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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (331)
      • Faculty Publications  (34)

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      • 2022
      • White Paper

      Building from the Bottom Up: What Business Can Do to Strengthen the Bottom Line by Investing in Front-line Workers

      By: Joseph B. Fuller and Manjari Raman
      A significant number of American workers—44%—are employed in low wage jobs at the front line of industries. Despite undertaking some of the most tedious, dirtiest, and most dangerous jobs, low-wage workers are—and have long been—the most likely to be overlooked by...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19; Labor Market; Low-wage Workers; Worker Welfare; Churn/retention; Morale; Jobs and Positions; Employees; Wages; Retention; Well-being; Human Resources
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      Fuller, Joseph B., and Manjari Raman. "Building from the Bottom Up: What Business Can Do to Strengthen the Bottom Line by Investing in Front-line Workers." White Paper, Harvard Business School, January 2022.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      A Systems Psychodynamic Perspective on the Persistence of Racial Inequality at Work

      By: Sanaz Mobasseri, Wiliam Kahn and Robin Ely
      This paper uses systems psychodynamic concepts to develop a theory about the persistence of racial inequality in U.S. companies, treating White men as the dominant group and Black people as an illustrative subordinate group. We theorize that this persistence is rooted...  View Details
      Keywords: Systems Psychodynamics; Race; Organizational Inequality; Masculinity
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      Mobasseri, Sanaz, Wiliam Kahn, and Robin Ely. "A Systems Psychodynamic Perspective on the Persistence of Racial Inequality at Work." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-052, December 2021.
      • July 2021
      • Article

      Structuring Local Environments to Avoid Diversity: Anxiety Drives Whites' Geographical and Institutional Self-Segregation Preferences

      By: Eric Anicich, Jon M. Jachimowicz, Merrick Osborne and L. Taylor Phillips
      The current research explores how local racial diversity affects Whites’ efforts to structure their local communities to avoid incidental intergroup contact. In two experimental studies (N=509; Studies 1a-b), we consider Whites’ choices to structure a fictional,...  View Details
      Keywords: Segregration; Structural/institutional Racism; Organizational Exclusion; Diversity; Race; Organizations; Local Range; Prejudice and Bias
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      Anicich, Eric, Jon M. Jachimowicz, Merrick Osborne, and L. Taylor Phillips. "Structuring Local Environments to Avoid Diversity: Anxiety Drives Whites' Geographical and Institutional Self-Segregation Preferences." Art. 104117. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 95 (July 2021).
      • Article

      What Is Your Status Portfolio? Higher Status Variance across Groups Increases Interpersonal Helping but Decreases Intrapersonal Well-being

      By: Catarina R. Fernandes, Siyu Yu, Taeya M. Howell, Alison Wood Brooks, Gavin J. Kilduff and Nathan C. Pettit
      Individuals belong to multiple groups across various domains of life, which in aggregate constitute a portfolio of potentially distinct levels of experienced status. We propose a two-factor model for assessing the effects of an individual’s status portfolio, based on...  View Details
      Keywords: Status; Social Hierarchies; Helping; Perspective Taking; Anxiety; Status and Position; Groups and Teams; Perspective; Well-being
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      Fernandes, Catarina R., Siyu Yu, Taeya M. Howell, Alison Wood Brooks, Gavin J. Kilduff, and Nathan C. Pettit. "What Is Your Status Portfolio? Higher Status Variance across Groups Increases Interpersonal Helping but Decreases Intrapersonal Well-being." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 165 (July 2021): 56–75.
      • 18 Feb 2021
      • Interview

      Amy Edmondson: Are You Missing One of Your Most Important Jobs as a Manager?

      By: Amy C. Edmondson and Chris Clearfield
      During our conversation, we talked about:

      • The renewed interest in the concept of psychological safety
      • J.D. Thompson’s notion of “reciprocal coordination needs”
      • How knowledge work does not produce objective or mechanical...  View Details
      Keywords: Psychological Safety; Management Skills; Management Style; Interpersonal Communication
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      "Amy Edmondson: Are You Missing One of Your Most Important Jobs as a Manager?" Episode 18. The Breakdown with Chris Clearfield (podcast), February 18, 2021.
      • February 2021 (Revised March 2022)
      • Supplement

      The Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic and the Global Economy (B)

      By: Alberto Cavallo and Christian Godwin
      By December 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had swept across the globe, creating widespread disruption in all aspects of everyday life. Almost 90 million people had been infected and nearly two million had died from the disease. By this point in the pandemic—a year since...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Economy; Health Pandemics; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Global Range; Crisis Management; Disruption
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      Cavallo, Alberto, and Christian Godwin. "The Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic and the Global Economy (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 721-434, February 2021. (Revised March 2022.)
      • 2020
      • Article

