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Cullen, B. Zoe Remove Cullen, B. Zoe →

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  • 2020
  • Working Paper

The Targeting and Impact of Paycheck Protection Program Loans to Small Businesses
By: Alexander Bartik, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca, Christopher Stanton and Adi Sunderam
The Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) aimed to quickly deliver hundreds of billions of dollars of loans to small businesses, with the loans administered via private banks. In this paper, we use firm-level data to document the demand and supply of PPP funds. Using an...  View Details
Keywords: Paycheck Protection Program; Targeting; Impact; Entrepreneurship; Health Pandemics; Small Business; Financing and Loans; Outcome or Result; United States
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  • Article

The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Outcomes and Expectations
By: Alexander Bartik, Marianne Bertrand, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca and Christopher Stanton
To explore the impact of COVID on small businesses, we conducted a survey of more than 5,800 small businesses between March 28 and April 4, 2020. Several themes emerged. First, mass layoffs and closures had already occurred—just a few weeks into the crisis. Second, the...  View Details
Keywords: Covid-19; Stimulus; Cares Act; Health Pandemics; Small Business; Surveys
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  • 2020
  • Working Paper

What Jobs Are Being Done at Home During the COVID-19 Crisis? Evidence from Firm-Level Surveys
By: Alexander Bartik, Zoë Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca and Christopher Stanton
The threat of COVID-19 has increased the health risks of going to an office or factory, leading more workers to do their jobs remotely. In this paper, we provide results from firm surveys on both small and large businesses on the prevalence and productivity of remote...  View Details
Keywords: Covid-19; Remote Work; Health Pandemics; Jobs and Positions; Demographics; Surveys
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  • 2020
  • Working Paper

Business Reopening Decisions and Demand Forecasts During the COVID-19 Pandemic
By: Dylan Balla-Elliott, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca and Christopher Stanton
How quickly will American businesses reopen after COVID-19 lockdowns end? We use a nationwide survey of small businesses to measure firms’ expectations about their re-opening and future demand. A plurality of firms in our sample expect to reopen within days of the end...  View Details
Keywords: Covid-19; Demand Forecasting; Reopening; Health Pandemics; Demand and Consumers; Forecasting and Prediction
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  • 2020
  • Working Paper

The Old Boys' Club: Schmoozing and the Gender Gap
By: Zoë B. Cullen and Ricardo Perez-Truglia
Offices are social places. Employees and managers take coffee breaks together, go to lunch, hang out over drinks, and talk about family and hobbies. In this study, we provide evidence that employees’ social interactions with their managers can be advantageous for their...  View Details
Keywords: Career; Promotions; Socialization; Networking; Gender; Personal Development and Career; Wages; Social and Collaborative Networks
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  • 2020
  • Working Paper

Equilibrium Effects of Pay Transparency in a Simple Labor Market
By: Zoë B. Cullen and Bobak Pakzad-Hurson
The public discourse around pay transparency has focused on the direct effect: how workers seek to rectify newly disclosed pay inequities through renegotiations. The question of how wage-setting, bargaining, and hiring practices change with higher transparency has...  View Details
Keywords: Pay Transparency; Online Labor Market; Privacy; Wage Gap; Negotiation; Corporate Disclosure; Compensation and Benefits; Gender
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  • 2020
  • Working Paper

The Salary Taboo: Privacy Norms and the Diffusion of Information
By: Zoë B. Cullen and Ricardo Perez-Truglia
The limited diffusion of salary information has implications for labor markets, such as wage discrimination policies and collective bargaining. Access to salary information is believed to be limited and unequal, but there is little direct evidence on the sources of...  View Details
Keywords: Search Costs; Privacy; Norms; Compensation; Financial Industry; Field Experiment; Compensation and Benefits; Knowledge Dissemination; Societal Protocols
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  • 2021
  • Working Paper

How Much Does Your Boss Make? The Effects of Salary Comparisons
By: Zoë B. Cullen and Ricardo Perez-Truglia
The vast majority of the pay inequality in an organization comes from differences in pay between employees and their bosses. But are employees aware of these pay disparities? Are employees demotivated by this inequality? To address these questions, we conducted a...  View Details
Keywords: Salary; Pay Transparency; Negotiation; Compensation; Inequality; Gender Inequality; Career Concerns; Transparency; Wages; Equality and Inequality; Perception; Behavior
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  • Forthcoming
  • Article

Outsourcing Tasks Online: Matching Supply and Demand on Peer-to-Peer Internet Platforms
By: Zoë Cullen and Chiara Farronato
We study the growth of online peer-to-peer markets. Using data from TaskRabbit, an expanding marketplace for domestic tasks at the time of our study, we show that growth varies considerably across cities. To disentangle the potential drivers of growth, we look...  View Details
Keywords: Two-sided Market; Two-sided Platforms; Peer-to-peer Markets; Platform Strategy; Sharing Economy; Platform Growth; Online Technology; Market Platforms; Strategy; Market Design; Network Effects
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