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    • All HBS Web  (2,131)
      • Faculty Publications  (400)

      Alternative Investment Structures Remove Alternative Investment Structures →

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      • May–June 2023
      • Article

      Should Your Start-up Be For-profit or Nonprofit?: A Guide for Social Entrepreneurs

      By: Cait Brumme and Brian Trelstad
      Years ago the line between nonprofit and for-profit enterprises was clear, but that has changed. Nonprofits now offer products that compete with those of the best for-profits, and for-profits can deliver as much social value as charities. Despite the blurred...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Social Entrepreneurship; Mission and Purpose; Nonprofit Organizations; For-Profit Firms; Decision Choices and Conditions
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      Brumme, Cait, and Brian Trelstad. "Should Your Start-up Be For-profit or Nonprofit? A Guide for Social Entrepreneurs." Harvard Business Review 101, no. 3 (May–June 2023): 136–145.
      • April 2023
      • Article

      Inattentive Inference

      By: Thomas Graeber
      This paper studies how people infer a state of the world from information structures that include additional, payoff-irrelevant states. For example, learning from a customer review about a product’s quality requires accounting for the reviewer’s otherwise irrelevant...  View Details
      Keywords: Cognition and Thinking; Information Types; Behavior; Knowledge Acquisition
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      Graeber, Thomas. "Inattentive Inference." Journal of the European Economic Association 21, no. 2 (April 2023): 560–592.
      • March 2023
      • Case

      Roche: ESG and Access to Healthcare

      By: George Serafeim, Susanna Gallani and Benjamin Maletta
      In May 2022, Roche Group, one of the largest healthcare companies in the world, hosted its first ESG investor event focused exclusively on its efforts to impact access to healthcare. While Roche had recently set an ambitious goal to double the number of patients that...  View Details
      Keywords: ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Sustainable Finance; Growth Strategy And Execution; Sustainability Targets; Impact Evaluation; Healthcare Access; Healthcare Innovation; Healthcare Systems; Healthcare Operations; Finance; Strategy; Health Testing and Trials; Health Care and Treatment; Growth Management; Measurement and Metrics; Innovation Strategy; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Health Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Switzerland; North America; Europe; Asia; Latin America; Africa
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      Serafeim, George, Susanna Gallani, and Benjamin Maletta. "Roche: ESG and Access to Healthcare." Harvard Business School Case 123-075, March 2023.
      • January 2023 (Revised May 2023)
      • Case

      Peloton Interactive (A)

      By: Suraj Srinivasan, Lynn S. Paine and David Lane
      Early in February 2022, the board of Peloton Interactive faced some knotty challenges. Immense pandemic demand for its stationary exercise bicycles and treadmills had prompted the firm to scale up production rapidly. But as gyms reopened and the virulence of the virus...  View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Governance; Governing and Advisory Boards; Growth Management; Investment Activism; Leadership; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; Sports Industry; United States
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, Lynn S. Paine, and David Lane. "Peloton Interactive (A)." Harvard Business School Case 323-005, January 2023. (Revised May 2023.)
      • January 2023
      • Case

      Zaoui & Co. (A): Consigliere for High Stakes M&A Transactions

      By: Ashish Nanda, Alex Kitsberg and Zack Kurtovich
      In September 2019, Zaoui & Co.’s close-knit team of professionals convened for their annual off-site. In its nine years of operation, the boutique investment bank founded by the brothers Michael (HBS ’83) and Yoel Zaoui (Stanford GSB ’88), had garnered a track record...  View Details
      Keywords: Investment Banking; Professional Service Firm; Entrepreneurial Finance; Finance; M&A; Mergers and Acquisitions; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Growth and Development Strategy; Banking Industry; Europe; United States
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      Nanda, Ashish, Alex Kitsberg, and Zack Kurtovich. "Zaoui & Co. (A): Consigliere for High Stakes M&A Transactions." Harvard Business School Case 723-399, January 2023.
      • January 2023
      • Teaching Note

