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Publications

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  • All HBS Web  (119,584)
    • Faculty Publications  (20)

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    • All HBS Web  (119,584)
      • Faculty Publications  (20)

      Lu, ShirleyRemove Lu, Shirley →

      Page 1 of 20 Results
      • March 2025
      • Article

      Limited Accountability and Awareness of Corporate Emissions Target Outcomes

      By: Xiaoyan Jiang, Shawn Kim and Shirley Lu
      Firms are increasingly announcing targets to reduce their carbon emissions, but it is unclear whether firms are held accountable for these targets. Here we examine emissions targets that ended in 2020 to investigate the final target outcomes, the transparency of target... View Details
      Keywords: Carbon Emissions; Goals and Objectives; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Corporate Accountability; Environmental Sustainability; Public Opinion
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      Jiang, Xiaoyan, Shawn Kim, and Shirley Lu. "Limited Accountability and Awareness of Corporate Emissions Target Outcomes." Nature Climate Change 15, no. 3 (March 2025): 279–286.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Climate Solutions, Transition Risk, and Stock Returns

      By: Shirley Lu, Edward J. Riedl, Simon Xu and George Serafeim
      Using large language models to measure firms' climate solution products and services, we find that high-climate solution firms exhibit lower stock returns and higher market valuation multiples. Their stock prices respond positively to events signaling increased demand... View Details
      Keywords: Technology; Generative Ai; Large Language Models; Climate Finance; Climate Change; Innovation and Invention; Environmental Sustainability; AI and Machine Learning; Investment; Financial Markets
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      Lu, Shirley, Edward J. Riedl, Simon Xu, and George Serafeim. "Climate Solutions, Transition Risk, and Stock Returns." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-024, November 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Catalysts for Climate Solutions: Corporate Responses to Venture Capital Financing of Climate-tech Startups

      By: Shirley Lu, George Serafeim and Simon Xu
      We study whether incumbent firms increase their product focus on climate solutions in response to venture capital (VC) financing of climate-tech startups. Using large language models to measure a firm's focus on climate solutions, we find that incumbents in similar... View Details
      Keywords: Climate Finance; Climate Change; Technological Innovation; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Private Equity; Environmental Sustainability; Business Startups
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      Lu, Shirley, George Serafeim, and Simon Xu. "Catalysts for Climate Solutions: Corporate Responses to Venture Capital Financing of Climate-tech Startups." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-025, November 2024.
      • June 2024
      • Simulation

      Vehicle Lifecycle Emissions Calculator

      By: Mike Toffel, Shirley Lu and George Serafeim
      This Vehicle Lifecycle Emissions Calculator calculates the greenhouse gas emissions over the lifespan of internal combustion engine (ICEs) vehicles, battery electric vehicles (BEVs), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), including those associated with their... View Details
      Keywords: Decarbonization; Environment; Carbon Accounting; Carbon; Carbon Abatement; Electric Vehicles; Automobiles; Environmental Accounting; Environmental Management; Environmental Sustainability; Strategy; Technological Innovation; Supply Chain; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Climate Change; Transportation; Transportation Industry; Auto Industry; Battery Industry
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      Toffel, Mike, Shirley Lu, and George Serafeim. "Vehicle Lifecycle Emissions Calculator." Harvard Business School Simulation 124-721, June 2024.
      • May 2024
      • Supplement

      Harvard University and Urban Mining Industries: Decarbonizing the Supply Chain - Instructor Version

      By: Shirley Lu and Robert Kaplan
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      Lu, Shirley, and Robert Kaplan. "Harvard University and Urban Mining Industries: Decarbonizing the Supply Chain - Instructor Version." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 124-703, May 2024.
      • May 2024
      • Supplement

      Harvard University and Urban Mining Industries: Decarbonizing the Supply Chain - Student Version

      By: Shirley Lu and Robert S. Kaplan
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      Lu, Shirley, and Robert S. Kaplan. "Harvard University and Urban Mining Industries: Decarbonizing the Supply Chain - Student Version." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 124-701, May 2024.
      • April 2024 (Revised April 2025)
      • Supplement

      Driving Decarbonization at BMW

      By: Shirley Lu, George Serafeim and Michael W. Toffel
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      Lu, Shirley, George Serafeim, and Michael W. Toffel. "Driving Decarbonization at BMW." Harvard Business School PowerPoint Supplement 124-020, April 2024. (Revised April 2025.)
      • April 2024
      • Teaching Note

