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    • All HBS Web  (321)
      • Faculty Publications  (27)

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      • January 2023 (Revised March 2023)
      • Case

      OhmConnect: Energizing the Future

      By: Jeffrey F. Rayport, Jennifer Fonstad and Nicole Tempest Keller
      Founded in 2013, OhmConnect was a free consumer web app that alerted customers about peak hours of electricity demand, and paid them to lower their energy use at home during these periods. The company sold the aggregated reductions generated by thousands of households...  View Details
      Keywords: App Development; Renewable Energy; Electricity Usage; Regulations; VC; Technology; Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC); Scalability; Applications and Software; Growth and Development Strategy; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Business Model; Venture Capital; Energy Industry; United States; California; Texas; Europe
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      Rayport, Jeffrey F., Jennifer Fonstad, and Nicole Tempest Keller. "OhmConnect: Energizing the Future." Harvard Business School Case 823-065, January 2023. (Revised March 2023.)
      • December 2022
      • Technical Note

      Risks and Opportunities from the Transition to a Low Carbon Economy: A Business Analysis Framework

      By: George Serafeim
      The transition to a low carbon economy introduces many risks and opportunities for businesses. Risks emerge from regulatory actions, such as carbon taxes and cap and trade systems, technological innovation that develop alternatives for customers making existing...  View Details
      Keywords: Risk Assessment; Opportunities; Environmental Sustainability; Carbon Footprint; Risk Management; Competitive Dynamics; Business Analysis; Climate Change; Accounting; Finance; Valuation; Business and Shareholder Relations; Technological Innovation; Transition; Product Positioning; Renewable Energy; Analysis
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      Serafeim, George. "Risks and Opportunities from the Transition to a Low Carbon Economy: A Business Analysis Framework." Harvard Business School Technical Note 123-014, December 2022.
      • September 2022 (Revised February 2023)
      • Case

      EnergyNow: Powering a New Market

      By: Alexander MacKay and James Barnett
      In August 2022, EnergyNow co-founder and CEO Stuart MacWilliam (MBA 2015) considers the company strategy for building solar panels to provide power in South Africa’s recently deregulated energy market.  View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Development Economics; Energy; Alternative Energy; Energy Generation; Energy Sources; Renewable Energy; Entrepreneurship; Environmental Management; Ethics; Geography; Government and Politics; Energy Policy; Law; Management; Markets; Market Timing; Operations; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Africa; South Africa
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      MacKay, Alexander, and James Barnett. "EnergyNow: Powering a New Market." Harvard Business School Case 723-361, September 2022. (Revised February 2023.)
      • July 2022
      • Case

      David Crane’s Clean(er) Energy Strategy at NRG

      By: George Serafeim, Michael W. Toffel and Tom Quinn
      In 2015, David Crane was the CEO of NRG, the second-largest energy producer in the United States. NRG got most of its power from fossil fuels, but Crane – hired as CEO in 2003 as NRG emerged from bankruptcy – had invested heavily in alternative energy, loudly...  View Details
      Keywords: Energy; Leadership; Corporate Governance; Transformation; Alternative Energy; Energy Generation; Climate Change; Corporate Accountability; Renewable Energy; Energy Industry; United States
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      Serafeim, George, Michael W. Toffel, and Tom Quinn. "David Crane’s Clean(er) Energy Strategy at NRG." Harvard Business School Case 623-005, July 2022.
      • June 2022
      • Case

      PFA Pensions: The Climate Plus Product

      By: Daniel Green, Victoria Ivashina and Alys Ferragamo
      The case explores whether alternative investments play a unique role in achieving low carbon dioxide emissions at the portfolio level. This case is set in April of 2020 and follows Kasper Ahrndt Lorenzen, Chief Investment Officer, and Peter Tind Larsen, Head of...  View Details
      Keywords: Carbon Emissions; Carbon Footprint; Alternative Assets; Alternative Investment Vehicles; Pension Fund Investing; Private Equity; Renewable Energy; Investment Portfolio; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Denmark
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      Green, Daniel, Victoria Ivashina, and Alys Ferragamo. "PFA Pensions: The Climate Plus Product." Harvard Business School Case 222-088, June 2022.
      • 2022
      • Chapter

      Capitalism and the Environment

      By: Geoffrey Jones
      Capitalism drove the environmental decimation of the planet. The environment was seen as a free good, while the consequences of dirty industrial and agricultural processes were seen as external to the firm. Public policies largely allowed this to happen, as politicians...  View Details
      Keywords: History; Environment; Sustainability; Capitalism; Ethics; Business History; Environmental Sustainability; Green Technology; Pollution; Climate Change
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      Jones, Geoffrey. "Capitalism and the Environment." Chap. 8 in Evolutions of Capitalism: Historical Perspectives: 1200–2000, edited by Catherine Casson and Philipp Robinson Rössner, 187–211. Bristol, United Kingdom: Bristol University Press, 2022.
      • October 2021 (Revised February 2022)
      • Case