      MicroStrategy’s Investment in Bitcoin

      By: C. Fritz Foley, Celine Chammas and Donal O'Cofaigh
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 222-048.  View Details
      Keywords: Bitcoin; Corporate Strategy; Acquisition; Investment Portfolio; Capital Structure; Equity
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      Foley, C. Fritz, Celine Chammas, and Donal O'Cofaigh. "MicroStrategy’s Investment in Bitcoin." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 223-065, January 2023.
      • December 2022
      • Article

      Conflicting Interests and the Effect of Fiduciary Duty: Evidence from Variable Annuities

      By: Mark Egan, Shan Ge and Johnny Tang
      We examine the variable annuity market to study conflicts of interest and the effect of fiduciary duty in brokerage markets. Insurers typically pay brokers higher commissions for selling more expensive annuities. Our results indicate that sales are four times as...  View Details
      Keywords: Variable Annuity; Brokers; Fiduciary Duty; Finance; Investment; Insurance; Conflict of Interests; Financial Services Industry; Insurance Industry; United States
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      Egan, Mark, Shan Ge, and Johnny Tang. "Conflicting Interests and the Effect of Fiduciary Duty: Evidence from Variable Annuities." Review of Financial Studies 35, no. 12 (December 2022): 5334–5386.
      • 2022
      • Article

      Pills in a World of Activism and ESG

      By: Guhan Subramanian and Caley Petrucci
      Easterbrook and Fischel’s The Economic Structure of Corporate Law advances their now famous passivity thesis, which posits that managers should remain passive in the face of an unsolicited tender offer for the company’s shares. Consistent with the broader...  View Details
      Keywords: Investment Activism; Governance Controls; Business and Shareholder Relations
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      Subramanian, Guhan, and Caley Petrucci. "Pills in a World of Activism and ESG." University of Chicago Business Law Review 1 (2022): 417–439.
      • December 2022 (Revised December 2022)
      • Case

      Ribbit Capital and the Gauntlet Investment Opportunity

      By: Shai Bernstein and Allison M. Ciechanover
      Ten-year-old, Palo Alto-based Ribbit Capital is best-known for its global investments in fintech. The firm was also an early advocate of crypto and blockchain, having invested in more than two dozen startups in the space in the past decade. In the Spring of 2022,...  View Details
      Keywords: Alternative Assets; Cryptocurrency; Business Startups; Investment Portfolio; Decision Choices and Conditions; Negotiation Deal; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Venture Capital; Financial Services Industry; California
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      Bernstein, Shai, and Allison M. Ciechanover. "Ribbit Capital and the Gauntlet Investment Opportunity." Harvard Business School Case 823-038, December 2022. (Revised December 2022.)
      • November 2022
      • Case

      Ajax Health: A New Model for Medical Technology Innovation

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Ben Creo
      This case teaches key success factors for both startup and established MedTech firms. It examines how to structure a firm to maximize innovation and financial returns with organizational structures that better align the incentives for the different skill sets...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Success; Innovation Strategy; Mergers and Acquisitions; Market Entry and Exit; Financial Strategy; Business Model; Partners and Partnerships; Entrepreneurship; Private Equity; Technology Industry; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., and Ben Creo. "Ajax Health: A New Model for Medical Technology Innovation." Harvard Business School Case 323-043, November 2022.
      • November 2022
      • Article

      Hate Crime Towards Minoritized Groups Increases as They Increase in Sized-Based Rank

