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    • All HBS Web  (52)
      • Faculty Publications  (22)

      Accrual Accounting Remove Accrual Accounting →

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      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Is Accounting Useful for Forecasting GDP Growth? A Machine Learning Perspective

      By: Srikant Datar, Apurv Jain, Charles C.Y. Wang and Siyu Zhang
      We provide a comprehensive examination of whether, to what extent, and which accounting variables are useful for improving the predictive accuracy of GDP growth forecasts. We leverage statistical models that accommodate a broad set of (341) variables—outnumbering the...  View Details
      Keywords: Big Data; Elastic Net; GDP Growth; Machine Learning; Macro Forecasting; Short Fat Data; Accounting; Economic Growth; Forecasting and Prediction; Analytics and Data Science
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      Datar, Srikant, Apurv Jain, Charles C.Y. Wang, and Siyu Zhang. "Is Accounting Useful for Forecasting GDP Growth? A Machine Learning Perspective." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-113, December 2020.
      • December 2018 (Revised August 2022)
      • Teaching Note

      Revenue Recognition at HBP

      By: Siko Sikochi and Paul Healy
      In early 2014, Corporate Learning, one of three business units at Harvard Business Publishing (HBP), was in the process of revamping its flagship product, Harvard Manage-Mentor (HMM) from version 11.0 (HMM11) to version 12.0 (HMM12). The revamped software would be...  View Details
      Keywords: Accrual Accounting; Budgets and Budgeting; Revenue Recognition; Financial Reporting; Publishing Industry; Education Industry; United States
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      Sikochi, Siko, and Paul Healy. "Revenue Recognition at HBP." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 119-015, December 2018. (Revised August 2022.)
      • 2018
      • Article

      The Role of Overbilling in Hospitals' Earnings Management Decisions

      By: Jonas Heese
      This paper examines the role of overbilling in hospitals’ earnings management choices. Overbilling by hospitals is a form of revenue manipulation that involves misclassifying a patient into a diagnosis-related group that yields higher reimbursement. As overbilling...  View Details
      Keywords: Overbilling; Accrual-based Earnings Management; Real Activities Manipulation; For-profit Hospitals; Earnings Management; Health Industry
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      Heese, Jonas. "The Role of Overbilling in Hospitals' Earnings Management Decisions." European Accounting Review 27, no. 5 (2018).
      • August 2018 (Revised July 2020)
      • Case

      Revenue Recognition at HBP

      By: Paul Healy and Siko Sikochi
      In early 2014, Paul Bills, CFO of Harvard Business Publishing (HBP), sat down with David Wan, the company’s CEO, to discuss budget preparations for the coming year. Bills noted that the performance of Corporate Learning, one of HBP’s three business units, would be...  View Details
      Keywords: Accrual Accounting; Budgets and Budgeting; Revenue Recognition; Financial Reporting; Publishing Industry; Education Industry; United States
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      Healy, Paul, and Siko Sikochi. "Revenue Recognition at HBP." Harvard Business School Case 119-029, August 2018. (Revised July 2020.)
      • June 2016
      • Supplement

      Supply Chain Finance at Procter & Gamble Spreadsheet Supplement

      By: Benjamin C. Esty, Scott Mayfield and David Lane
      In April 2013, Procter & Gamble (P&G), the world’s largest consumer packaged goods (CPG) company, announced that it would extend its payment terms to suppliers by 30 days. At the same time, P&G announced a new supply chain financing (SCF) program giving suppliers the...  View Details
      Keywords: Working Capital; Supply Chain Finance; Corporate Treasury; Consumer Packaged Goods; Value Creation; Supply Chain; Supplier Relationships; Banking; Liquidity; Accounts Payable; Accrual Accounting; Financial Reporting; Cash Flow; Cost Management; Banks and Banking; Financial Strategy; Multinational Firms and Management; Supply Chain Management; United States; Brazil
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      Esty, Benjamin C., Scott Mayfield, and David Lane. "Supply Chain Finance at Procter & Gamble Spreadsheet Supplement." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 216-713, June 2016.
      • May 2016 (Revised May 2017)
      • Case

      Supply Chain Finance at Procter & Gamble

      By: Benjamin C. Esty, E. Scott Mayfield and David Lane
      In April 2013, Procter & Gamble (P&G), the world’s largest consumer packaged goods (CPG) company, announced that it would extend its payment terms to suppliers by 30 days. At the same time, P&G announced a new supply chain financing (SCF) program giving suppliers the...  View Details
      Keywords: Working Capital; Supply Chain Finance; Corporate Treasury; Consumer Packaged Goods; Supply Chain; Supplier Relationships; Banking; Liquidity; Accounts Payable; Financial Reporting; Cash Flow; Cost Management; Banks and Banking; Financial Strategy; Multinational Firms and Management; Supply Chain Management; Accrual Accounting; Value Creation; Consumer Products Industry; Forest Products Industry; United States; Brazil
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      Esty, Benjamin C., E. Scott Mayfield, and David Lane. "Supply Chain Finance at Procter & Gamble." Harvard Business School Case 216-039, May 2016. (Revised May 2017.)
      • 2017
      • Working Paper