      Worry at Work: How Organizational Culture Promotes Anxiety

      By: Jeremy A. Yip, Emma E. Levine, Alison Wood Brooks and Maurice E. Schweitzer
      Organizational culture profoundly influences how employees think and behave. Established research suggests that the content, intensity, consensus, and fit of cultural norms act as a social control system for attitudes and behavior. We adopt the norms model of...  View Details
      Keywords: Anxiety; Norms; Stress; Culture; Tightness-looseness; Curvilinear; Organizational Culture; Emotions; Performance
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      Yip, Jeremy A., Emma E. Levine, Alison Wood Brooks, and Maurice E. Schweitzer. "Worry at Work: How Organizational Culture Promotes Anxiety." Art. 100124. Research in Organizational Behavior 40 (2020).
      • June 2020
      • Article

      Air Pollution, State Anxiety, and Unethical Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Review

      By: J Lu, J. Lee, F. Gino and A. Galinsky
      Lu, Lee, Gino, and Galinsky (2018) reported four studies demonstrating that air pollution predicted unethical behavior and that one mediating mechanism was state anxiety. In contrast, Heck and colleagues reported two null-effect studies on air pollution, trait...  View Details
      Keywords: State Anxiety; Pollution; Behavior; Moral Sensibility; Analysis
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      Lu, J., J. Lee, F. Gino, and A. Galinsky. "Air Pollution, State Anxiety, and Unethical Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Review." Psychological Science 31, no. 6 (June 2020): 748–755.
      • May 2020
      • Article

      To Be or Not to Be Your Authentic Self? Catering to Others' Expectations and Interests Hinders Performance

      By: Francesca Gino, Ovul Sezer and Laura Huang
      When approaching interpersonal first meetings (e.g., job interviews), people often cater to the target’s interests and expectations to make a good impression and secure a positive outcome such as being offered the job (pilot study). This strategy is distinct from other...  View Details
      Keywords: Authenticity; Catering; Honesty; Selection; Impression Management; Interpersonal Communication; Behavior; Performance
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      Gino, Francesca, Ovul Sezer, and Laura Huang. "To Be or Not to Be Your Authentic Self? Catering to Others' Expectations and Interests Hinders Performance." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 158 (May 2020): 83–100.
      • March 2020
      • Article

      Explaining the Persistence of Gender Inequality: The Work-family Narrative as a Social Defense Against 24/7 Work Culture

      By: Irene Padavic, Robin J. Ely and Erin M. Reid
      It is widely accepted that the conflict between women’s family obligations and professional jobs’ long hours lies at the heart of their stalled advancement. Yet research suggests that this “work-family narrative” is incomplete: men also experience it and nevertheless...  View Details
      Keywords: 24/7 Work Culture; Hegemonic Narrative; Social Defense; Work-family Conflict; Systems-psychodynamic Theory; Work-Life Balance; Personal Development and Career; Gender; Equality and Inequality; Organizational Culture
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      Padavic, Irene, Robin J. Ely, and Erin M. Reid. "Explaining the Persistence of Gender Inequality: The Work-family Narrative as a Social Defense Against 24/7 Work Culture." Administrative Science Quarterly 65, no. 1 (March 2020): 61–111.
      • September 2019 (Revised June 2021)
      • Case

      Dove and Real Beauty: Building a Brand with Purpose

      By: Mark R. Kramer, Myriam Sidibe and Gunjan Veda
      Unilever subsidiary Dove soap became a "brand with a purpose" and created shared value when the company decided to launch a Campaign for Real Beauty to combat the artificial media-driven stereotype of female beauty that causes appearance anxiety in women and girls...  View Details
      Keywords: Stereotype; Body Image; Female; Self-Esteem; Brands and Branding; Mission and Purpose; Advertising Campaigns; Gender; Resource Allocation
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      Kramer, Mark R., Myriam Sidibe, and Gunjan Veda. "Dove and Real Beauty: Building a Brand with Purpose." Harvard Business School Case 720-361, September 2019. (Revised June 2021.)
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Mitigating the Negative Effects of Customer Anxiety Through Access to Human Contact

      By: Michelle A. Shell and Ryan W. Buell
      It is a well-established result in social psychology that when people feel anxious, they seek advice from others. However, increasingly companies that operate in high-anxiety settings (like financial services, health care, and education) are deploying self-service...  View Details
      Keywords: Anxiety; Self-service; Empirical Operations; Behavioral Operations; Customers; Emotions; Service Delivery; Interpersonal Communication; Customer Satisfaction; Trust
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      Shell, Michelle A., and Ryan W. Buell. "Mitigating the Negative Effects of Customer Anxiety Through Access to Human Contact." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-089, February 2019. (Revised April 2022.)
      • August 2018
      • Case

      Christine Lagarde

      By: Julie Battilana, Carin-Isabel Knoop, Vanessa Ampelas and Noemie Assenat
      For a modular presentation of the same material, please see “Christine Lagarde (A): A French Prime Minister Calls” (HBS No. 419-017), “Christine Lagarde (B): Being a Public Servant” (HBS No. 419-018), and “Christine Lagarde (C): Managing the IMF” (HBS No. 419-019)....  View Details
      Keywords: Change; Personal Development and Career; Power and Influence; Leadership; Gender; Leading Change
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      Battilana, Julie, Carin-Isabel Knoop, Vanessa Ampelas, and Noemie Assenat. "Christine Lagarde." Harvard Business School Case 419-016, August 2018.
      • March 2018
      • Article