      By: Mina Cikara, Vasiliki Fouka and Marco Tabellini
      People are on the move in unprecedented numbers within and between countries. How does demographic change affect local intergroup dynamics? In complement to accounts that emphasize stereotypical features of groups as determinants of their treatment, we propose the...  View Details
      Keywords: Prejudice; Minority; Hate Crimes; Reference Dependence; Prejudice and Bias; Attitudes; Demographics
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      Cikara, Mina, Vasiliki Fouka, and Marco Tabellini. "Hate Crime Towards Minoritized Groups Increases as They Increase in Sized-Based Rank." Nature Human Behaviour 6, no. 11 (November 2022): 1537–1544. (Pre-Published online August 8, 2022, Featured in HBS Working Knowledge and ABC News.)
      • October 2022
      • Case

      Masdar City: Aiming for Sustainable and Profitable Real Estate

      By: Boris Vallee and Fares Khrais
      Masdar City broke ground in 2008 and was conceived by the Abu Dhabi government to be an international beacon of innovation in sustainable energy and real estate. It was also to be a profitable investment for the government. At first glance, the two goals pulled in...  View Details
      Keywords: Analysis; Green Building; Business Growth And Maturation; Decisions; Public Sector; Financial Crisis; Construction; Climate Change; Green Technology; Borrowing And Debt; Corporate Finance; Capital; Capital Budgeting; Capital Structure; Cost Of Capital; Equity; REIT; Financial Management; Financial Strategy; Initial Public Offering; Innovation; Growth And Development Strategy; Emerging Markets; Urban Development; Middle East; United Arab Emirates; Sustainable Cities; Green Buildings; Business and Government Relations; Decision Choices and Conditions; Financing and Loans; Real Estate Industry; Construction Industry; Energy Industry; Green Technology Industry; Abu Dhabi
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      Vallee, Boris, and Fares Khrais. "Masdar City: Aiming for Sustainable and Profitable Real Estate." Harvard Business School Case 223-036, October 2022.
      • September 2022
      • Case

      Esas Group: Investing Together, Staying Together

      By: Christina R. Wing and Alpana Thapar
      This case opens in June 2022, after Esas Group, one of Turkey’s largest family-owned investment firms, implements a series of changes to professionalize the business and help transition family members from operators to responsible investors. In December 2019, the Group...  View Details
      Keywords: Family Business; Transition; Business or Company Management; Organizational Structure; Governing and Advisory Boards; Governance; Financial Services Industry; Turkey
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      Wing, Christina R., and Alpana Thapar. "Esas Group: Investing Together, Staying Together." Harvard Business School Case 623-027, September 2022.
      • September 2022
      • Article

      Drivers of Philanthropic Foundations in Emerging Markets: Family, Values and Spirituality

      By: Valeria Giacomin and Geoffrey Jones
      This article discusses the ethics and drivers of philanthropic foundations in emerging markets. A foundation organizes assets to invest in philanthropic initiatives. Previous scholarship has largely focused on developed countries, especially the United States, and has...  View Details
      Keywords: Philanthropy; Foundations; Spirituality; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Social Enterprise; Emerging Markets; Values and Beliefs; Africa; Asia; Latin America; Middle East
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      Giacomin, Valeria, and Geoffrey Jones. "Drivers of Philanthropic Foundations in Emerging Markets: Family, Values and Spirituality." Journal of Business Ethics 180, no. 1 (September 2022): 263–282. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04875-4.)
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Private Equity Fund Valuation Management during Fundraising

      By: Brian K. Baik
      I investigate whether and how private equity fund managers (GPs) inflate their interim fund valuations (net asset values, or NAVs) during fundraising periods. Specifically, I study the extent to which the GPs inflate NAVs by managing valuation assumptions (e.g.,...  View Details
      Keywords: Private Equity; Institutional Investors; Valuation Multiples; Earnings Management; Private Firms; Valuation; Investment Funds
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      Baik, Brian K. "Private Equity Fund Valuation Management during Fundraising." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-013, August 2022.
      • August 2022
      • Case