      Economic Uncertainty and Earnings Management

      By: Luke C.D. Stein and Charles C.Y. Wang
      In the presence of managerial short-termism and asymmetric information about skill and effort provision, firms may opportunistically shift earnings from uncertain to more certain times. We document empirically that when financial markets are less certain about a firm's...  View Details
      Keywords: Discretionary Accruals; Uncertainty; Implied Volatility; Earnings Response Coefficient; Risk and Uncertainty; Earnings Management; Financial Markets
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      Stein, Luke C.D., and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Economic Uncertainty and Earnings Management." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-103, March 2016. (Revised April 2017.)
      • June 2015 (Revised January 2017)
      • Case

      Greece's Debt: Sustainable?

      By: George Serafeim
      The case "Greece's Debt: Sustainable?" describes the Greek economic crisis, bailout from the European Union and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the debt restructuring that followed. Because of a lack of trust in Greece's ability to repay its debt, two...  View Details
      Keywords: Debt Crisis; Accounting; Debt Sustainability; Austerity; Solvency Opinions; Borrowing and Debt; Restructuring; Valuation; Accrual Accounting; Fair Value Accounting; Economy; Greece
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      Serafeim, George. "Greece's Debt: Sustainable?" Harvard Business School Case 115-063, June 2015. (Revised January 2017.)
      • March 2013
      • Case

      NovaStar Financial: A Short Seller's Battle

      By: Suraj Srinivasan and Amy Kaser
      The NovaStar case describes the challenges faced by short seller Marc Cohodes of hedge fund Rocker Partners as he tried to expose what he thought was widespread fraud in mortgage lender NovaStar Financial. The case is set in the time period from 2001 to 2007 and tracks...  View Details
      Keywords: Short Selling; Financial Accounting; Financial Analysis; Financial Analysts; Valuation; Business Analysis; Financial Statement Analysis; Financial Statements; Securitization; Securities Analysis; Fraud; Accounting Quality; Accounting Red Flags; Accounting Restatements; Hedge Fund; Hedge Funds; Accounting Scandal; Accounting Fraud; Financial Crisis; Financial Intermediaries; Financial Firms; Corporate Accountability; Subprime Lending; Mortgage Lending; Accounting; Accrual Accounting; Fair Value Accounting; Governance; Governance Compliance; Corporate Governance; Governance Controls; Financial Services Industry; United States; California
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, and Amy Kaser. "NovaStar Financial: A Short Seller's Battle." Harvard Business School Case 113-120, March 2013.
      • February 2013
      • Case

      Diamond Foods, Inc.

      By: Suraj Srinivasan and Tim Gray
      The Diamonds Foods, Inc. case describes the major accounting blow up at the company in late 2011 that was triggered by a report by Off Wall Street, a prominent short selling research firm. Diamond Foods, a high flying growth company in 2011, grew from a walnut farmers'...  View Details
      Keywords: Accounting Restatements; Accounting Scandal; Accounting; Financial Analysis; Financial Statement Analysis; Short Selling; Revenue Recognition; Board Of Directors; Audit Committees; Auditing; Financial Reporting; Financial Statements; Agribusiness; Accrual Accounting; Earnings Management; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Disclosure; Corporate Governance; Valuation; Revenue; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; California; Cambridge
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, and Tim Gray. "Diamond Foods, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 113-055, February 2013.
      • December 2010
      • Supplement

      Urban Water Partners (A) Spreadsheet Solutions (CW)

      By: Karthik Ramanna and George Serafeim
      Teaching Note for Spreadsheet (111701).  View Details
      Keywords: Performance Evaluation; Accrual Accounting; Financial Statements; Health Industry; Utilities Industry; Dar es Salaam
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      Ramanna, Karthik, and George Serafeim. "Urban Water Partners (A) Spreadsheet Solutions (CW)." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 111-705, December 2010.
      • August 2010 (Revised December 2010)
      • Supplement

      Urban Water Partners (A) (CW)

      By: Karthik Ramanna and George Serafeim
      The case explores a new venture to bring clean water to Tanzanians who otherwise cannot access or afford it. Management has enough money to get their company through August 2010, but needs more capital. An HBS alum is interested in investing in the company;...  View Details
      Keywords: Human Needs; Accrual Accounting; Financial Statements; Health Industry; Utilities Industry; Dar es Salaam
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      Ramanna, Karthik, and George Serafeim. "Urban Water Partners (A) (CW)." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 111-701, August 2010. (Revised December 2010.)
      • August 2010 (Revised January 2013)
      • Case

      Urban Water Partners (A)

      By: Karthik Ramanna, George Serafeim and Aldo Sesia
      The case explores a new business venture to bring clean water to residents of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, who otherwise cannot afford it. Management has enough money to get the company through August 2010 but needs more capital thereafter. An HBS alumnus is interested in...  View Details
      Keywords: Accrual Accounting; Financial Statements; Business Startups; Social Entrepreneurship; Investment; Performance Evaluation; Dar es Salaam; Massachusetts
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      Ramanna, Karthik, George Serafeim, and Aldo Sesia. "Urban Water Partners (A)." Harvard Business School Case 111-016, August 2010. (Revised January 2013.)
      • August 2010 (Revised January 2013)
      • Supplement