      Polluted Morality: Air Pollution Predicts Criminal Activity and Unethical Behavior

      By: Jackson G. Lu, Julia J. Lee, F. Gino and Adam D. Galinsky
      Air pollution is a serious problem that influences billions of people globally. Although the health and environmental costs of air pollution are well known, the present research investigates its ethical costs. We propose that air pollution can increase criminal and...  View Details
      Keywords: Pollutants; Behavior; Moral Sensibility; Crime and Corruption
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      Lu, Jackson G., Julia J. Lee, F. Gino, and Adam D. Galinsky. "Polluted Morality: Air Pollution Predicts Criminal Activity and Unethical Behavior." Psychological Science 29, no. 3 (March 2018): 340–355.
      • September 2017
      • Case

      Christine Lagarde

      By: Julie Battilana, Carin-Isabel Knoop, Vanessa Ampelas and Noemie Assenat
      The case covers the youth and career trajectory of Christine Lagarde across her time at Baker & McKenzie, as a minister in the government of France and as the head of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The case highlights the challenges and opportunities she faced...  View Details
      Keywords: Change; Personal Development and Career; Power and Influence; Leadership; Gender; Leading Change
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      Battilana, Julie, Carin-Isabel Knoop, Vanessa Ampelas, and Noemie Assenat. "Christine Lagarde." Harvard Business School Case 418-007, September 2017.
      • August 2017 (Revised November 2021)
      • Case

      Ryan Greene at Rainier Wearables

      By: Shikhar Ghosh, Thomas R. Eisenmann and Christopher Payton
      This case provides a platform for discussing mental health and depression in entrepreneurship. Why do entrepreneurs have more mental health issues than other professions? What can an entrepreneur do if they face a situation where their mental well-being is being...  View Details
      Keywords: Mental Health; Depression; Entrepreneurship; Well-being; Personal Development and Career
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, Thomas R. Eisenmann, and Christopher Payton. "Ryan Greene at Rainier Wearables." Harvard Business School Case 818-047, August 2017. (Revised November 2021.)
      • Article

      Don't Stop Believing: Rituals Improve Performance by Decreasing Anxiety

      By: Alison Wood Brooks, Julianna Schroeder, Jane Risen, Francesca Gino, Adam D. Galinsky, Michael I. Norton and Maurice Schweitzer
      From public speaking to first dates, people frequently experience performance anxiety. And when experienced immediately before or during performance, anxiety harms performance. Across a series of experiments, we explore the efficacy of a common strategy that people...  View Details
      Keywords: Behavior; Performance; Emotions
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      Brooks, Alison Wood, Julianna Schroeder, Jane Risen, Francesca Gino, Adam D. Galinsky, Michael I. Norton, and Maurice Schweitzer. "Don't Stop Believing: Rituals Improve Performance by Decreasing Anxiety." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 137 (November 2016): 71–85.
      • 2016
      • Working Paper

      Explaining the Persistence of Gender Inequality: The Work-Family Narrative as a Social Defense Against the 24/7 Work Culture

      By: Irene Padavic, Robin J. Ely and Erin M. Reid
      It is widely accepted that the conflict women experience between family obligations and professional jobs’ long hours lies at the heart of their stalled advancement. Yet research suggests that this “work-family narrative” is partial at best: men, too, experience...  View Details
      Keywords: 24/7 Work Culture; Hegemonic Narrative; Social Defense; Work-family Conflict; Systems Psychodynamic Theory; Work-Life Balance; Personal Development and Career; Gender; Equality and Inequality; Organizational Culture
      Citation
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      Padavic, Irene, Robin J. Ely, and Erin M. Reid. "Explaining the Persistence of Gender Inequality: The Work-Family Narrative as a Social Defense Against the 24/7 Work Culture." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-038, October 2016.
      • February 2016 (Revised March 2018)
      • Case

      Labor, Capital, and Government: The Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902

      By: David Moss and Marc Campasano
      In late October 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt felt relieved after months of anxiety and uncertainty. Workers in Pennsylvania's anthracite coal industry had been on strike for five months, threatening to leave eastern cities in the cold without enough heating fuel...  View Details
      Keywords: Governance; Agreements and Arrangements; Business and Government Relations; Labor; Law; Policy; Mining; History; Mining Industry; Pennsylvania
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      Moss, David, and Marc Campasano. "Labor, Capital, and Government: The Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902." Harvard Business School Case 716-046, February 2016. (Revised March 2018.)
      • December 2015
      • Article

      Emotion and the Art of Negotiation: How to Use Your Feelings to Your Advantage

      By: Alison Wood Brooks
      Negotiations can be fraught with emotion, but it's only recently that researchers have examined how particular feelings influence what happens during deal making. Here the author shares some key findings and advice. Anxiety leads to poor outcomes. You will be less...  View Details
      Keywords: Negotiation Style; Emotions
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      Brooks, Alison Wood. "Emotion and the Art of Negotiation: How to Use Your Feelings to Your Advantage." Harvard Business Review 93, no. 12 (December 2015): 56–64.
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