      SuperRare: Turning an NFT Marketplace into a DAO

      By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang, Scott Duke Kominers and Amy Klopfenstein
      In June 2021, John Crain and Jonathan Perkins, the founders of SuperRare, a marketplace for non-fungible tokens (NFTs), contemplate whether to transform their company into a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO). Crain and Perkins founded SuperRare in 2018 to...  View Details
      Keywords: NFTs; Crypto Economy; Alternative Assets; DAOs; Arts; Governance; Governance Controls; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Information Technology; Technology Adoption; Internet and the Web; Digital Platforms; Innovation and Invention; Technological Innovation; Disruptive Innovation; Finance; Currency; Investment; Markets; Auctions; Bids and Bidding; Demand and Consumers; Network Effects; Market Design; Market Transactions; Market Timing; Web Services Industry; North and Central America; United States
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      Bussgang, Jeffrey J., Scott Duke Kominers, and Amy Klopfenstein. "SuperRare: Turning an NFT Marketplace into a DAO." Harvard Business School Case 823-027, August 2022.
      • Article

      The Value of Intermediation in the Stock Market

      By: Marco Di Maggio, Mark Egan and Francesco Franzoni
      We estimate a structural model of broker choice to quantitatively decompose the value that institutional investors attach to broker services. Studying over 300 million institutional equity trades, we find that investors are sensitive to both explicit and implicit...  View Details
      Keywords: Financial Intermediation; Institutional Investors; Research Analysts; Broker Networks; Equity Trading; Institutional Investing
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      Di Maggio, Marco, Mark Egan, and Francesco Franzoni. "The Value of Intermediation in the Stock Market." Journal of Financial Economics 145, no. 2A (August 2022): 208–233.
      • July 2022
      • Case

      David Crane’s Clean(er) Energy Strategy at NRG

      By: George Serafeim, Michael W. Toffel and Tom Quinn
      In 2015, David Crane was the CEO of NRG, the second-largest energy producer in the United States. NRG got most of its power from fossil fuels, but Crane – hired as CEO in 2003 as NRG emerged from bankruptcy – had invested heavily in alternative energy, loudly...  View Details
      Keywords: Energy; Leadership; Corporate Governance; Transformation; Alternative Energy; Energy Generation; Climate Change; Corporate Accountability; Renewable Energy; Energy Industry; United States
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      Serafeim, George, Michael W. Toffel, and Tom Quinn. "David Crane’s Clean(er) Energy Strategy at NRG." Harvard Business School Case 623-005, July 2022.
      • June 2022
      • Case

      PFA Pensions: The Climate Plus Product

      By: Daniel Green, Victoria Ivashina and Alys Ferragamo
      The case explores whether alternative investments play a unique role in achieving low carbon dioxide emissions at the portfolio level. This case is set in April of 2020 and follows Kasper Ahrndt Lorenzen, Chief Investment Officer, and Peter Tind Larsen, Head of...  View Details
      Keywords: Carbon Emissions; Carbon Footprint; Alternative Assets; Alternative Investment Vehicles; Pension Fund Investing; Private Equity; Renewable Energy; Investment Portfolio; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Denmark
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      Green, Daniel, Victoria Ivashina, and Alys Ferragamo. "PFA Pensions: The Climate Plus Product." Harvard Business School Case 222-088, June 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Retail Investors’ Contrarian Behavior Around News, Attention, and the Momentum Effect

      By: Cheng (Patrick) Luo, Enrichetta Ravina, Marco Sammon and Luis M. Viceira
      Using a large panel of U.S. brokerage accounts trades and positions, we show that a large fraction of retail investors trade as contrarians after large earnings surprises, especially for loser stocks, and that such contrarian trading contributes to post earnings...  View Details
      Keywords: Retail Investors; Post Earnings Announcement Drift; Price Momentum; Behavioral Finance; Investment; Demographics
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      Luo, Cheng (Patrick), Enrichetta Ravina, Marco Sammon, and Luis M. Viceira. "Retail Investors’ Contrarian Behavior Around News, Attention, and the Momentum Effect." Working Paper, June 2022.
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