      Green Hydrogen in Chile

      By: Tarun Khanna, Jenyfeer Martínez Buitrago and Mariana Cal
      In 2020, the Chilean government wants to promote green hydrogen, a technology with high potential to help mitigate climate change. President Sebastián Piñera, aware of the country's advantages to produce green hydrogen competitively, asks Energy Minister Juan Carlos...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Decision Making; Alternative Energy; Renewable Energy; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Green Technology; Financial Instruments; Energy Policy; Government Administration; Strategy; Government and Politics; Social Issues; Energy Industry; Latin America; South America; Chile
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      Khanna, Tarun, Jenyfeer Martínez Buitrago, and Mariana Cal. "Green Hydrogen in Chile." Harvard Business School Case 722-361, October 2021. (Revised February 2022.)
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Deregulation, Market Power, and Prices: Evidence from the Electricity Sector

      By: Alexander MacKay and Ignacia Mercadal
      When deciding whether to introduce market competition in a regulated industry, a regulator faces an important tradeoff. Market-based prices can provide incentives to allocate resources more efficiently and reduce costs, but the presence of market power may lead to...  View Details
      Keywords: Deregulation; Market Power; Markups; Prices; Electricity; Energy; Markets; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Price; Utilities Industry
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      MacKay, Alexander, and Ignacia Mercadal. "Deregulation, Market Power, and Prices: Evidence from the Electricity Sector." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-095, February 2021. (Revised December 2022. Direct download.)
      • February 2021
      • Case

      Yellow Digital Retailers: Providing Solar Electricity to Transform Rural Africa

      By: Lynda M. Applegate, Frank V. Cespedes and Michael Norris
      In 2020, Mike Heyink and Maya Stewart, co-founders of the Pay-as-you-Go Solar company Yellow were considering how to grow their startup. They had achieved some success in their first market, Malawi, and had recently entered Uganda, where business was slower. What did...  View Details
      Keywords: Solar Energy; Business Model; Business Startups; Developing Countries and Economies; Alternative Energy; Renewable Energy; Social Entrepreneurship; Green Technology; Salesforce Management; Diversification; Expansion; Energy Industry; Africa; South Africa; Malawi; Uganda
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      Applegate, Lynda M., Frank V. Cespedes, and Michael Norris. "Yellow Digital Retailers: Providing Solar Electricity to Transform Rural Africa." Harvard Business School Case 821-041, February 2021.
      • September 2020 (Revised November 2020)
      • Case

      d.light

      By: Michael Chu, Krishna G. Palepu and Dilyana Karadzhova Botha
      Kenyan off-grid-solar pioneer d.light can power entire homes in rural Africa but must now decide how to fund the growth of its asset-heavy business model. Ned Tozun and Sam Goldman founded d.light in 2006 to transform lives through solar solutions enabling access to...  View Details
      Keywords: Alternative Energy; Business Model; Capital; Emerging Markets; Expansion; Financial Strategy; Renewable Energy; Strategy; Social Entrepreneurship; Energy Industry; Africa; Kenya; India
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      Chu, Michael, Krishna G. Palepu, and Dilyana Karadzhova Botha. "d.light." Harvard Business School Case 321-069, September 2020. (Revised November 2020.)
      • May 2020
      • Teaching Note

      Big Boom Beverages: Fight or Flight? (Brief Case)

      By: Stephen A. Greyser and William Ellet
      Teaching Note for HBS Brief Case No. 920-557. The case addresses analysis and decisions related to the entrepreneurial life of a distinctive energy beverage, including its niche market launch, early problems, reformulation, social media impact, market success, and...  View Details
      Keywords: Alcoholic Beverages; Energy Drinks; Regulation; Entrepreneurship; Ethics; Marketing Communications; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Reputation; Communication Strategy; Decision Making
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      Greyser, Stephen A., and William Ellet. "Big Boom Beverages: Fight or Flight? (Brief Case)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 920-558, May 2020.
      • 2017
      • Book

      Profits and Sustainability: A History of Green Entrepreneurship

      By: Geoffrey Jones
      This book explores whether profits and environmental sustainability are compatible through the lens of a global history of green entrepreneurship between the nineteenth century and today. It tells the story of the extraordinary and often eccentric men and women who...  View Details
      Keywords: Environmental Entrepreneurship; Green Business; Sustainability; Entrepreneurship; Ethics; Business History; Religion; Environmental Sustainability; Alternative Energy Industry; Alternative Energy Industry; Alternative Energy Industry; Alternative Energy Industry; Alternative Energy Industry; Alternative Energy Industry; Alternative Energy Industry; Alternative Energy Industry; Alternative Energy Industry; Africa; Asia; Europe; Latin America; North and Central America; Oceania
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      Jones, Geoffrey. Profits and Sustainability: A History of Green Entrepreneurship. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017.
      • Article

      Transition to Clean Technology

      By: Daron Acemoglu, Ufuk Akcigit, Douglas Hanley and William R. Kerr
      We develop a microeconomic model of endogenous growth where clean and dirty technologies compete in production and innovation, in the sense that research can be directed to either clean or dirty technologies. If dirty technologies are more advanced to start with, the...  View Details
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; Entrepreneurship; Environmental Sustainability; Green Technology Industry
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      Acemoglu, Daron, Ufuk Akcigit, Douglas Hanley, and William R. Kerr. "Transition to Clean Technology." Special Issue on Climate Change and the Economy. Journal of Political Economy 124, no. 2 (February 2016): 52–104.
      • January–February 2014
      • Article

