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All HBS Web
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- Faculty Publications (9)
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- 2020
- Working Paper
The Targeting and Impact of Paycheck Protection Program Loans to Small Businesses
By: Alexander Bartik, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca, Christopher Stanton and Adi Sunderam
The Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) aimed to quickly deliver hundreds of billions of dollars of loans to small businesses, with the loans administered via private banks. In this paper, we use firm-level data to document the demand and supply of PPP funds. Using an...
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Keywords:
Paycheck Protection Program;
Targeting;
Impact;
Entrepreneurship;
Health Pandemics;
Small Business;
Financing and Loans;
Outcome or Result;
United States
Bartik, Alexander, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca, Christopher Stanton, and Adi Sunderam. "The Targeting and Impact of Paycheck Protection Program Loans to Small Businesses." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-021, August 2020.
- Article
The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Outcomes and Expectations
By: Alexander Bartik, Marianne Bertrand, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca and Christopher Stanton
To explore the impact of COVID on small businesses, we conducted a survey of more than 5,800 small businesses between March 28 and April 4, 2020. Several themes emerged. First, mass layoffs and closures had already occurred—just a few weeks into the crisis. Second, the...
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Bartik, Alexander, Marianne Bertrand, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca, and Christopher Stanton. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Outcomes and Expectations." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 30 (July 28, 2020).
- 2020
- Working Paper
What Jobs Are Being Done at Home During the COVID-19 Crisis? Evidence from Firm-Level Surveys
The threat of COVID-19 has increased the health risks of going to an office or factory, leading more workers to do their jobs remotely. In this paper, we provide results from firm surveys on both small and large businesses on the prevalence and productivity of remote...
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Bartik, Alexander, Zoë Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca, and Christopher Stanton. "What Jobs Are Being Done at Home During the COVID-19 Crisis? Evidence from Firm-Level Surveys." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-138, June 2020.
- 2020
- Working Paper
Business Reopening Decisions and Demand Forecasts During the COVID-19 Pandemic
How quickly will American businesses reopen after COVID-19 lockdowns end? We use a nationwide survey of small businesses to measure firms’ expectations about their re-opening and future demand. A plurality of firms in our sample expect to reopen within days of the end...
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Keywords:
Covid-19;
Demand Forecasting;
Reopening;
Health Pandemics;
Demand and Consumers;
Forecasting and Prediction
Balla-Elliott, Dylan, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca, and Christopher Stanton. "Business Reopening Decisions and Demand Forecasts During the COVID-19 Pandemic." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 27362, June 2020. (Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-132, June 2020.)
- 2020
- Working Paper
The Old Boys' Club: Schmoozing and the Gender Gap
By: Zoë B. Cullen and Ricardo Perez-Truglia
Offices are social places. Employees and managers take coffee breaks together, go to lunch,
hang out over drinks, and talk about family and hobbies. In this study, we provide evidence that
employees’ social interactions with their managers can be advantageous for their...
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Keywords:
Career;
Promotions;
Socialization;
Networking;
Gender;
Personal Development and Career;
Wages;
Social and Collaborative Networks
Cullen, Zoë B., and Ricardo Perez-Truglia. "The Old Boys' Club: Schmoozing and the Gender Gap." Working Paper.
- 2020
- Working Paper
Equilibrium Effects of Pay Transparency in a Simple Labor Market
By: Zoë B. Cullen and Bobak Pakzad-Hurson
The public discourse around pay transparency has focused on the direct effect: how workers seek
to rectify newly disclosed pay inequities through renegotiations. The question of how wage-setting,
bargaining, and hiring practices change with higher transparency has...
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Keywords:
Pay Transparency;
Online Labor Market;
Privacy;
Wage Gap;
Negotiation;
Corporate Disclosure;
Compensation and Benefits;
Gender
Cullen, Zoë B., and Bobak Pakzad-Hurson. "Equilibrium Effects of Pay Transparency in a Simple Labor Market." Working Paper, April 2020. (Formerly two papers, "Equal Work for Unequal Pay" and "Is Pay Transparency Good?" Selected as Exemplary Applied Modeling Paper at EC '19. Reject and Resubmit at Econometrica.)
- 2020
- Working Paper
The Salary Taboo: Privacy Norms and the Diffusion of Information
By: Zoë B. Cullen and Ricardo Perez-Truglia
The limited diffusion of salary information has implications for labor markets, such as wage discrimination policies and collective bargaining. Access to salary information is believed to be limited and unequal, but there is little direct evidence on the sources of...
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Keywords:
Search Costs;
Privacy;
Norms;
Compensation;
Financial Industry;
Field Experiment;
Compensation and Benefits;
Knowledge Dissemination;
Societal Protocols
Cullen, Zoë B., and Ricardo Perez-Truglia. "The Salary Taboo: Privacy Norms and the Diffusion of Information." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 25145, October 2018. (Revised January 2020. Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-057, November 2019)
- 2021
- Working Paper
How Much Does Your Boss Make? The Effects of Salary Comparisons
By: Zoë B. Cullen and Ricardo Perez-Truglia
The vast majority of the pay inequality in an organization comes from differences in pay between employees and their bosses. But are employees aware of these pay disparities? Are employees demotivated by this inequality? To address these questions, we conducted a...
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Keywords:
Salary;
Pay Transparency;
Negotiation;
Compensation;
Inequality;
Gender Inequality;
Career Concerns;
Transparency;
Wages;
Equality and Inequality;
Perception;
Behavior
Cullen, Zoë B., and Ricardo Perez-Truglia. "How Much Does Your Boss Make? The Effects of Salary Comparisons." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-013, August 2018. (Revised March 2021. Revise and Resubmit at Journal of Political Economy. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 24841, August 2018)
- Forthcoming
- Article
Outsourcing Tasks Online: Matching Supply and Demand on Peer-to-Peer Internet Platforms
By: Zoë Cullen and Chiara Farronato
We study the growth of online peer-to-peer markets. Using data from TaskRabbit, an expanding marketplace for domestic tasks at the time of our study, we show that growth varies considerably across cities. To disentangle the potential drivers of growth, we look...
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Keywords:
Two-sided Market;
Two-sided Platforms;
Peer-to-peer Markets;
Platform Strategy;
Sharing Economy;
Platform Growth;
Online Technology;
Market Platforms;
Strategy;
Market Design;
Network Effects
Cullen, Zoë, and Chiara Farronato. "Outsourcing Tasks Online: Matching Supply and Demand on Peer-to-Peer Internet Platforms." Management Science (forthcoming).