      Harvard University and Urban Mining Industries: Decarbonizing the Supply Chain

      By: Shirley Lu and Robert S. Kaplan
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 123-076. View Details
      Keywords: Carbon Emissions; Blockchain; Supply Chain; Green Technology; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability
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      Lu, Shirley, and Robert S. Kaplan. "Harvard University and Urban Mining Industries: Decarbonizing the Supply Chain." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 124-079, April 2024.
      • February 2024 (Revised February 2024)
      • Case

      CLSA: Integrating ESG in Stock Valuation

      By: Shirley Lu, Aaron Yoon and Billy Chan
      In 2023, a senior financial analyst at the Hong Kong-based stock brokerage firm CLSA was surprised to see that, based on his calculations, the financial impact from climate risks on a major Indian cement manufacturing company’s projected earnings could be massive.... View Details
      Keywords: Accounting; Corporate Governance; Analysis; Stocks; Valuation; Environmental Sustainability; Financial Services Industry; Industrial Products Industry; Hong Kong; China; India; Asia
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      Lu, Shirley, Aaron Yoon, and Billy Chan. "CLSA: Integrating ESG in Stock Valuation." Harvard Business School Case 124-069, February 2024. (Revised February 2024.)
      • 2024
      • Article

      Financial Constraints and Short-Term Planning Are Linked to Flood Risk Adaptation Gaps in U.S. Cities

      By: Shirley Lu and Anya Nakhmurina
      Adaptation is critical in reducing the inevitable impact of climate change. Here we study cities’ adaptation to elevated flood risk by introducing a linguistic measure of adaptation extracted from financial disclosures of 431 US cities over 2013–2020. While cities with... View Details
      Keywords: City; Natural Disasters; Climate Change; Adaptation; Risk and Uncertainty; Strategic Planning
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      Lu, Shirley, and Anya Nakhmurina. "Financial Constraints and Short-Term Planning Are Linked to Flood Risk Adaptation Gaps in U.S. Cities." Art. 43. Communications Earth & Environment 5 (2024).
      • June 12, 2023
      • Article

      How AI Will Accelerate the Circular Economy

      By: Shirley Lu and George Serafeim
      Despite living on a planet with finite resources, our economy remains largely linear and full of single-use products. The shift toward a circular economy, where companies recover or recycle resources, has hit roadblocks, including low value of used products and high... View Details
      Keywords: Recycling; Materials Management; Innovation and Management; Technological Innovation; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; AI and Machine Learning; Operations; Industrial Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Technology Industry
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      Lu, Shirley, and George Serafeim. "How AI Will Accelerate the Circular Economy." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (June 12, 2023).
      • June 2023
      • Article

      The Effect of Firms' Information Exposure on Safeguarding Employee Health: Evidence from COVID-19

      By: Lisa Yao Liu and Shirley Lu
      We show that information exposure through international business networks enables firms to take proactive measures that benefit employees and potentially the local community. Specifically, in the early days of COVID-19, firms that have business networks with China and... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Networks; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Health Pandemics; Decision Choices and Conditions; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact
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      Liu, Lisa Yao, and Shirley Lu. "The Effect of Firms' Information Exposure on Safeguarding Employee Health: Evidence from COVID-19." Journal of Accounting Research 61, no. 3 (June 2023): 891–933.
      • May 2023 (Revised June 2023)
      • Case

      Harvard University and Urban Mining Industries: Decarbonizing the Supply Chain

      By: Shirley Lu and Robert S. Kaplan
      The case describes Harvard University’s consideration to decarbonize its supply chain by replacing cement with a low-carbon substitute called Pozzotive®. Developed and produced by Urban Mining Industries, Pozzotive® is a ground-glass material made with post-consumer... View Details
      Keywords: Carbon Emissions; Blockchain; Supply Chain; Green Technology; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability
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      Lu, Shirley, and Robert S. Kaplan. "Harvard University and Urban Mining Industries: Decarbonizing the Supply Chain." Harvard Business School Case 123-076, May 2023. (Revised June 2023.)
      • April 2023 (Revised October 2023)
      • Supplement

      Driving Decarbonization at BMW – Instructor Spreadsheet Supplement

      By: Shirley Lu, George Serafeim and Michael W. Toffel
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      Lu, Shirley, George Serafeim, and Michael W. Toffel. "Driving Decarbonization at BMW – Instructor Spreadsheet Supplement." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 123-712, April 2023. (Revised October 2023.)
      • December 2022 (Revised October 2023)
      • Supplement

