisions, but little is known about whether and how individuals try to exploit others’ biases in strategic interactions. Choice architects—that is, people who present choices to others—must often decide between presenting choice sets with...  View Details
Keywords: Nudges; Biases; Strategic Decision Making; Social Influence; Choice Architects; Choice Architecture; Reflection Effect; Certainty Effect; Loss Aversion; Decision Making; Risk and Uncertainty; Power and Influence
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  • Article

Multivariate Unsupervised Machine Learning for Anomaly Detection in Enterprise Applications
By: Daniel Elsner, Pouya Aleatrati Khosroshahi, Alan MacCormack and Robert Lagerström
Existing application performance management (APM) solutions lack robust anomaly detection capabilities and root cause analysis techniques that do not require manual efforts and domain knowledge. In this paper, we develop a density-based unsupervised machine learning...  View Details
Keywords: Big Data; Data Science And Analytics Management; Governance And Compliance; Organizational Systems And Technology; Anomaly Detection; Application Performance Management; Machine Learning; Enterprise Architecture
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  • 2019
  • Working Paper

Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 13 Platform Systems vs. Step Processes—The Value of Options and the Power of Modularity
By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
This is the first chapter in Part 3. Its purpose is to contrast the value structure of platform systems with step processes from a technological perspective. I first review the basic technical architecture of computers and argue that every computer is inherently a...  View Details
Keywords: Platform Systems; Step Processes; Computer Architecture; Modularity; Technology
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  • 2019
  • Book

The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power
By: Shoshana Zuboff
In this masterwork of original thinking and research, Shoshana Zuboff provides startling insights into the phenomenon that she has named surveillance capitalism. The stakes could not be higher: a global architecture of behavior modification threatens human nature in...  View Details
Keywords: Consumer Profiling; Consumer Behavior; Forecasting and Prediction; Information Technology; Power and Influence; Ethics; Society; Transformation
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Are you looking for?

Bottlenecks, Modules and Dynamic Architectural Capabilities
How do firms create and capture value in large technical systems? In this paper, I argue that the points of both value creation and value capture are...
The Pritzker Architecture Prize: Building Value (B)
The case provides a history of the architectural profession and the Pritzker Prize and also describes the role of prizes in validating innovations...
→ Search All HBS Web