      Building a Game-Changing Talent Strategy

      By: Douglas A. Ready, Linda A. Hill and Robert J. Thomas
      When most of the world's financial services giants were stumbling and retrenching in the aftermath of the 2008 recession, the asset management firm BlackRock was busy charting a course for growth. Its revenues, profits, and stock price all performed consistently...  View Details
      Keywords: Talent and Talent Management; Success; Business Strategy; Financial Crisis; Financial Services Industry
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      Ready, Douglas A., Linda A. Hill, and Robert J. Thomas. "Building a Game-Changing Talent Strategy." Harvard Business Review 92, nos. 1-2 (January–February 2014): 62–68.
      • November 2012 (Revised April 2013)
      • Case

      Colbún and the Future of Chile's Power

      By: Forest Reinhardt and Shon R. Hiatt
      This case is about Colbún, Chile's second largest electricity generator, which is facing significant uncertainty regarding the cost and availability of alternative energy sources. Problems with the contracted supply of natural gas and the volatility of oil prices,...  View Details
      Keywords: Energy; Chile; Environmental Protection; Energy Generation; Energy Industry; South America; Chile
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      Reinhardt, Forest, and Shon R. Hiatt. "Colbún and the Future of Chile's Power ." Harvard Business School Case 713-047, November 2012. (Revised April 2013.)
      • June 2012
      • Case

      PV Technologies, Inc.: Were They Asleep at the Switch?

      By: Frank V. Cespedes and Diane Badame
      PV Technologies, Inc. is an industry-leading manufacturer of photovoltaic inverters used to convert the direct current output of solar panels into alternating current for the commercial power grid. In conjunction with a request for proposal, the company's largest...  View Details
      Keywords: Marketing Strategy; Customer Relationship Management; Competitive Strategy; Product Marketing; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; United States
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      Cespedes, Frank V., and Diane Badame. "PV Technologies, Inc.: Were They Asleep at the Switch?" Harvard Business School Brief Case 913-505, June 2012.
      • 2012
      • Working Paper

      'Power from Sunshine': A Business History of Solar Energy

      By: Geoffrey Jones and Loubna Bouamane
      This working paper provides a longitudinal perspective on the business history of solar energy between the nineteenth century and the present day. It covers early attempts to develop solar energy, the use of passive solar in architecture before World War 2, and the...  View Details
      Keywords: Renewable Energy; Business History; Policy; Entrepreneurship; Innovation and Invention; Business Model; Energy Industry
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      Jones, Geoffrey, and Loubna Bouamane. "'Power from Sunshine': A Business History of Solar Energy." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-105, May 2012.
      • September – October 2009
      • Article

      U.S. Energy Policy: Overcoming Barriers to Acting

      By: Max Bazerman
      Energy policy is on everyone's mind these days. The U.S. presidential campaign focused on energy independence and exploration (drill, baby, drill), climate change, alternative fuels, even nuclear energy. But there is a serious problem endemic to America's energy...  View Details
      Keywords: Policy; Climate Change; Energy Sources; Government and Politics; Cognition and Thinking; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Problems and Challenges; Non-Renewable Energy; Economics; Natural Environment; Energy Industry; United States
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      Bazerman, Max. "U.S. Energy Policy: Overcoming Barriers to Acting." Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development (September–October 2009). (This is a adaptation of a paper that originally appeared as "Barriers to Acting in Time on Energy, and Strategies for Overcoming Them" in K. Gallagher (Ed.), Acting in Time on Energy Policy. Washington, DC: Brookings, 2009.)
      • June 2009 (Revised December 2011)
      • Case

      Colbún—Powering Chile

      By: Forest L. Reinhardt, Gustavo A. Herrero and Sanjay Patnaik
      This case is about Colbún, Chile's second largest electricity generator, which is facing significant uncertainty regarding the cost and availability of alternative energy sources. Problems with the contracted supply of natural gas and the volatility of oil prices,...  View Details
      Keywords: Non-Renewable Energy; Globalized Markets and Industries; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Government Legislation; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Business and Government Relations; Climate Change; Business Strategy; Energy Industry; Chile
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      Reinhardt, Forest L., Gustavo A. Herrero, and Sanjay Patnaik. "Colbún—Powering Chile." Harvard Business School Case 709-060, June 2009. (Revised December 2011.)
      • January 2009 (Revised May 2009)
      • Supplement

      Innovation at Mahindra & Mahindra (C)

      By: Stefan H. Thomke and Briana Doerr Luthra
      Supplement to 609065  View Details
      Keywords: Innovation and Invention; Alternative Energy
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      Thomke, Stefan H., and Briana Doerr Luthra. "Innovation at Mahindra & Mahindra (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 609-068, January 2009. (Revised May 2009.)
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