      Driving Decarbonization at BMW – Student Spreadsheet Supplement

      By: Shirley Lu, George Serafeim and Michael W. Toffel
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      Lu, Shirley, George Serafeim, and Michael W. Toffel. "Driving Decarbonization at BMW – Student Spreadsheet Supplement." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 123-708, December 2022. (Revised October 2023.)
      • December 2022
      • Supplement

      Driving Decarbonization at BMW - Video Supplement

      By: Shirley Lu, George Serafeim and Michael W. Toffel
      Videos of Thomas Becker, Vice President of Sustainability and Mobility at BMW Group, in support of the case "Driving Decarbonization at BMW" (HBS No. 123-008) View Details
      Keywords: Decarbonization; Auto Manufacturing; Carbon Accounting; Accounting; Environmental Accounting; Energy; Environmental Management; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Pollution; Product; Supply Chain; Supply Chain Management; Production; Product Design; Transportation; Transportation Industry; Europe; United States; China
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      Lu, Shirley, George Serafeim, and Michael W. Toffel. "Driving Decarbonization at BMW - Video Supplement." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 123-706, December 2022.
      • November 2022 (Revised April 2025)
      • Teaching Note

      Driving Decarbonization at BMW

      By: Shirley Lu, George Serafeim and Michael W. Toffel
      Teaching note in support of the case "Driving Decarbonization at BMW" (HBS No. 123-008) View Details
      Keywords: Decarbonization; Environment; Sustainability; Carbon Accounting; Carbon; Carbon Abatement; Electric Vehicles; Automobiles; Transportation; Environmental Accounting; Accounting; Environmental Management; Environmental Sustainability; Strategy; Technological Innovation; Supply Chain; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Climate Change; Transportation Industry; Auto Industry; Germany; Europe; China; United States
      Citation
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      Lu, Shirley, George Serafeim, and Michael W. Toffel. "Driving Decarbonization at BMW." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 123-049, November 2022. (Revised April 2025.)
      • October 2022 (Revised June 2024)
      • Case

      Driving Decarbonization at BMW

      By: Shirley Lu, George Serafeim and Michael W. Toffel
      The case describes BMW’s electrification and decarbonization strategy, and how the company measured carbon emissions throughout the life cycle of its vehicles and used tools like carbon abatement cost curves to evaluate decarbonization opportunities. In mid-2022,... View Details
      Keywords: Decarbonization; Climate Change; Environment; Sustainability; Carbon Accounting; Carbon; Carbon Abatement; Electric Vehicles; Automobiles; Transportation; Environmental Accounting; Environmental Management; Environmental Sustainability; Accounting; Strategy; Technological Innovation; Supply Chain; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Transportation Industry; Auto Industry; Battery Industry; Germany; China; United States; Europe
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      Lu, Shirley, George Serafeim, and Michael W. Toffel. "Driving Decarbonization at BMW." Harvard Business School Case 123-008, October 2022. (Revised June 2024.)
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      ESG Performance and Voluntary ESG Disclosure: Mind the (Gender Pay) Gap

      By: June Huang and Shirley Lu
      We study if firms with better ESG performance are more likely to provide voluntary ESG disclosure, an assumption embedded in many ESG ratings. We focus on gender diversity and proxy for performance using a firm's gender pay gap ("GPG") disclosed under a UK disclosure... View Details
      Keywords: Pay Gap; Gender; Wages; Equality and Inequality; Corporate Disclosure; Policy; Diversity
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      Huang, June, and Shirley Lu. "ESG Performance and Voluntary ESG Disclosure: Mind the (Gender Pay) Gap." SSRN Working Paper Series, No. 3708257, May 2022.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      The Green Bonding Hypothesis: How Do Green Bonds Enhance the Credibility of Environmental Commitments?

      By: Shirley Lu
      This paper proposes and provides evidence on a green bonding hypothesis, where green bonds act as a commitment device that subjects firms to institutions holding them accountable to their environmental promises. I find that green-bond issuers face higher climate change... View Details
      Keywords: Bonding Hypothesis; Sustainable Finance; Climate Change; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Bonds; Corporate Accountability
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      Lu, Shirley. "The Green Bonding Hypothesis: How Do Green Bonds Enhance the Credibility of Environmental Commitments?" SSRN Working Paper Series, No. 3898909, December 2021.
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