      Urban Water Partners (B)

      By: Karthik Ramanna, George Serafeim and Aldo Sesia
      The case explores a new business venture to bring clean water to residents of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, who otherwise cannot afford it. Management has enough money to get their company through August 2010, but needs more capital thereafter. An HBS alumnus is interested...  View Details
      Keywords: Human Needs; Accrual Accounting; Financial Statements; Health Industry; Utilities Industry; Dar es Salaam
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      Ramanna, Karthik, George Serafeim, and Aldo Sesia. "Urban Water Partners (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 111-029, August 2010. (Revised January 2013.)
      • August 2009 (Revised June 2011)
      • Case

      Kansas City Zephyrs Baseball Club, Inc. 2006

      By: Krishna G. Palepu
      This case centers around a dispute between the owners and the players regarding the profitability of professional baseball teams in connection with the negotiations for a new collective bargaining agreement. The case describes the financial statements of the baseball...  View Details
      Keywords: Accrual Accounting; Financial Statements; Profit; Labor Unions; Measurement and Metrics; Agreements and Arrangements; Performance; Sports Industry; United States
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      Palepu, Krishna G. "Kansas City Zephyrs Baseball Club, Inc. 2006." Harvard Business School Case 110-022, August 2009. (Revised June 2011.)
      • May 2008
      • Article

      Real and Accrual-Based Earnings Management in the Pre- and Post-Sarbanes Oxley Periods

      By: Daniel Cohen, Aiyesha Dey and Thomas Lys
      We document that accrual‐based earnings management increased steadily from 1987 until the passage of the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act (SOX) in 2002, followed by a significant decline after the passage of SOX. Conversely, the level of real earnings management activities declined...  View Details
      Keywords: Earnings Management; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Outcome or Result
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      Cohen, Daniel, Aiyesha Dey, and Thomas Lys. "Real and Accrual-Based Earnings Management in the Pre- and Post-Sarbanes Oxley Periods." Accounting Review 83, no. 3 (May 2008): 757–787.
      • July 2002 (Revised April 2003)
      • Case

      Computer Associates International, Inc.: Governance and Investor Communication Challenge

      By: Paul M. Healy and Krishna G. Palepu
      Sanjay Kumar, the CEO of Computer Associates, faces investor communication challenges following the company's implementation of a new business model and the accompanying change method used to recognize revenue. Despite management's confidence that the new business...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Earnings; Earnings Management; Stock Shares; Problems and Challenges; Communication Strategy; Accrual Accounting; Business Model; Budgets and Budgeting; Corporate Governance; Revenue; Computer Industry; Information Technology Industry
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      Healy, Paul M., and Krishna G. Palepu. "Computer Associates International, Inc.: Governance and Investor Communication Challenge." Harvard Business School Case 103-007, July 2002. (Revised April 2003.)
      • July 2000
      • Case

      Aerospace Technologies, Inc.

      By: Paul M. Healy and Jacob Cohen
      Ben Galil's privately held engineering consulting firm represents aerospace products manufacturers in Israeli government biddings. The company incurs expenses for years before getting paid. This case deals with the alternative methods for booking revenues and expenses...  View Details
      Keywords: Accrual Accounting; Accounting; Revenue; Cost; Business or Company Management; Profit; Engineering; Bids and Bidding; Government and Politics; Private Ownership; Consulting Industry; Israel
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      Healy, Paul M., and Jacob Cohen. "Aerospace Technologies, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 101-003, July 2000.
      • November 1999 (Revised July 2003)
      • Case

      Pre-Paid Legal Services, Inc.

      By: Paul M. Healy and Jacob Cohen
      Pre-Paid Legal Services' business model reveals two key issues--managing the sales force and sales growth and managing claims. Students analyze the economics of the business and consider how to measure firm performance, how to evaluate and reward the sales force, and...  View Details
      Keywords: Financial Management; Financial Strategy; Salesforce Management; Marketing Strategy; Accrual Accounting; Business Cycles; Forecasting and Prediction; Insurance; Business Growth and Maturation; Insurance Industry
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      Healy, Paul M., and Jacob Cohen. "Pre-Paid Legal Services, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 100-037, November 1999. (Revised July 2003.)
      • November 1999
      • Background Note

      Recognizing Revenues and Expenses: Realized and Earned

      By: Robert S. Kaplan
      Describes a key concept in financial accounting: choosing an appropriate revenue recognition point. The accrual process requires revenue recognition and expense matching for reporting on the value creation process of companies. Describes the two key criteria for...  View Details
      Keywords: Accounting Audits; Accrual Accounting; Cost Accounting; Budgets and Budgeting; Revenue; Profit; Cost Management; Value Creation; Competitive Strategy; Financial Statements; Accounting Industry
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      Kaplan, Robert S. "Recognizing Revenues and Expenses: Realized and Earned." Harvard Business School Background Note 100-050, November 1999.
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